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The Silurians, also known as Earth Reptiles, Eocenes, reptile people, Psionosauropodomorpha, Homo Reptilicus, Homo reptilia and Reptilia sapiens, (AUDIO: Tidal Wave [+]Guy Adams, Assembled (UNIT: The New Series, Big Finish Productions, 2017).) were a species native to Earth that pre-dated humanity. Technologically advanced, they lived alongside their aquatic cousins, the Sea Devils. Unlike other species, Silurians showed an important intraspecific variation, with vast differentiation between breeds, such as the number of eyes, the formation of their pupils and the colour of their skin.
The Third Doctor seemingly coined the name "Silurians" during his first encounter with them in Derbyshire, (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Malcolm Hulke, Doctor Who season 7 (BBC1, 1970).) supposedly because the human discoverer of the tribe under Derbyshire, (TV: The Sea Devils [+]Malcolm Hulke, Doctor Who television story season 9 (BBC1, 1972).) Dr Quinn, (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Malcolm Hulke, Doctor Who season 7 (BBC1, 1970).) incorrectly identified the geological era they lived in, such that the name Silurian originated from Dr Quinn's misnomer. (TV: The Sea Devils [+]Malcolm Hulke, Doctor Who television story season 9 (BBC1, 1972).) However, many accounts showed Silurians using the name amongst themselves, (TV: Warriors of the Deep [+]Johnny Byrne, Doctor Who season 21 (BBC1, 1984).) even without knowing that other factions had come out of hibernation. (AUDIO: Bloodtide [+]Jonathan Morris, Main Range (Big Finish Productions, 2001).) Indeed, the "Monster Vaults" of the databanks of the Doctor's TARDIS identified "Silurian" as the proper name the species originally used; humans retained the name over many years as ancient race memories; (PROSE: The Monster Vault [+]Jonathan Morris and Penny CS Andrews, The Monster Vault (Penguin Group, 2020).) the Doctor, the actual coiner of the term, (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Malcolm Hulke, Doctor Who season 7 (BBC1, 1970).) was, by some account, half-human on their mother's side. (TV: Doctor Who [+]Matthew Jacobs, Doctor Who Television Movie (Fox Broadcasting Company, 1996)., etc.) The name was also seen to be used by members of other species altogether on occasion, such as the Sontaran Strax. (TV: A Good Man Goes to War [+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who series 6 (BBC One, 2011).)
Biology[]
Physical appearance[]
The Silurians were an extremely varied species, with different subspecies and appearances; there were at least ten or eleven Silurian variations. Whilst many of them appeared similar, there were subtle differences which were attributed to caste. There were also clans or families with differentiated physical characteristics, some suited for environments of extreme cold or high plateaus. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Gary Russell, Virgin Missing Adventures (Virgin Books, 1996).) In general, they were humanoid reptilians with scaly crests on their head, with a lifespan of hundreds of years. (WC: Who Are The Silurians? [+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)
One group, identified by historians as Early Silurians, (PROSE: The Monster Vault [+]Jonathan Morris and Penny CS Andrews, The Monster Vault (Penguin Group, 2020).) was found at Wenley Moor; these had long fingers and three webbed toes on each foot, and their mouths were small and sucker-like. The most noticeable feature of these Silurians were their three eyes. Their main eyes were bright yellow with cat-like pupils, while their third eye was red and high on the forehead, surrounded by a fluted bone structure. They also had rectangular external ears. They were active creatures who spoke quickly in deep voices. (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Malcolm Hulke, Doctor Who season 7 (BBC1, 1970).) A tribe fitting this description also lived under the Galápagos Islands. (AUDIO: Bloodtide [+]Jonathan Morris, Main Range (Big Finish Productions, 2001).) The cadaver of another such Silurian was identified by Vastra as being of the "Scholar" caste. (COMIC: The Lost Dimension [+]George Mann, et al., Titan summer events (Titan Comics, 2017).)
Another group, identified by historians as Middle Silurians, (PROSE: The Monster Vault [+]Jonathan Morris and Penny CS Andrews, The Monster Vault (Penguin Group, 2020).) was found at Sea Base 4. They looked similar to those of Wenley Moor, but had stockier builds, brown skin, suckers on the tips of their fingers, smaller mouths, ornate, curving spikes around their heads and the third eye on top. The third eye would glow along with their speech, but was not used in attack. They were also slower and spoke in a higher-pitched voice. (TV: Warriors of the Deep [+]Johnny Byrne, Doctor Who season 21 (BBC1, 1984).) Identical Silurians were seen elsewhere as part of the aforementioned Scholar caste. (COMIC: The Lost Dimension [+]George Mann, et al., Titan summer events (Titan Comics, 2017).)
Horlak, a leader of a tribe of scholars which included Silurians matching the aforementioned groups, appeared much like them but was distinct in that his cranial ridges were further pronounced. (COMIC: The Lost Dimension [+]George Mann, et al., Titan summer events (Titan Comics, 2017).)
A tribe seen on prehistoric Earth was distinguished in that they had only two eyes, no external ears, five digits on each hand, crests on their heads and down their neck, and faces with bulging black eyes and beak-like mouths. (COMIC: Supremacy of the Cybermen [+]George Mann and Cavan Scott, Titan summer events (Titan Comics, 2016).)
Identified by historians as Late Silurians, (PROSE: The Monster Vault [+]Jonathan Morris and Penny CS Andrews, The Monster Vault (Penguin Group, 2020).) the "Warrior" caste (COMIC: The Lost Dimension [+]George Mann, et al., Titan summer events (Titan Comics, 2017).) were radically different, more human-shaped faces. (TV: The Hungry Earth [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010)./Cold Blood [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010).) Of this subspecies, Silurian Hunters wore masks resembling the faces of their beaked counterparts. (GAME: The Mazes of Time [+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.) They had long tongues which they could flick to inject a venom, which was mutagenic to humans (TV: The Hungry Earth [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010)./Cold Blood [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010).) but could harmlessly stun other Silurians. (GAME: Lost in Time [+]Doctor Who video games (Eastside Games, 2022).) They moved and spoke much like humans. (TV: The Hungry Earth [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010)./Cold Blood [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010).) This type also appeared to have extended into the London area as well, with the colony Madame Vastra belonged to having been uncovered during an expansion to the London Underground. (TV: Lua error in Module:Cite_source at line 420: attempt to index a nil value., WC: Vastra Investigates: A Christmas Prequel [+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.) Vastra was identified by her Scholar brethren as "Warrior". (COMIC: The Lost Dimension [+]George Mann, et al., Titan summer events (Titan Comics, 2017).) These Silurians would become darker green when blushing. (TV: The Name of the Doctor [+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who series 7 (BBC One, 2013).) At least one Silurian displayed a yellowing in parts of their centre and side crests as they aged. (TV: Lua error in Module:Cite_source at line 420: attempt to index a nil value., Deep Breath [+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who series 8 (BBC One, 2014).)
The Silurians were also distantly related to the Sea Devils. (TV: The Sea Devils [+]Malcolm Hulke, Doctor Who television story season 9 (BBC1, 1972).) They were genetically divergent enough to create problems for the offspring of matings with Silurians. Offspring suffered from biological problems including sterility and a shorter lifespan, due to cellular degeneration. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Gary Russell, Virgin Missing Adventures (Virgin Books, 1996).)
In at least one alternate reality, there was a human-Silurian hybrid. This demonstrated that mating between the two was possible. (PROSE: Spiral Scratch [+]Gary Russell, BBC Past Doctor Adventures (BBC Books, 2005).)
Anatomy[]
Silurians were cold blooded and could only survive at warmer temperatures. They were sluggish and slow when cold. (PROSE: Blood Heat [+]Jim Mortimore, Virgin New Adventures (Virgin Books, 1993)., TV: The Hungry Earth [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010).)
Silurians had a hunter's anatomy, with powerful muscles and hollow bones. Though they were taller than humans, they were also lighter and faster. According to one account, Silurians were incapable of crying, (PROSE: Blood Heat [+]Jim Mortimore, Virgin New Adventures (Virgin Books, 1993).) although another account showed Silurians did indeed cry. (PROSE: Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters [+]Malcolm Hulke, adapted from Doctor Who and the Silurians (Malcolm Hulke), Target novelisations (Target Books, 1974). The typical lifespan of a Silurian was 200 to 250 years, (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Gary Russell, Virgin Missing Adventures (Virgin Books, 1996).) though some lived up to 300 years. (TV: Cold Blood [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010).) Vastra lived from the 1880s and was still alive in 2022, around 140 years later. (PROSE: Requiem [+]Àjoké Ibironke and Juno Dawson, Redacted (BBC Sounds, 2022).)
Silurians had an organ analogous to the human pituitary gland. (PROSE: Burning Heart [+]Dave Stone, Virgin Missing Adventures (Virgin Books, 1997).) They had a greater lung capacity than a human. (TV: Deep Breath [+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who series 8 (BBC One, 2014).) Nanjura fruits were toxic for them, but not lethal. (COMIC: Supremacy of the Cybermen [+]George Mann and Cavan Scott, Titan summer events (Titan Comics, 2016).) Silurians possessed venom sacs in their mouths, with which they could release venom through their tongues. The venom was toxic and deadly even to Gallifreyans, but because the sacs of juvenile Silurians were not fully developed, it was possible to survive an attack by one of the species' young without permanent damage. (PROSE: The Silurian Gift [+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)
The reptilian Silurians hatched from eggs. (PROSE: Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters [+]Malcolm Hulke, adapted from Doctor Who and the Silurians (Malcolm Hulke), Target novelisations (Target Books, 1974).
Third eye[]
The Silurians first encountered by the Doctor had three eyes, providing them with a triple-faceted form of vision. (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Malcolm Hulke, Doctor Who season 7 (BBC1, 1970).) According to one source, it was Silurians of the "scholar caste" who possessed a third eye on the forehead, (COMIC: The Lost Dimension [+]George Mann, et al., Titan summer events (Titan Comics, 2017).) Other accounts suggested that the "third eyes" were bionic implants, referred to as "Silurian Paralysers".
The third eye also allowed them to use a variety of telepathic powers. The Silurians used their third eyes to communicate with other Silurians in a process known as "linking". The third eye would glow along with their emotions, becoming brighter when they were angry. They could sense the presence of other Silurians, even at great distances. Silurians could control the minds of other creatures. (PROSE: Blood Heat [+]Jim Mortimore, Virgin New Adventures (Virgin Books, 1993).) They could hypnotise and coerce humans through a link to a primal part of a subject's mind, though stronger wills could resist this control. (AUDIO: Bloodtide [+]Jonathan Morris, Main Range (Big Finish Productions, 2001).) However, even Silurians without the third eye could demonstrate this ability: Vastra told Jenny Flint that her species could exert a mesmeric influence over humans. (AUDIO: The Cars That Ate London! [+]Jonathan Morris, Heritage 1 (The Paternoster Gang: Heritage, Big Finish Productions, 2019).)
The third eye was capable of harming organic beings, killing them or leaving them unconscious. Alternatively, they could revive a human that they had rendered unconscious with the third eye. Energies emanating from it allowed them to burn through walls and create tunnels. (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Malcolm Hulke, Doctor Who season 7 (BBC1, 1970)., PROSE: Blood Heat [+]Jim Mortimore, Virgin New Adventures (Virgin Books, 1993).) According to one account, the offensive capability of the third eye was a beam of burning radiation. (COMIC: Twilight of the Silurians [+]Steve Moore, DWM backup comic stories (Marvel Comics, 1980).)
The Silurians also employed their third eye in less destructive tasks, such as activating their technology, opening passageways or creating force fields to trap prisoners. (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Malcolm Hulke, Doctor Who season 7 (BBC1, 1970).)
Not all Silurians had these third eyes, (TV: The Hungry Earth [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010).) primarily the ones belonging to the "warrior caste". (COMIC: The Lost Dimension [+]George Mann, et al., Titan summer events (Titan Comics, 2017).) Jastrok bitterly implied that these Silurians once had working third eyes but they had lost it over time. (AUDIO: Call to Arms [+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.) However, the Dacha was one Silurian who possessed a third eye despite his resemblance to the warrior caste. (COMIC: The Lost Dimension [+]George Mann, et al., Titan summer events (Titan Comics, 2017).)
Cyber-Silurians[]
In an alternate timeline, the Silurians of prehistoric Earth, who resembled those of the warrior caste, were cyber-converted into a subspecies of Cybermen that the Eleventh Doctor dubbed "Cyber-Silurians", amongst other names. The Silurians' converted states varied between individuals; some Silurians merely possessed a cybernetic implant on their faces and a small number of cybernetic components, whilst others possessed near-complete Cyber-bodies with unique Cyber-helmets and only a small amount of the original Silurian exposed. Some of the latter type of Cyber-Silurians had chest units with a blue or white circular light, similar to the Cybermen that allied with Rassilon to invade Gallifrey in this timeline. (COMIC: Supremacy of the Cybermen [+]George Mann and Cavan Scott, Titan summer events (Titan Comics, 2016).)
Other matters[]
Liz Shaw believed that much as the Sea Devils could inhabit deep oceanic floors inhospitable to human endeavours, their land-based cousins were well-adapted to live in high-temperature desert areas rarely prized by humans. She hoped that this would make cohabitation between humanity and Earth Reptiles relatively simple if a deal could be worked out. (GAME: Lost in Time [+]Doctor Who video games (Eastside Games, 2022).)
Culture[]
The Silurians were generally a peaceful race. Their highest laws forbade outright warfare except for defence. (TV: Warriors of the Deep [+]Johnny Byrne, Doctor Who season 21 (BBC1, 1984).) There was also great importance placed on the species' pure eugenics, which was believed to be their most important principle and most sacrosanct belief. Breeding between a Silurian and a Sea Devil was considered a crime punishable by death. The eggs of such a union were usually crushed and the parents executed. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Gary Russell, Virgin Missing Adventures (Virgin Books, 1996).)
The Silurians red was led by a Triad. (TV: Warriors of the Deep [+]Johnny Byrne, Doctor Who season 21 (BBC1, 1984)., PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Gary Russell, Virgin Missing Adventures (Virgin Books, 1996).) One account suggested that no one member of a Triad being allowed to order another, (AUDIO: The Silurian Candidate [+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.) but another account held that the Triad was made up of the main leader, the "Second" and a Science Adviser. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Gary Russell, Virgin Missing Adventures (Virgin Books, 1996).) Smaller "zones" or settlements were ruled by their own, subservient Triads. (GAME: Lost in Time [+]Doctor Who video games (Eastside Games, 2022).) They also established a Parliament of the Silurians within their capital. (AUDIO: The Silurian Candidate [+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)
Some Silurians captured wild dinosaurs to use as pets and "attack dogs", but the practice was controversial, which Vastra, for example, having always looked down upon it. (GAME: Lost in Time [+]Doctor Who video games (Eastside Games, 2022).)
The majority of Silurian warriors appeared to be female, just as the females were the more aggressive in some species of lower reptile. (TV: Cold Blood [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010)., Lua error in Module:Cite_source at line 420: attempt to index a nil value.)
Silurians communicated by telepathically linking through their third eyes, as well as by body language. Though they could use words, they generally only used speech for effect, when talking to children or to species without telepathic linking abilities. Silurians had little in the way of literature, since their mind linking abilities were a more effective method of transferring ideas. (PROSE: Blood Heat [+]Jim Mortimore, Virgin New Adventures (Virgin Books, 1993).)
A Silurian of advanced age would festoon the third eye with pearls as a form of decoration. (PROSE: Blood Heat [+]Jim Mortimore, Virgin New Adventures (Virgin Books, 1993).) Some Silurians kept early hominids as pets. (PROSE: Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters [+]Malcolm Hulke, adapted from Doctor Who and the Silurians (Malcolm Hulke), Target novelisations (Target Books, 1974). Whilst in the future, some used the term Earth Reptiles, others called themselves Silurians, insisting those that accepted the name of Earth Reptiles were pathetic assimilationists. (PROSE: Burning Heart [+]Dave Stone, Virgin Missing Adventures (Virgin Books, 1997).) Around the 1970s, however, some Silurians, who wanted humanity to be wiped out, used the term Earth Reptiles to describe themselves by. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Gary Russell, Virgin Missing Adventures (Virgin Books, 1996).)
They worshipped a Lizard God. (PROSE: The Crystal Bucephalus [+]Craig Hinton, Virgin Missing Adventures (Virgin Books, 1994).) Their myths included Urmungstandra, a devil god (PROSE: The Taking of Planet 5 [+]Simon Bucher-Jones and Mark Clapham, BBC Eighth Doctor Adventures (BBC Books, 1999).) and the Great Old Ones, including in their ranks Azathoth, a deity revered by the Silurians long before the rise of humanity. (PROSE: All-Consuming Fire [+]Andy Lane, Virgin New Adventures (Virgin Books, 1994).) They wrote the Necronomicon. (PROSE: White Darkness [+]David A. McIntee, Virgin New Adventures (Virgin Books, 1993).) Madame Vastra swore by a Goddess. (TV: The Name of the Doctor [+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who series 7 (BBC One, 2013)., Deep Breath [+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who series 8 (BBC One, 2014).)
The Third Doctor mentioned that along with literature, the Silurians had art, sport and games — "a complete civilisation". (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Gary Russell, Virgin Missing Adventures (Virgin Books, 1996).)
Silurian poetry was composed of optical illusions and mathematics. (PROSE: The Insidious Ideas of the Danger Thinkers [+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)
Relationship with other species[]
Humans[]
The Silurians did not think much of humans, considering them to be mere apes and despising them for destroying the terrestrial environment. (TV: Cold Blood [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010).)
Humans had an instinctive fear of Silurians, known as the race memory malaise. (PROSE: Blood Heat [+]Jim Mortimore, Virgin New Adventures (Virgin Books, 1993).)
Other[]
The Silurians were one of the species that the Skithra stole technology from. (TV: Nikola Tesla's Night of Terror [+]Nina Métivier, Doctor Who series 12 (BBC One, 2020).)
Technology[]
The Silurians made many advancements unknown to humans.
Genetic modification[]
The Silurians had advanced genetic capabilities. They brought species back from extinction, including many dinosaurs. (PROSE: Blood Heat [+]Jim Mortimore, Virgin New Adventures (Virgin Books, 1993).) They could modify species, as they did with the Myrka. (TV: Warriors of the Deep [+]Johnny Byrne, Doctor Who season 21 (BBC1, 1984).) They created a genetically engineered plague, which they once used against early humans who invaded their crop settlements. This disease was highly virulent and was used as a form of "pest control". (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Malcolm Hulke, Doctor Who season 7 (BBC1, 1970).) Despite this, they had problems with Silurian/Sea Devil hybrids' deficiencies. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Gary Russell, Virgin Missing Adventures (Virgin Books, 1996).) They also altered primitive apes to make them breed more often and to improve their flavour when eaten; using these techniques, they ultimately ended up creating the ancestors of humanity. (AUDIO: Bloodtide [+]Jonathan Morris, Main Range (Big Finish Productions, 2001).)
The Silurians processed their own food and didn't rely on harvesting animals or plants (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Gary Russell, Virgin Missing Adventures (Virgin Books, 1996).) except in times of famine. (PROSE: Blood Heat [+]Jim Mortimore, Virgin New Adventures (Virgin Books, 1993).) The Silurians could bio-program soil, causing it to react to certain events and respond, generally by dragging people underground. (TV: The Hungry Earth [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010).)
Medicine[]
The Silurians were capable of advanced decontamination, removing diseases and poisons from the body. (TV: Cold Blood [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010).)
Weaponry[]
Silurians generally relied on their third eye for defensive purposes, using technology to enhance their power. (PROSE: Blood Heat [+]Jim Mortimore, Virgin New Adventures (Virgin Books, 1993).) They used Silurian battlecruisers, which were organic in structure, for transportation and offensive purposes. (TV: Warriors of the Deep [+]Johnny Byrne, Doctor Who season 21 (BBC1, 1984).)
The Silurians underneath Wales in 2020 used guns reminiscent of Sea Devil guns which could fire fatal energy beams. They also wore armour and used special masks that covered their faces and allowed them to scan objects. (TV: The Hungry Earth [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010)./Cold Blood [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010).) In an alternate timeline, these guns were utilised by the Cyber-Silurians of prehistoric Earth, although their barrels were coloured blue instead of green. (COMIC: Supremacy of the Cybermen [+]George Mann and Cavan Scott, Titan summer events (Titan Comics, 2016).)
Another type of weapon used was the Silurian blaster. (TV: Nikola Tesla's Night of Terror [+]Nina Métivier, Doctor Who series 12 (BBC One, 2020).)
Travel technology[]
Silurians also utilised numerous forms of transport, such as aeroplanes, (PROSE: Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters [+]Malcolm Hulke, adapted from Doctor Who and the Silurians (Malcolm Hulke), Target novelisations (Target Books, 1974)., The Scales of Injustice [+]Gary Russell, Virgin Missing Adventures (Virgin Books, 1996).) cars, ships and submarines. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Gary Russell, Virgin Missing Adventures (Virgin Books, 1996).)
Silurian Arks were a type of spaceship created by the Silurians, with one originally designed to ensure the survival of a group of Silurians and several dinosaur specimens from the formation of Earth's moon, (TV: Dinosaurs on a Spaceship [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 7 (BBC One, 2012).) as an alternative to the hibernation units used by the other Silurians. (TV: The Hungry Earth [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010)., Cold Blood [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010).) Silurian Arks were also used during the Siege of Trenzalore. (TV: The Time of the Doctor [+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who Christmas Special 2013 (BBC One, 2013).) In an alternate timeline, the Cyber-Silurians produced entire armies of Cyber-Arks, Silurian Arks designed to quickly seed whole planets with Cyber-Technology. A workshop of at least one of these Arks was transformed into a mass conversion chamber. (COMIC: Supremacy of the Cybermen [+]George Mann and Cavan Scott, Titan summer events (Titan Comics, 2016).)
Miscellaneous technology[]
Silurians had cryogenic technology which they used to preserve their civilisation when they believed the Earth was in danger. (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Malcolm Hulke, Doctor Who season 7 (BBC1, 1970).) These had alarms for when the colony was threatened. (TV: The Hungry Earth [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010)./Cold Blood [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010).)
They could use gravity bubbles to travel to and from the surface. (TV: The Hungry Earth [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010)./Cold Blood [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010).) They also had mechanical airships, which Bernice Summerfield used and found to be of high quality. (PROSE: St Anthony's Fire [+]Mark Gatiss, Virgin New Adventures (Virgin Books, 1994).) They had some holographic technology. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Gary Russell, Virgin Missing Adventures (Virgin Books, 1996).)
They could modify the atmosphere, increasing the temperature in certain areas. (PROSE: Blood Heat [+]Jim Mortimore, Virgin New Adventures (Virgin Books, 1993).) They had the ability to disperse the Van Allen belt using a molecular disperser, which would have left Earth defenceless against cosmic radiation in an attempt to exterminate humanity. (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Malcolm Hulke, Doctor Who season 7 (BBC1, 1970).)
Silurians could create force fields to trap an entire village, controlling the amount of light that got in (effectively making it night). (TV: The Hungry Earth [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010).) They also had wrist devices. (TV: Warriors of the Deep [+]Johnny Byrne, Doctor Who season 21 (BBC1, 1984).)
The Silurians invented candles which could induce lucid dreams, allowing people to communicate across time and space. (TV: The Name of the Doctor [+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who series 7 (BBC One, 2013).) They used sonic lanterns to corral dinosaurs. (TV: Deep Breath [+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who series 8 (BBC One, 2014).)
Cyber-conversion[]
The Cyber-Silurians of an alternate timeline used organic pods as cyber-conversion machines. Although predominantly used to slowly cyber-convert Silurians by "growing" cybernetic implants onto their flesh, these pods were also capable of converting Time Lords such as the Eleventh Doctor; in the latter's case, the Doctor's body was slowly enveloped by metal implants that grew over his body. Additionally, Cyber-Silurians rode on dinosaurs with cybernetic implants on their faces; these dinosaurs were weak to the Eleventh Doctor's sonic screwdriver. (COMIC: Supremacy of the Cybermen [+]George Mann and Cavan Scott, Titan summer events (Titan Comics, 2016).)
History[]
Dominance[]
The Silurians were the original masters of Earth. (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Malcolm Hulke, Doctor Who season 7 (BBC1, 1970).) According to historians, a group of Silurians evolved into the Sea Devils during a period of tectonic upheaval, when conditions on the land deteriorated and the Silurians had to spend more time feeding and breeding in the sea until it became their sole habitat. (PROSE: The Monster Vault [+]Jonathan Morris and Penny CS Andrews, The Monster Vault (Penguin Group, 2020).) On 28 January 425,000,000 BC, the Silurians signed a peace deal with the Sea Devils. (PROSE: Time Traveller's Diary [+]Chris Farnell, BBC Children's Books (2020).)
Both the Silurians and Sea Devils were led by the Triad, their "custodians". (TV: Warriors of the Deep [+]Johnny Byrne, Doctor Who season 21 (BBC1, 1984).) In the early era of their rule, there were many stories of the rise of their civilisation. One noted legendary warrior chieftain was Masz K'll of the Third Dynasty, who fought against his evil alter-ego, the legendary Two-Faced Lizard. Another figure was Panun E'Ni, who was the leader of the Southern Clan and conquered much of the world, which he ruled cruelly for a brief period until his defeat at the hands of Tun W'lzz. Following that event, the previously imprisoned and cast out tribes came together in a new, more unified civilisation that ate their foes. Whether these were folk stories or historical facts was of no importance to them, as they inspired the Earth Reptiles for a millennium, with many of these writings left within their Hall of Heroes. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Gary Russell, Virgin Missing Adventures (Virgin Books, 1996).)
In this era, the Silurians co-existed in groups of clans that lived alongside the original ape primitives that were developing on their planet. As a lesser species, these hominids became the primary livestock of the Silurians. In order to improve their flavour, a Silurian scientist by the name of Tulok began to genetically engineer the apes. This led to a faster breeding cycle as well as intelligence, creating early Homo sapiens. For his genetic crimes, the Silurians banished Tulok and his creations to die in the coming cataclysm. (AUDIO: Bloodtide [+]Jonathan Morris, Main Range (Big Finish Productions, 2001).) These primitive, ape-like men began to hunt in packs and attacked the Silurians. (COMIC: Twilight of the Silurians [+]Steve Moore, DWM backup comic stories (Marvel Comics, 1980).) They also began to prey on the crops of the Silurians, leading the Earth Reptiles to use plagues to exterminate them. (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Malcolm Hulke, Doctor Who season 7 (BBC1, 1970).) The Silurians were also afflicted by the plagues of the red leech. (TV: The Crimson Horror [+]Mark Gatiss, Doctor Who series 7 (BBC One, 2013).)
At the height of their civilisation, the Silurians lived in cities of metal, and had uncontested dominion over the planet. (COMIC: Twilight of the Silurians [+]Steve Moore, DWM backup comic stories (Marvel Comics, 1980).) They had as many political factions as mankind would have. (AUDIO: Call to Arms [+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)
However, this era was cut short. Some of their scientists, such as Doctor Wolik, calculated that a small planetoid was destined to draw the atmosphere away from Earth when it passed very close to it, preventing the surface from being breathable, (PROSE: Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters [+]Malcolm Hulke, adapted from Doctor Who and the Silurians (Malcolm Hulke), Target novelisations (Target Books, 1974)., COMIC: Twilight of the Silurians [+]Steve Moore, DWM backup comic stories (Marvel Comics, 1980).) wiping out "all life". (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Malcolm Hulke, Doctor Who season 7 (BBC1, 1970).) Others, such as Nagara, believed it to be a simple scare story, while Soron's figures showed it would miss Earth completely, (COMIC: Twilight of the Silurians [+]Steve Moore, DWM backup comic stories (Marvel Comics, 1980).) although the government had ordered the construction of shelters where Silurians would remain in suspended animation (PROSE: Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters [+]Malcolm Hulke, adapted from Doctor Who and the Silurians (Malcolm Hulke), Target novelisations (Target Books, 1974)., COMIC: Twilight of the Silurians [+]Steve Moore, DWM backup comic stories (Marvel Comics, 1980).) when the small planetoid first appeared. (PROSE: Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters [+]Malcolm Hulke, adapted from Doctor Who and the Silurians (Malcolm Hulke), Target novelisations (Target Books, 1974).)
The planetoid appeared either two (PROSE: Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters [+]Malcolm Hulke, adapted from Doctor Who and the Silurians (Malcolm Hulke), Target novelisations (Target Books, 1974). or twelve years before the great hibernation took place. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Gary Russell, Virgin Missing Adventures (Virgin Books, 1996).) Either way, the hibernation process took a while with different clans, sub-species, and factions hibernating at different times and places. (AUDIO: Call to Arms [+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.) The Third Doctor repeated the claim to Marc Marshall that the Silurians built the shelters when they thought the planet would "suck away" Earth's atmosphere as it rushed by. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Gary Russell, Virgin Missing Adventures (Virgin Books, 1996).) Conversely, the Fifth Doctor recalled that the Silurian astronomers predicted that Earth was about to be "struck" by the planet at the time, (PROSE: Warriors of the Deep [+]Terrance Dicks, adapted from Warriors of the Deep (Johnny Byrne), Target novelisations (Target Books, 1984).) and the Eleventh Doctor described the trajectory of the planet the astronomers had predicted as a "crash course". (TV: Cold Blood [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010).)
When the planet was days away from causing the calculated catastrophe, the Silurians agreed to take refuge inside their shelters, so their civilisation could survive the coming disaster and reclaim their world once the danger had passed. (PROSE: Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters [+]Malcolm Hulke, adapted from Doctor Who and the Silurians (Malcolm Hulke), Target novelisations (Target Books, 1974)., COMIC: Twilight of the Silurians [+]Steve Moore, DWM backup comic stories (Marvel Comics, 1980).)
One group of late Silurians decided to leave Earth in order to escape the "destructive impact". Boarding the Silurian Ark, a spaceship carrying Silurians and several species of dinosaur, they placed themselves in suspended animation, with the ship programmed to bring them back to Earth long after the effects of the upcoming disaster had dissipated. (TV: Dinosaurs on a Spaceship [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 7 (BBC One, 2012).) The Ark was launched on 4 June 100,000,000 BC. (PROSE: Time Traveller's Diary [+]Chris Farnell, BBC Children's Books (2020).)
The Silurians were divided on the matter of a mating between the land castes and aquatic castes. Normally, such matings were forbidden, and any offspring were killed along with their parents. However, facing the threat of a global cataclysm, they allowed a colony of such hybrids to remain in their Shelter under the island of L'Ithe. With the rest of the Silurian race, they took part in the great hibernation. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Gary Russell, Virgin Missing Adventures (Virgin Books, 1996).)
The Silurians sealed themselves in their underground hibernation units, (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Malcolm Hulke, Doctor Who season 7 (BBC1, 1970).) along with a male and female of all the more useful reptile animals, (PROSE: Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters [+]Malcolm Hulke, adapted from Doctor Who and the Silurians (Malcolm Hulke), Target novelisations (Target Books, 1974). and planned to suspend their lives until the atmosphere returned, (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Malcolm Hulke, Doctor Who season 7 (BBC1, 1970)., COMIC: Twilight of the Silurians [+]Steve Moore, DWM backup comic stories (Marvel Comics, 1980).) by using a device on the ground above each shelter containing the hibernation units which would automatically trigger a massive amount of electricity to wake the Silurians once the atmosphere returned to normal. (PROSE: Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters [+]Malcolm Hulke, adapted from Doctor Who and the Silurians (Malcolm Hulke), Target novelisations (Target Books, 1974).
However, they were unaware the dangerous planetoid that they predicted would draw away the atmosphere was instead drawn into Earth's orbit and became the Moon. As a result, the Silurians were never revived, as the atmosphere was not drawn away for it to return to the planet. (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Malcolm Hulke, Doctor Who season 7 (BBC1, 1970).) Although the atmosphere was never completely drawn off and the creatures on the surface did not suffocate, many mammalian life forms perished, while others survived, due to the great forces caused by the Moon's appearance creating cyclones and tidal waves. (PROSE: Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters [+]Malcolm Hulke, adapted from Doctor Who and the Silurians (Malcolm Hulke), Target novelisations (Target Books, 1974). During millions of years of hibernation, the reactivation machinery of the hibernation units deteriorated, (TV: The Sea Devils [+]Malcolm Hulke, Doctor Who television story season 9 (BBC1, 1972).) leaving an unknown number of Silurians, possibly billions of them, trapped in sleep. (AUDIO: The Silurian Candidate [+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)
Despite their intentions to punish Tulok, the renegade Silurian scientist instead sabotaged a number of the hibernation chambers and destroyed them. (AUDIO: Bloodtide [+]Jonathan Morris, Main Range (Big Finish Productions, 2001).)
The Arkive tried to attract the Silurians to Saturn in order to repair itself. Though the Silurians noticed one of Saturn's moons being destroyed, they were too busy preparing for the disaster to investigate. (PROSE: The Wheel of Ice [+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)
Awakenings[]
Over the millions of years since their rule, many of the Silurians' prominent structures such as the Hall of Heroes were lost to erosion and plate movement which erased any traces of their ancient civilisation. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Gary Russell, Virgin Missing Adventures (Virgin Books, 1996).) After millions of years, some of the Silurian hibernation units were activated and opened in a world now ruled by humanity.
In 102, a number of Silurian Hunters were part of the Alliance that imprisoned the Eleventh Doctor in the Pandorica. (TV: The Pandorica Opens [+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010).)
In the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, (TV: Co-Owner of a Lonely Heart [+]Patrick Ness, Class television stories series 1 (BBC Three, 2016).) some Silurians seemingly awoke and battled Norman cavalry. This battle was depicted in the Bayeux Tapestry. (GRAPHIC: Knights [+]GB Eye framed prints (GB Eye, 2013).)
19th century[]
Charles Darwin and the HMS Beagle expedition, along with the Sixth Doctor and Evelyn Smythe, encountered a rogue Silurian group in the Galápagos Islands. The leader of this group was Tulok, who claimed to be responsible for creating humanity's prehistoric ancestors via a forbidden breeding program. (AUDIO: Bloodtide [+]Jonathan Morris, Main Range (Big Finish Productions, 2001).)
Prior to 1888, a group of Silurians was awoken by the digging of the London Underground. This led to the death of several navvies. Vastra, a skilled Silurian warrior who had been awoken by their digging, wanted revenge. The Doctor convinced her to live peacefully in London. In 1888 she resided with her human partner Jenny, although she fed on human criminals. Then, she and several of her soldiers were called up by the Doctor to fight at the Battle of Demon's Run. (TV: Lua error in Module:Cite_source at line 420: attempt to index a nil value.) Vastra subsequently became the leader of the Paternoster Gang, protecting the Earth of that era from threats. (TV: The Snowmen [+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who Christmas Special 2012 (BBC One, 2012)., The Crimson Horror [+]Mark Gatiss, Doctor Who series 7 (BBC One, 2013)., The Name of the Doctor [+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who series 7 (BBC One, 2013)., Deep Breath [+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who series 8 (BBC One, 2014).)
A distinct Silurian hibernation facility's reanimation unit was awoken when the Doctor drew vortex energy from London, which had become a space-time Waypoint, and its Triad emerged in Hyde Park, intent on using a Tyrannosaurus rex and the Silurian plague to wipe out the human "infestation" of the zone they deemed to be under their control. After learning that Vastra's colony had been all but wiped out, they also claimed authority over its "zone". However, their reign was short-lived with Vastra stunning the three with her tongue and putting them back in hibernation, sealing the tunnel in Hyde Park, while the Doctor took the T-rex back to its home era. One of the three humans they'd captured as prospective carriers for the plague was a Mr Doyle. (GAME: Lost in Time [+]Doctor Who video games (Eastside Games, 2022).)
In 1892, the Silurians led by their leader Vekkis found a piece of the Eternity Clock to reclaim Earth. They planned to use the power of the Clock to pump toxin to wipe out the human race. The Eleventh Doctor and River Song destroyed the toxin and took the Eternity Clock. (GAME: The Eternity Clock [+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)
Jules Verne and the Doctor once encountered Silurians and a giant squid. This incident was worked into 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, though the Doctor had some difficulties convincing Jules to remove the parts with the Silurians. (PROSE: Peacemaker [+]James Swallow, BBC New Series Adventures (BBC Books, 2007).) In 1903, after receiving a wealth of information from the future, Grigori Rasputin saw beings which lived beneath the surface of the Earth. (AUDIO: The Wanderer [+]Richard Dinnick, The Companion Chronicles (Big Finish Productions, 2012).)
20th century[]
In the late 20th century a group of Silurians were awakened from hibernation by the energy from the nearby nuclear power research centre at Wenley Moor. After disagreement between Okdel L'da and Morka over a course of action, Morka won out, killing Okdel, and the Silurians tried to reclaim the planet from humanity by releasing a deadly virus. This plan was prevented by Dr Liz Shaw of UNIT and the Third Doctor, when they had the cure mass-produced. After this plan was thwarted, they tried using their molecular disperser to destroy Earth's van Allen belt, so that the sun's radiation would burn the humans to death while allowing the cold-blooded Silurians to survive, but Liz and the Doctor stopped them again when they overloaded the disperser and the facility's reactor. Despite the Doctor's best efforts to broker a peaceful solution, the Silurian base was bombed by UNIT by order of Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart. (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Malcolm Hulke, Doctor Who season 7 (BBC1, 1970).)
While in some accounts the tribe were said to have been killed as stated by the Third Doctor, (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Malcolm Hulke, Doctor Who season 7 (BBC1, 1970).) the Eleventh Doctor, (TV: Cold Blood [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010).) and Madame Vastra, (AUDIO: Rescue [+]David K Barnes, Redacted (BBC Sounds, 2022).) according to another account, the Third Doctor said they were only entombed. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Gary Russell, Virgin Missing Adventures (Virgin Books, 1996).) Shortly afterwards, a second base was awoken in Oregon, and was likewise dealt with by UNIT. (PROSE: The Devil Goblins from Neptune [+]Martin Day and Keith Topping, BBC Past Doctor Adventures (BBC Books, 1997).)
Following this, the Silurian-Sea Devil hybrids Baal D'jo and Tahni kidnapped the human boy Marc Marshall, and took him to their shelter under the island of L'Ithe to experiment on him. They intended to prolong the hybrids' short lifespan, but Baal later allowed Marc to be returned to the British mainland when Marc's presence in the shelter no longer suited the hybrids. When the shelter's leader Chukk was killed by a C19 agent, Baal and Tahni's power-hungry mother Auggi D'jo took over and intended to take back Earth from humanity. Her fleet was pushed back by UNIT on the Kent coast. Baal and Tahni took over the shelter, while Auggi escaped in her battlecruiser. Liz offered to continue to help the hybrids find a cure for their condition. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Gary Russell, Virgin Missing Adventures (Virgin Books, 1996).)
In the aftermath of Wenley Moor, UNIT began a search for any other colonies using a device invented by the Doctor. Mike Yates was involved while Benton trooped around the country. Standard protocols were to keep an eye on the Silurians and make sure they stayed asleep and alive. Some colonies would awaken over time but, when seeing how many humans there were, opt to return to hibernation. (AUDIO: Call to Arms [+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)
In 1983, Sarah Jane Smith and K9, while visiting Warren Martyn's archaeological expedition in Egypt, discovered an underground city of Silurians and Sea Devils. Sarah Jane opened diplomatic relations with them. On her return to England, she contacted the Brigadier, who wished to make amends for his earlier mistakes. (COMIC: City of Devils [+]Gary Russell, DWM backup comic stories (Marvel Comics, 1992).)
21st century[]
By 2003 there were Silurians serving as part of UNIT, in particular Imorkal, who worked with Liz at Tranquillity Moonbase located on Earth's Moon. (PROSE: Eternity Weeps [+]Jim Mortimore, Virgin New Adventures (Virgin Books, 1997).) In the Summer of 2004, the Ninth Doctor rescued two children from "lizard people" in Castleton, in the Peak District. (PROSE: Have You Seen This Man? [+]various authors, Who is Doctor Who? (BBC, 2005).) Also in 2004, Sir Alistair helped the Silurians try to finally make peace with the humans, though the general public believed it to be a stunt involving men in rubber suits. (AUDIO: The Coup [+]Simon Guerrier, UNIT (Big Finish Productions, 2004).) Later, the Silurians aided UNIT in finding a cure for a plague. (AUDIO: The Wasting [+]Iain McLaughlin and Claire Bartlett, UNIT (Big Finish Productions, 2005).)
In late 2010, a fossilised Silurian egg was discovered by the Pharos Institute. Sarah Jane went to the institute to take a look at it. (TV: SJAF 6 [+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)
In the 2010s, a Silurian was a resident of the hidden trap street in London which housed lost aliens on Earth under the protection of Mayor Me. As with the rest of the inhabitants it appeared cloaked in human form through use of the lurkworms. (TV: Face the Raven [+]Sarah Dollard, Doctor Who series 9 (BBC One, 2015).)
In 2020, a Silurian city in Wales was awoken by a mining trial led by Nasreen Chaudhry and Tony Mack. (TV: The Hungry Earth [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010).) The giant drill had attacked the Silurians' oxygen pockets. (TV: Cold Blood [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010).) The Silurians took corpses from a graveyard for study, as well as Mo Northover and later Amy Pond as living subjects. Eventually they contained the village in a force field and captured Elliot Northover. Alaya came to the surface and was captured. While the Eleventh Doctor and Nasreen travelled to the Silurian city to negotiate her return for Mo, Elliot and Amy, Alaya was guarded by Tony, Rory Williams and Ambrose Northover. (TV: The Hungry Earth [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010).) The Eleventh Doctor and Nasreen were captured, while Amy and Mo escaped.
After an abortive rescue attempt, the Doctor was able to convince the Silurian leader, Eldane, to negotiate with Amy and Nasreen for the future of both their races. Back on the surface, Ambrose tried to help her family and threatened Alaya, accidentally killing her just as the group were summoned to the city. She also set the drill to start burrowing again in fifteen minutes. Alaya's death, and Ambrose's threat to the city, was received badly, especially by Alaya's sister, Restac, who tried to kill all the humans in retribution. Eldane managed to lead the Doctor and his friends to a laboratory. He released a deadly gas into the city, forcing Restac's troops to return to their hibernation. The Doctor stopped the drilling by destroying the drill with an energy pulse, which also sealed off the city in a cave-in. The timer was set for a thousand years to permit a second chance at negotiation. (TV: Cold Blood [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010).)
By 2023, Kate Stewart of UNIT was negotiating a fragile peace with the Silurians and losing sleep about how long it could be maintained. She'd also had to attend a Silurian funeral after the leader of a junta somewhere had broken into a nest to grubby civil war and she'd then had to sit down with the nest's leader and keep him from wiping out an entire country in retaliation. (PROSE: The Giggle [+]James Goss, adapted from The Giggle (Russell T Davies), Target novelisations (Target Books, 2024).)
After the end of the Giggle crisis, the Silurian Triad was one of the governmental bodies that Kate had to report the ending of the crisis to. (PROSE: The Giggle [+]James Goss, adapted from The Giggle (Russell T Davies), Target novelisations (Target Books, 2024).)
Circa 2084, a group of Silurians allied themselves with the Sea Devils to invade Sea Base 4. They attempted to launch nuclear weapons to provoke a war between the two major power blocs. They were killed when the Fifth Doctor, perceiving no more peaceful option, flooded the base with hexachromite gas in order to kill them. (TV: Warriors of the Deep [+]Johnny Byrne, Doctor Who season 21 (BBC1, 1984).)
Post-contact[]
At some point after the 2084 incident, a human colony faced a devastating war against the Earth Reptiles. Humans developed a doomsday device which they placed in a base around the moon colony, designed to scour the surface of the satellite. To combat this, the Earth Reptiles dispatched Qurra to infiltrate the base and take it over. However, she was unaware of an entertainer called Jen Yates who was not on the crew count, and this last survivor managed to activate the weapon, killing everyone in the colony. Though Qurra killed Jen, the shock of the event led to Qurra taking on the entertainer's personality to shield her from the truth. She believed that she was now human and that she was guarding the weapon alone in case the Earth Reptiles won the war. After a visit by the Seventh Doctor, Qurra remembered the past and killed herself by walking onto the surface of the moon without a spacesuit. (PROSE: Cold War [+]Rebecca Levene, Short Trips: Steel Skies (Short Trips, 2003).)
In 2367, Solomon sent a distress signal to the Silurian Ark. Realising that there were valuable dinosaurs on board, he and his robots slaughtered the Silurian crew. Unable to pilot the ship to his destination as it required two pilots with the same gene-chain, the Ark headed back to Earth where it was detected by the ISA. The Doctor formed a gang to investigate the ship after learning of the situation and to save the ship from being shot down by the ISA. As the ship came under threat of destruction, it was piloted to safety by Brian and Rory Williams who had the same gene-chain as they were father and son while the missiles were tricked into destroying Solomon's ship instead. In the aftermath, the dinosaurs were taken from the Ark and transported to a new home on Siluria by the Doctor and Brian. (TV: Dinosaurs on a Spaceship [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 7 (BBC One, 2012).)
By the 26th century, the inter-species conflicts appeared to have come to an end. Silurians and Sea Devils were accepted into Earth society, and the term "Earth Reptile" was apparently popularised among humans. A small squadron of Silurian vessels fought and drove off the Dalek force at the Battle of Alpha Centauri during the Second Dalek War. (PROSE: Love and War [+]Paul Cornell, Virgin New Adventures (Virgin Books, 1992).)
During the 29th century, when solar flares were threatening to engulf the Earth, the Silurians built a spacecraft, surreptitiously attaching it to the bottom of the humans' own. After takeoff, a Dalek attack caused the Silurian ship to break away from the humans. (GAME: Evacuation Earth [+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)
In the 30th century, the Earth Reptiles were part of the Earth Empire, considered full members of the government as an Earthborn species. (PROSE: So Vile a Sin [+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)
One thousand years after the encounter at Cwmtaff, Eldane's clan were scheduled to reawaken and unite with humanity and their Earth Reptile cousins. (TV: Cold Blood [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010).)
In the 32nd century, it became illegal on Dramos to trade in Earth Reptile pituitary analogue extract. (PROSE: Burning Heart [+]Dave Stone, Virgin Missing Adventures (Virgin Books, 1997).)
In 3110, a Silurian was running the Musée d'Orsay when the Eleventh Doctor visited it. (PROSE: The War of Art [+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)
Around the 52nd century, a group of armed Silurian warriors resembling those from Wales were called upon by the Eleventh Doctor to help him in the Battle of Demon's Run to rescue Amy Pond. Many of these Silurians were killed by the Headless Monks. (TV: Lua error in Module:Cite_source at line 420: attempt to index a nil value.)
In the 67th century, a Wenley Moor-type Silurian appeared among the Perils of the Constant Division listed in a vid-briefing aboard the hospital ship Tsuranga. (TV: The Tsuranga Conundrum [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 11 (BBC One, 2018).)
In the 91st century, a Silurian actor starred as the protagonist of a film adaptation of H. G. Wells' The Time Machine spoken in haiku. (PROSE: Synthespians™ [+]Craig Hinton, BBC Past Doctor Adventures (BBC Books, 2004).)
In the 101st century, the Earth Reptiles were part of the Union. (PROSE: The Crystal Bucephalus [+]Craig Hinton, Virgin Missing Adventures (Virgin Books, 1994).)
Undated events[]
A Silurian visited Beachelguese with a Sea Devil and a Macra. (COMIC: Surfshock [+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)
At least one Silurian Hunter was abducted and sent to face their fear in the Minotaur's Prison Ship. (TV: The God Complex [+]Toby Whithouse, Doctor Who series 6 (BBC One, 2011).)
A dead Silurian was seen on a battlefield. A Corvid fed on its mind. (COMIC: The Highgate Horror [+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)
A Silurian called Wanda trapped humans in the monkey enclosure in the zoo. (COMIC: Untitled [+]Rachael Smith, Doctor Who: The Tenth Doctor backup comic stories (2017).)
The Tremas Master attempted to kill the Doctor's ally the Graak with a group of Silurians. (GAME: Destiny of the Doctors [+]Hannah Redler, Gary Russell, Terrance Dicks and Andy Russell, BBC Multimedia (1997).)
Silurian Arks were present above Trenzalore when they were drawn there by the First Question. They retreated or burned during the Siege of Trenzalore when the Daleks broke through the planetary force field of the Papal Mainframe and intense fighting began. (TV: The Time of the Doctor [+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who Christmas Special 2013 (BBC One, 2013).)
A Silurian was at Florana when the Eleventh Doctor, Amy, and Rory went there for their summer holiday. (COMIC: Summer Wholiday [+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)
The Silurians joined Rassilon's Alliance of Races in the Great Inferno, the war with Hyperions. (COMIC: Terrorformer [+]Robbie Morrison, Doctor Who: The Twelfth Doctor (Titan Comics, 2014).) After the Hyperions were defeated, the Alliance then went on to purge the universe of other threats to universal harmony, one of those threats being Count D'if of the Cybock Imperium. (COMIC: Gangland [+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW.)
Alternate histories[]
In one alternate version of the 1970s, the Third Doctor having died during the Wenley Moor incident, the Silurians ruled Earth unchecked. They reintroduced dinosaurs into Earth's ecosystem and reduced the surviving humans into powerless scavengers. (PROSE: Blood Heat [+]Jim Mortimore, Virgin New Adventures (Virgin Books, 1993).)
Another alternate history branched out from the same incident. In this timeline, the Third Doctor and the Brigadier died during the same incident. However the Silurians, Sea Devils and humans now lived in peace under the URIC or United Races Intelligence Command, formerly known as UNIT. (COMIC: Final Genesis [+]Warwick Gray, DWM Comics (Marvel Comics, 1993).)
In an alternate timeline created by the Black Guardian where the First Doctor never left Gallifrey, and became Lord President, the Silurians and the Sea Devils fought over Earth with a number of alien invaders such as the Zygons, the Ice Warriors and the Sontarans. This timeline was destroyed when the Seventh Doctor retrieved the Key to Time. (COMIC: Time & Time Again [+]Paul Cornell, DWM Comics (Marvel Comics, 1993).)
In a world where all of history occurred at once, Silurians lived alongside humans. Malohkeh served as physician to the Holy Roman Emperor, Winston Churchill. (TV: The Wedding of River Song [+]Steven Moffat, Doctor Who series 6 (BBC One, 2011).)
In an alternate timeline where the Cybermen used Time Lord resources to conquer all of history, the Silurians of prehistoric Earth were converted into Cyber-Silurians and transformed Silurian Arks into Cyber-Arks, with the intention of launching the Arks into space and seeding the universe with Cyber-Technology before humanity could begin to evolve. The Eleventh Doctor and Alice Obiefune attempted to stop the Cyber-Silurians, but the Doctor was upgraded into the Cyberiad onboard a Cyber-Ark after teleporting Alice out to escape several newly-awakened Cyber-Silurians. The Doctor used his new cyber-connection to deactivate the emotional inhibitors of the Cyber-Silurians; in retaliation, the Cyberiad killed all the Cyber-Silurians and immediately launched the full Cyber-Ark fleet. However, following the Twelfth Doctor and Rassilon's regeneration of the universe via the Eye of Harmony on Gallifrey, these events, and, by extension, the rest of the timeline, were erased from history. (COMIC: Supremacy of the Cybermen [+]George Mann and Cavan Scott, Titan summer events (Titan Comics, 2016).)
Parallel dimensions[]
When Avalon was created as a shelter for the Catuvellauni, some Silurians were unintentionally brought there as well. Their descendants were known as the Fair Folk. (PROSE: The Shadows of Avalon [+]Paul Cornell, BBC Eighth Doctor Adventures (BBC Books, 2000).)
The Silurians of Mondas[]
- Main article: Lizard King
Lizard Kings were the Mondasian counterparts of the Silurians, much as humans and the Mondasians were identical. (COMIC: The Dead Heart [+]Alan Barnes, The Cybermen (1994).)
References[]
In the video game Happy Deathday, played by Izzy Sinclair on the Time-Space Visualiser, a Silurian was among a host of "every single enemy" that the Doctor had ever defeated, who were assembled by the Beige Guardian and pitted against the Doctor's first eight incarnations. (COMIC: Happy Deathday [+]Scott Gray, DWM Comics (Panini Comics, 1998).)
Jack Harkness stated that the Doctor had once mentioned something described in Silurian mythology that could have been the Blessing. (TV: The Blood Line [+]Russell T Davies and Jane Espenson, Torchwood series 4 (Starz, 2011).)
The Twelfth Doctor said "It's the Silurians all over again" when Clara Oswald named the Sandmen. (TV: Sleep No More [+]Mark Gatiss, Doctor Who series 9 (BBC One, 2015).)
A Silurian blaster was among the technology appropriated by the Skithra. This was recognised by the Thirteenth Doctor, though her Team TARDIS companions were unfamiliar with them, with Graham O'Brien pronouncing their name as "Slymurian". (TV: Nikola Tesla's Night of Terror [+]Nina Métivier, Doctor Who series 12 (BBC One, 2020).)
Parallel universes[]
In the Unbound Universe, the Silurians were rendered extinct when Mike Yates time travelled back to their era and detonated nuclear warheads, killing them all. (AUDIO: Sympathy for the Devil [+]Jonathan Clements, Doctor Who Unbound (Big Finish Productions, 2003).)
Behind the scenes[]
Dating issue[]
The era of the Silurians have never been consistently or clearly dated.
- In the television story Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Malcolm Hulke, Doctor Who season 7 (BBC1, 1970)., the Silurians were seen to have a globe from some point before the Great Continental Drift of 200 million years ago, which was the late Triassic period. In the same scene, the Third Doctor discovered calculations about the age of the Earth inside Dr Quinn's office with particular reference to the Silurian era (roughly 440 million to 415 million years ago).
- Narration in the novelisation Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters [+]Malcolm Hulke, adapted from Doctor Who and the Silurians (Malcolm Hulke), Target novelisations (Target Books, 1974). mentions that the sunset Okdel L'da sees before going into hibernation was "the last time he was to see the sun for a hundred million years".
- The Third Doctor mused in the television story The Sea Devils [+]Malcolm Hulke, Doctor Who television story season 9 (BBC1, 1972). that the Eocene period (roughly 55 million to 35 million years ago) would have been a more accurate dating, although this was millions of years after the dinosaurs (which the Silurians were shown using) were believed to have become extinct and (more importantly) millions of years before the earliest ape-like humans appeared.
- In the television story The Hungry Earth [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010)., the Eleventh Doctor told Alaya that she was "300 million years outside of your comfort zone", which would place them around the late Carboniferous, although later in the same episode he referenced that they were sometimes called Eocenes.
- In said story, it is stated that the Silurians went into hiding due to them mistakenly believing that the moon coming into orbit would destroy the planet; however the moon came into orbit roughly 1,000,000,000 years before life evolved on Earth, even on a cellular level.
- In the television story Dinosaurs on a Spaceship [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 7 (BBC One, 2012)., the dinosaurs in the Silurian Ark are native to the Cretaceous period. On the other hand, the novel Blood Heat [+]Jim Mortimore, Virgin New Adventures (Virgin Books, 1993). shows the Silurians bringing back extinct species from numerous time periods.
- Silurians tended to make references to early apes, which are believed to have evolved at some point between 40 and 15 million years ago, or the late Eocene to the Miocene period. Mammalian pets of the Silurians, which eventually evolved into humans, are also depicted in the prologue of the Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters novelisation.
- The novel The Quantum Archangel [+]Craig Hinton, BBC Past Doctor Adventures (BBC Books, 2001). suggests that the Moon was orbiting the Earth before 150 million years ago, which means the Silurians ruled before the Jurassic.
- The novel The Wheel of Ice [+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW. states that the Silurians were preparing for the disaster 50 million years ago, again placing them in the Eocene.
- However, the television story Kill the Moon [+]Peter Harness, Doctor Who series 8 (BBC One, 2014). (set in 2049) has the Twelfth Doctor describe the Moon as a "little planetoid that's been tagging along beside [the human race] for a hundred million years", which would mean the Silurians placed themselves into suspended animation during the Cretaceous period.
- The television story The Crimson Horror [+]Mark Gatiss, Doctor Who series 7 (BBC One, 2013). has a species from the same era, the red leech. Madame Vastra states that she last saw one 65 million years before 1893, while the Eleventh Doctor plans to return it to the Jurassic period.
- In the comic story The Crystal Throne [+]Error: Code 2 - no data stored in variables, cache or SMW., Madame Vastra tells Lady Cornelia Basildon-Stone that she learnt to fight while the human race "still had tails".
- The bookazine TEDW 5 claims the Silurians ruled during the late Cretaceous era, and the planetoid that approached the Earth caused the Silurian Ark to leave Earth, and the Silurians that were left behind to hide to go into hibernation, "circa 65,000,000 BC".
- The audio story The Cars That Ate London! [+]Jonathan Morris, Heritage 1 (The Paternoster Gang: Heritage, Big Finish Productions, 2019). has Jenny Flint claiming that Vastra was born 65 million years before the 19th century.
- Time Traveller's Diary [+]Chris Farnell, BBC Children's Books (2020). claims that both the Silurians and the Sea Devils co-existed as early as 425,000,000 BC, and dates the launch of the Silurian Ark seen in Dinosaurs on a Spaceship to 100,000,000 BC.
- The Monster Vault [+]Jonathan Morris and Penny CS Andrews, The Monster Vault (Penguin Group, 2020). addresses the dating issue of the Silurians. Claiming that they first emerged "about 350 million years ago", the book acknowledges reports of Silurians being active in multiple prehistoric time periods and explains that numerous groups of Silurians had went into hibernation at different times to avoid various incoming disasters, including but not limited to the coming of the Moon. This is also used to explain the appearance of multiple Silurian subspecies, as the remaining groups of Silurians would continue to evolve over thousands of years whilst others went into hibernation.
Naming issue[]
Another name given in Blood Heat [+]Jim Mortimore, Virgin New Adventures (Virgin Books, 1993)., Psionosauropodamorphae, translates as psychic lizard-foot shaped. This may be intended to suggest a connection between the Silurians and the sauropod family of dinosaurs, though this seems unlikely given the near-total lack of physical resemblance and the comparatively small cerebral capacity of most sauropod dinosaurs. Homo reptilia, one of the suggested names used in PROSE: Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters [+]Malcolm Hulke, adapted from Doctor Who and the Silurians (Malcolm Hulke), Target novelisations (Target Books, 1974)., COMIC: City of Devils [+]Gary Russell, DWM backup comic stories (Marvel Comics, 1992)., TV: The Hungry Earth [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010)./Cold Blood [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 5 (BBC One, 2010). and Dinosaurs on a Spaceship [+]Chris Chibnall, Doctor Who series 7 (BBC One, 2012)., cannot be a scientific term. The rules governing the use of genera prevent any two separate groups within a kingdom (i.e. animals) from using the same genus.
Hence, AUDIO: Tidal Wave [+]Guy Adams, Assembled (UNIT: The New Series, Big Finish Productions, 2017). as Osgood provide a more sensible alternative, inverting that name: Reptilia sapiens.
Merchandise[]
- Dapol released action figures for both classic series variants of the Silurians, with the Warriors of the Deep variant being distinguished by the name "Armoured Silurian".
References in other media[]
- The Alan Moore graphic novel series The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen refers to lizard-men called Silurians and Sea Devils and retcons the Creature from the Black Lagoon as one of the latter.
- The Sea Devils and Silurians are shown as the original inhabitants of Earth in the steampunk graphic novel Scarlet Traces: The Great Game, which takes place in a world in which H. G. Wells' The War of the Worlds actually occurred (which is also true for the DWU).
- J. K. Woodward, who worked on the Star Trek crossover Assimilation² [+]Scott & David Tipton and Tony Lee, IDW Star Trek crossovers (IDW Publishing, 2012)., released a piece depicting a Silurian scholar and a Silurian warrior assimilated by the Borg.
External links[]
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