Syria

Syria was a country on Earth which shared a border with Turkey. (PROSE: The Stone House)

Geography
Damascus (PROSE: The Stone House) and Aleppo were located in Syria. (TV: Can You Hear Me?)

History
Syria was a part of the Roman Empire during the 1st century. During this time the Roman army put down revolutions in Syria, amongst other places. According to Gemellus, a "positive slew" of men claiming to be the Jewish messiah were cropping up in Judaea and Syria during the reigns of Augustus and Tiberius. (PROSE: Byzantium!)

In 1190, Saladin was the Sultan of Syria and Egypt. (TV: The Crusade)

In 1380, the Thirteenth Doctor briefly visited the Syrian city of Aleppo. (TV: Can You Hear Me?)

In 1911, the Fifth Doctor and Vislor Turlough were guided through the Syrian desert by Ibrahim. There they found Gostak's TARDIS and a clue to Botoya, a lost moon of Gallifrey. (AUDIO: The End of the Beginning)

In 1957, archaeologist Edgar Nelson-Stanley discovered the Gorgon talisman in Syria. (TV: Eye of the Gorgon)

The United Kingdom and United States of America invaded Syria and overthrew the dictator, before handing power to the United Nations. British forces were still occupying it in 2005, when veteran Colonel Robert Dalton was pulled out on short notice to act as head of UNIT in Colonel Ross Brimmicombe-Wood's absence. Dalton would later defend the action, retorting the dictator was a threat "to democracy and the entire West[ern world]". (AUDIO: Time Heals) During the ICIS coup, one pundit pointed to Anglo-American action in Syria and Iraq as the cause of a suicide bombing. (AUDIO: The Longest Night)

In the 2010s, another war started in Syria that caused many to flee the country. (PROSE: The Stone House)

Some time before 2040, Xin Chun built dirty bombs for an al-Qa'ida cell in Syria. (PROSE: The Nuclear Option)