Bethlehem was a village in Judea. The Doctor once took Leonardo da Vinci on a trip there to attend the first Christmas around 0 BC/AD. (AUDIO: Relative Dimensions) Indeed, the Messiah was predicted to be born in Bethlehem. (PROSE: Byzantium!) The Doctor managed, through local records, to locate the date of the birth of Christ. When he took Leonardo da Vinci near the stable where the baby Jesus would be located, Leonardo would not go any closer, despite the Doctor's assurances that there was nothing to fear. (AUDIO: Relative Dimensions)
Dodo Chaplet played Mary in a nativity play, simulating pregnancy and riding into Bethlehem. (PROSE: The Man in the Velvet Mask)
In a parallel universe, the Doctor visited Bethlehem in the 1st century with Susan. (PROSE: The Innocents)
The Fifteenth Doctor was impressed when upon offering to Ruby Sunday the chance to go anywhere in time or space, she asked to see the Beatles recording their first album. He stated that people always said the Titanic or Mars or Bethlehem. (TV: The Devil's Chord)