The Romans (TV story)

The Romans was the fourth story in season two of Doctor Who. It was the first story to have its main plot portrayed as a comedic one. This serial used the same production team as The Rescue and so both were shot in one block of filming.

This story saw the first use of stock footage for a cliffhanger; in this case, a lion. Part three, Conspiracy, was broadcast on the same day as Winston Churchill's funeral, explaining the dip in viewing figures.

David Whitaker was, by this time, seeing stories with historical figures as a liability. Despite this, The Romans was intended as the third of three historical tales, following the Spanish Armada and the American Civil War. It appears to have been Verity Lambert who convinced him to script this story as a comedy.

This was also the first time a major actor requested to be on Doctor Who. In this case, Derek Francis was given the role of Nero.

Synopsis
The four time travellers are enjoying a rare holiday, staying at a villa not far from Rome in the year A.D. 64. The Doctor soon becomes restless and sets off to visit the city, taking Vicki with him. In their absence, Ian and Barbara are kidnapped by slave traders.

Having been mistaken for the famous lyre player Maximus Pettulian and asked to perform at the Emperor Nero's court, the Doctor has to devise ever more elaborate schemes to avoid revealing that in fact he cannot actually play the instrument.

Ian meanwhile becomes a galley slave, while Barbara is sold to Nero's slave buyer Tavius at an auction in Rome. Ian and a fellow slave named Delos escape from the galley when it is wrecked in a storm and make their way to Rome to try to find and rescue Barbara.

There they are recaptured and forced to fight as gladiators in the arena. Events reach their climax when, by accidentally setting light to the Emperor's plans for the rebuilding of Rome, the Doctor gives him the idea of having the city razed to the ground. Nero plays the lyre while Rome burns, and the Doctor and Vicki as well as a reunited Ian and Barbara make their separate ways back to the villa.

The Slave Traders (1)
With the TARDIS stuck at the bottom of a cliff, the four time travellers have ingratiated themselves into an unoccupied Roman villa. The owner, Flavius Giscard, is away campaigning in Gaul. As the First Doctor and Ian recline, Barbara and Vicki walk to the nearby Roman village. At the market they are spotted by two slave traders, Didius and Sevcheria. When they return to the villa, the Doctor announces that he is off to Rome, some miles away, and will travel there with Vicki. Later that evening Barbara and Ian, now alone, are relaxing when the two slavers burst in upon them. They are soon overpowered and taken prisoner. Ian is sold to one slave owner, while Barbara is to be traded with another and sent to Rome.

The Doctor and Vicki are en route for Rome when they find the murdered body of a lyre player named Maximus Pettulian. The Doctor is holding the man’s lyre when a Centurion arrives and mistakes him for the dead man, who is late for an engagement in Rome. The Centurion accompanies them to Assisium. Once stationed at an inn there, the Centurion makes contact with the mute assassin Ascaris, who killed the real Pettulian, and instructs him to kill the Doctor. The assassin draws his sword and heads off to the Doctor’s chambers.

All Roads Lead to Rome (2)
The Doctor overpowers the assassin and, along with Vicki, drives him away through an open window. It seems the Centurion has fled, and the Doctor concludes the soldier was in league with the assassin. He decides to maintain his alias as Pettulian and head onward to Rome. Barbara is meanwhile already in the city and is soon sold in open auction for 10,000 sesterces to a man named Tavius, who is highly placed in the court of the Emperor Nero. She is to be a handmaiden to Nero's second wife, the Empress Poppaea Sabina. Tavius is a kindly man but warns that if she tries to escape her slavery that she will be killed.

The Doctor and Vicki arrive at Nero’s court too and encounter Tavius, who seems to imply to the Doctor that Pettulian is part of a secret network in which he is also a player. Further discussion is interrupted by the arrival of Nero himself, a laughable excuse for a leader who seems arrogant, vain and selfish. The Doctor cleverly avoids an extended lyre concert and they have the freedom of the court. They find the body of the Centurion who imperiled them earlier.

Ian has been confined to a galley in the Mediterranean but the craft soon runs into rough seas and is broken up. He is washed onto the nearby shore and is found by another survivor of the galley, Delos, who saves his life and removes the last of his chains. They agree to head for Rome in search of Barbara. When they reach Rome, however, they are captured by some centurions. Taken to the arena, they are set to be trained as gladiators – and their first opponents will be the lions.

Conspiracy (3)
It becomes apparent to the Doctor that Tavius had the Centurion murdered and that he too is expected to fulfill some sort of action. Nero decides the Doctor must fulfill an obligation too, and organises a banquet in his honour at which he must play the lyre. He also takes a shine to Barbara and starts to pursue her romantically – and literally – much to the anger of Empress Poppaea, who decides to have her poisoned at the Pettulian banquet. Barbara has just left the banquet chamber when the Doctor arrives, warning the Emperor that he has learnt his wine could be poisoned. It has been, as part of Poppea’s plan.

The Doctor is soon put to perform centre stage and picks up his lyre with the warning that only those with the most sensitive and perceptive hearing will be able to discern its subtle melody. He then creates absolutely no sound but has created a climate in which no one wishes to make themselves out to be philistines by not appreciating the music. Nero is not convinced, however, and in private fumes against the deception. He decides to have Pettulian fed to the lions.

Meanwhile, at the arena itself, Ian and Delos have been trained as gladiators and are set to fight each other. With Nero watching them they are told to battle to the death.

Inferno (4)
Delos and Ian decide to fight their way out of the arena instead, and Ian is able to shout to the watching Barbara that he will be back to rescue her before he and Delos flee. The Emperor calls off his soldiers when it becomes clear they cannot be caught, planning to have him killed when he returns to rescue Barbara. A crowd of soldiers of arranged at the palace.

The Doctor has meanwhile found the architectural plans for Nero’s new Rome, and deduces that since the year is 64 AD that the Emperor is planning to destroy the city. Tavius arrives and warns the Doctor that the Emperor is planning to kill him too, advising him to fulfill his mission and kill Nero soon. It seems that Pettulian was an assassin all along. The Doctor and Vicki decide to leave quickly, but before departing set fire to Nero’s architectural plans. The Emperor notices this and decides to burn down the city, thanking the Doctor and deciding after all to spare his life. A rabble is bribed into starting the blaze and while anarchy rages, Ian is helped into the palace by Tavius, who reunites him with Barbara. Under Tavius’ eye, the two are allowed to escape and make their way from Rome and back to the villa. Delos helps them get clear of the palace, parting from his friend Ian. The Doctor and Vicki also escape the city, watching it burn from a nearby hill.

By the time the Doctor and Vicki return to the villa, Ian and Barbara have spruced themselves up, and the Doctor mistakenly assumes that they have not even left the villa. All four leave in the TARDIS but have barely begun to travel when a strange force starts dragging the ship to an unknown location.

Cast

 * The Doctor - William Hartnell
 * Ian Chesterton - William Russell
 * Barbara Wright - Jacqueline Hill
 * Vicki - Maureen O'Brien
 * Sevcheria - Derek Sydney
 * Didius - Nicholas Evans
 * Centurion - Dennis Edwards
 * Stall Holder - Margot Thomas
 * Slave Buyer - Edward Kelsey
 * Maximus Pettulian - Bart Allison
 * Ascaris - Barry Jackson
 * Delos - Peter Diamond
 * Tavius - Michael Peake
 * Woman Slave - Dorothy-Rose Gribble
 * Galley Master - Gertan Klauber
 * 1st Man in Market - Ernest Jennings
 * 2nd Man in Market - John Caesar
 * Court Messenger - Tony Lambden
 * Nero - Derek Francis
 * Tigilinus - Brian Proudfoot
 * Poppaea - Kay Patrick
 * Locusta - Anne Tirard
 * Slaves - Terri Dern, Sandra Harris, Tina Kennedy, Alison Leney (all uncredited)
 * Galley Slaves - Paul Andrews, James Appleby, Vez Delahunt, Pat Donohue, Tony Lee, Roy Reeves, Richard Wilding, Les Wilkinson (all uncredited)
 * Dead Centurion - Vez Delahunt (uncredited)
 * Gladiators - Bill Burridge, Derek Calder, Gordon Cave, Paul Duval, Jonas Kurchi, Alan Selwyn (all uncredited)
 * Persons at Banquet - Douglas Abercrombie, Paul Blomley, Diane Chapman, Michael Essex, George Fisher, Alison Leney, James Lyon, Anne Mazell, Ronnie Mead, Sara Negus, Steve Peters (all uncredited)
 * Rabble - Yusha Adams, Mickie Baker, David Brewster, Michael Buck, David Cannon, John Day, Paul Duval, Alan Jones, Derek Martin, Philip Moore, Aldred Morgan, Tony Poole, Bill Richards, Les Saunders, Frank Sessman (all uncredited)
 * Persons in Markets - Ronald Adams, Pat Ambrose, Gladys Bacon, Francesco Bertorelli, David Brewster, Nigel Clayton, Jack Collins, George Daly, Harry Davies, Fred Davies, John De Marco, Rosemary Devitt, John Fry, Bunty Garland, Ursula Granville, John Langley, Terry Leigh, John Little, Rilla Madden, Barbara Mansfield, Dickie Martyn, Dawn Pyke, John Sagar, John Scammell, Gillian Smith, Tom Sye, Fred Taylor, Gerry Videl, Johnny Wainwright (all uncredited)
 * Guards - Eric Bird, Bill Burridge, Derek Calder, Pat Donohue, Paul Duval, Dennis Edwards, Fred Haggerty, James Heather, Jonas Kurchi, John Pollock, Roy Reeves, John Scott Martin, Alan Selwyn, Rose Thomas, Gerry Wain (all uncredited)
 * Courtiers - Paul Andrews, James Appleby (uncredited)

Crew

 * Writer - Dennis Spooner
 * Director - Christopher Barry
 * Producer - Verity Lambert
 * Script Editor - Dennis Spooner
 * Designer - Raymond Cusick
 * Assistant Floor Manager - Valerie Wilkins
 * Associate Producer - Mervyn Pinfield
 * Costumes - Daphne Dare
 * Fight Arranger - Peter Diamond
 * Film Cameraman - Dick Bush
 * Film Editor - Jim Latham
 * Incidental Music - Raymond Jones
 * Make-Up - Sonia Markham
 * Production Assistant - David Maloney
 * Special Sound - Brian Hodgson
 * Studio Lighting - Howard King
 * Studio Sound - Richard Chubb
 * Theme Arrangement - Delia Derbyshire
 * Title Music - Ron Grainer

Story notes

 * This was the first story played for comedy as well as drama.
 * All episodes exist in 16mm telerecordings.
 * Negative film prints of all episodes exist and were recovered by the BBC in 1978.
 * Telesnaps of this story are held by private collectors.
 * The characters of Tigellinus and Sevcheria were both expanded during re-writes of the script.
 * The Rescue leads directly into this story.
 * This is the second story in a row in which the Doctor is given a surprisingly physical fight sequence. In fact, his brawl with Ascaris recalls similar fights involving the Third Doctor, including the Doctor judo-flipping his opponent.

Influences

 * Spartacus
 * The Emperor's New Clothes
 * Whitehall farces
 * Whether intentional or not, the Doctor's silent lyre tune recalls John Cage's infamous silent composition 4'33&quot;.
 * A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum

Ratings

 * The Slave Traders - 13 million viewers
 * All Roads Lead to Rome - 11.5 million viewers
 * Conspiracy - 10 million viewers
 * Inferno - 12 million viewers

Myths

 * It was Dennis Spooner's idea to make a comic episode of Doctor Who (It was actually Verity Lambert who wished to try a new angle for the series)

Filming locations

 * Ealing Television Film Studios
 * Riverside Studio 1, Hammersmith, London

Production errors

 * Ian and Barbara sit around a plastic lined fountain. The budget was small at that time, and remember "high definition" was 405 lines back then.
 * Nero pays his fire starters in metal washers.
 * When Barbara turns around to hug Ian after they are reunited in "Inferno," a long zipper is clearly visible down the back of her dress.
 * The camera on the boat is hit by falling wood during the storm scene, this causes a wide white line to cross the screen.
 * During episode 2 a boom mike drops into the shot during the scene in which Nero and his wife pick out jewellery (this is also visible in the DVD featurette What Has The Romans Done for Us?).
 * During the scene in which Nero chases Barbara around, one of the studio lights is captured by the camera, causing a noticeable lens flare.
 * The historical Nero outlawed the practice of killing defeated gladiators in 59 C.E. He would not have ordered Ian decapitated in 64 C.E. when this story takes place.

Continuity

 * This story begins with the TARDIS having been in Rome for a long time - approximately one month, as indicated in dialogue - an explanation for this is provided in both PDA: Byzantium! and ST: Romans Cutaway.
 * PDA: The Eleventh Tiger takes place immediately after the end of this story.
 * The Doctor references this story in DW: The Fires of Pompeii when he mentions to Donna Noble that he was not responsible for the fire.

Timeline

 * This story occurs after DW: The Rescue
 * Both ST: Romans Cutaway and PDA: Byzantium! occur within the first episode of this story.
 * This story occurs before PDA: The Eleventh Tiger

DVD releases
This story was released on DVD alongside The Rescue in February 2009 (UK) and July 2009 (North America). For the release, the episodes have been reprocessed via computer to restore the original videotaped look of the production.

Contents:
 * What has "The Romans" ever done for us? - production featurette which also examines how Nero has been portrayed in film and TV over the years.
 * Roma Parva - a look at the original model used to design the set.
 * Dennis Spooner: Wanna Write a Television Series? - Profile of the writer of The Romans and other serials.
 * Girls! Girls! Girls!: The 1960s - Retrospective on Doctor Who's female companions from 1963-69.
 * Blue Peter segment on a Roman banquet.
 * Photo Gallery
 * Radio Times listings (PDF format).
 * Production notes
 * Audio Commentary by actors William Russell (Ian Chesterton), Nick Evans (Didius) and Barry Jackson (Ascaris), director Christopher Barry, moderated by Toby Hadoke.
 * See The Rescue for additional DVD extras on this set.

Rear Credits:
 * Starring William Hartnell with William Russell, Jacqueline Hill and Maureen O'Brien
 * Written by Dennis Spooner
 * Produced by Verity Lambert
 * Directed by Christopher Barry
 * Incidental Music by Raymond Jones

Notes:
 * Editing for DVD release completed by Doctor Who Restoration Team.
 * There is an error on the back cover of The Romans DVD: David Whitaker is credited to have written this story, rather than Dennis Spooner.

Video releases
Released as Doctor Who: The Rescue/The Romans
 * UK Release: September 1994 / US Release: March 1996
 * PAL - BBC Video BBCV5378 (2 tapes)
 * NTSC - Warner Video E1313 (2 tapes)
 * NTSC - CBS/FOX Video 8338 (2 tapes)

Novelisation and its audiobook

 * Main article: The Romans (novelisation)


 * Novelised as The Romans by Donald Cotton in 1987.