Horror of Fang Rock (TV story)

Horror of Fang Rock was the first serial of season 15 of Doctor Who. Graham Williams' three-year stint as producer of the series began with this story. It is the only time that the Rutan Host — the oft-mentioned mortal enemies of the Sontarans — have been depicted in a broadcast television story.

Synopsis
The cursed island of Fang Rock off the south coast of England is a place of rumour and tales of beasts from the sea. Three lighthouse men at the turn of the century face their fears when something comes from the sea to bring death to all it touches.

Part one
The Doctor's plans to show Brighton to Leela are on hold for now, as yet again the TARDIS takes its occupants to the wrong time and place. This time they arrive on the island of Fang Rock off the south coast of England around the start of the 20th century. Noticing that the lighthouse isn't functioning properly, the Doctor decides to investigate and to ask for directions.

After they arrive at the lighthouse and introduce themselves, the Doctor discovers the dead body of one of the keepers, Ben. The two other keepers — old, superstitious Reuben and young, keen Vince — say that a light fell from the sky near the island earlier in the evening. They also say the electricity flow to the lamp on the lighthouse has become erratic. The Doctor deduces that something is feeding on the flow. Reuben does not help matters with his constant references to the mythical Beast of Fang Rock which supposedly once terrorised the lighthouse. He is also unhappy about the replacement of the old oil lights with electrical ones. The Doctor notes that the keepers use an old telegraph machine as a means of communicating with the mainland.

As the Doctor and Leela explore, something moves Ben's body out of the lighthouse and onto the island. A curious electric crackling also seems to have killed the local fish. The Doctor believes Ben was electrocuted, but not by the lighthouse's generator. The freak fog continues to descend. A ship passes near the island, ignoring the fog and darkness and sailing at top speed. Reuben sends up flares but the ship crashes on Fang Rock...

Part two
The Doctor, Reuben, and Vince run down to see if there are any survivors on the yacht, leaving Leela to sound the siren. While she is waiting for them, she spots something strange moving along the rocks.

There are four survivors of the yacht's wreck: the bo'sun, Harker; an MP, Colonel James Skinsale; the yacht's owner, Lord Palmerdale; and his highly strung secretary, Adelaide Lessage. It slowly emerges that Palmerdale has bought government secrets from Skinsale and was desperate to reach the Stock Exchange in London to make a killing — that was why the ship was travelling at such high speed in the appalling weather. When Harker comes inside he is carrying Ben, or rather, what's left of him. The Doctor speculates that whatever killed him wanted to study his body and therefore learn more about human anatomy.

The Doctor continues to analyse the threat being faced. Reuben believes the Beast of Fang Rock is back, but the Doctor assures Leela there is no such thing. He thinks the light which fell from the sky was a spaceship landing. Aliens unfamiliar with humans are attracted to the lighthouse's electricity. They are keeping themselves out of sight while isolating Fang Rock by creating the fog. The Doctor deduces an attack is imminent.

Reuben goes to stoke the boiler. While he is in the boiler room, Leela feels another cold wave, and the electricity fails again. All is silent in the dark, save Reuben screaming in the boiler room...

Part three
The Doctor and Leela go outside to investigate. Harker goes down as well and Reuben appears but, behaving very strangely, returns to the bunk room. The Doctor and Leela come back believing that the creature has killed Reuben, but Harker informs them that he's seen Reuben. The Doctor decides they should ask Reuben about the creature as he must have seen it. He then orders Harker to secure the lighthouse door.

The power returns but Palmerdale is getting more anxious about needing to return to London and leaves after arguing with Skinsale. Reuben meanwhile has locked himself in the bunk room and (unseen by the Doctor and Leela) is glowing a strange green colour. Palmerdale then gives Vince £50 to send a message to London using the telegraph machine, with a further £50 once he returns to London (though this bribe is overheard by Skinsale). While they are talking, something is shown to be climbing up the outside of the lighthouse. Palmerdale hears the Doctor coming and hides outside. Vince is nervous, as events seem to playing out in the same way as the last time the Beast of Fang Rock appeared, but the Doctor reassures him that they outnumber the beast. While Palmerdale is waiting for the Doctor to leave, a strange green light appears from below him and he is killed.

Skinsale continues to voice his doubts about Palmerdale, making Adelaide furious; she goes to speak to the man himself about it. Leela breaks a hole in the bunk room door with a sledgehammer. She and the Doctor see that Reuben is standing completely still and can't seem to hear them. As Adelaide comes past them on the stairs they promptly order her to go back down. Vince, having found that Palmerdale has disappeared, burns the money the lord gave him.

The Doctor tells Skinsale and Adelaide that the creature they are dealing with is extraterrestrial, which they both dismiss. Vince then tells them that Palmerdale has fallen from the lamp gallery. The Doctor and Skinsale go outside to retrieve his body and Harker secures the door again. The Doctor then discovers that the telegraph machine has been sabotaged, thereby cutting them off from the outside world. Skinsale admits he did it to prevent Palmerdale from sending the message and thereby protect his own reputation.

Down in the boiler room, Reuben corners Harker. Vince tries the siren but finds it won't sound, meaning the boiler pressure has dropped. Adelaide and Skinsale cannot understand why Palmerdale would have fallen but the Doctor tells them that he was killed by an electric current, and therefore dead before he hit the ground. Vince then informs them about the siren and the Doctor realises something has happened to Harker.

They all go down and discover Harker's body. Adelaide and Skinsale then go back upstairs and the Doctor remarks that Harker was killed the same way as the others. They inspect the boiler room and find Reuben's body, which has been hidden. The Doctor says that he's in rigor mortis — he's been dead for hours. Leela is confused, as she knew that Reuben was in his room. The shocked Doctor realises that he has overlooked the chameleon factor, which he says is sometimes called lycanthropy. In securing the lighthouse, the Doctor has locked the creature in with them...

Part four
The creature, in the guise of Reuben, appears to Vince with a grin, and kills him in a flash of blue light by placing a hand on his head.

The Doctor and Leela discuss the creature as Leela fills the boiler. The Doctor says it has great power, but it needed to study the human life pattern first. He says that "organic restructuring is elementary physiology for Time Lords". Leela misunderstands, believing that if the creature is a Time Lord, then they have no chance to stop it. The Doctor corrects her, saying that what his people consider elementary might take other species thousands of years to master. Leela responds, "Then we have nothing to worry about," because the Doctor, as a Time Lord, should be able to deal with the creature easily. The Doctor seems to be buffered by her blind faith in his people and begins to consider why the creature took the form of Reuben. Leela suggests trying to deceive the creature into thinking its ruse was effective, but the Doctor says it's too dangerous. They then find an alien power relay being used with a distress beacon. He goes to look for the signal modulator but sends Leela to gather the rest of the survivors and bring them to the lamp room.

Adelaide begs Skinsale to stop pacing. They're startled by the appearance of Leela, who tells them that Harker has died, the creature is inside, and they must fight for their lives. To Leela's consternation, Adelaide faints. "Reuben" interrupts the Doctor as he searches someone's bunk; the Doctor evades him by climbing out the window, dangling by his fingertips. Adelaide is revived by Skinsale but doesn't want to go. They get her moving, only to find that "Reuben" has found them. The Doctor laboriously climbs back inside, revealing that he has found a device. "Reuben" kills Adelaide right in front of Leela and Skinsale, and they run for it. The Doctor confronts the alien and it sheds its disguise, revealing a tentacled glowing green gelatinous sphere resembling a giant jellyfish. The Doctor immediately recognises it as a Rutan, who uses plural pronouns to reference itself and declares that it is a scout trained in the "new metamorphosis techniques". The Doctor says it'll get better at them in time. It refuses to tell the Doctor why it is there, but it is angered when the Doctor suggests that the Rutans must be losing their never-ending war with the Sontarans. The Rutan Scout declares that the Rutan Host is instead making "a series of strategic withdrawals", and although the Earth is remote, it has a sound enough strategic position to launch a counterattack. The Doctor is alarmed, as the Sontarans will use photonic bombardment to dislodge the Rutan presence, thereby killing many people. He realises that the Rutan Scout ship crash landed in the sea, and it confirms that it is trying to summon its mother ship. The Doctor reveals that he has deactivated both the primary transmitter and the backup. The Rutan Scout says it was transmitting long enough, and the Doctor says it won't last long before fleeing upstairs to the lamp room.

Leela and Skinsale have made it to the lamp room and start following the Doctor's instructions to break open the maroons (maroon flares) and spread the powder down the stairs. The Doctor rushes in and uses the powder and a fuse to hurt the Rutan Scout, who retreats back down the stairs. He explains that Ruta III is an icy planet (so its inhabitants find heat painful) and asks if they have more gunpowder or, hopefully, a flamethrower.

Skinsale shows him a kind of mortar they brought up from below. The Doctor grabs a flare device, and they stuff it with items from their pockets to create shrapnel. As they do so, he explains that the real threat is the Rutan ship that is on the way.

The three devise a plan, with Leela suggesting that the Doctor change the lighthouse into a laser, but the Doctor needs crystalline carbon — diamond — to focus it. Skinsale says that Palmerdale always carried diamonds, and they get to work.

The men make their way downstairs while Leela covers them with the flare. Skinsale retrieves the diamonds from a hidden pouch. The Doctor selects one, then throws the rest on the floor before running back upstairs. Skinsale tries to collect the other diamonds, and so doesn't see the Scout approaching. The Doctor glances back and watches as the Scout kills Skinsale. Leela shoots it with the mortar before gloating over its death. As the Doctor converts the lighthouse into a high-energy laser using the diamond, they watch the mothership approach. The Doctor warns Leela that once he turns it on, they cannot look back and they will have 117 seconds to get out of the lighthouse. They flee the lighthouse and run for cover as the laser destroys the Rutan mothership. Leela sneaks a look back despite the Doctor's orders not to and is blinded by the flash; she gives her knife to the Doctor and begs to be killed, as amongst the Sevateem that is the fate of the old and crippled. Although he takes the knife, the Doctor laughs as he gets a closer look at her eyes. He explains that the blindness is temporary, but he is surprised to find that the flash has caused pigmentation dispersal in Leela's eyes — in plain English, they've changed colour and are now blue. The Doctor quotes Wilfrid Gibson's poem as they leave Fang Rock, which echoes eerily on the empty island as the TARDIS fades away:
 * Aye: though we hunted high and low,
 * And hunted everywhere,
 * Of the three men's fate we found no trace
 * Of any kind in any place,
 * But a door ajar, and an untouch'd meal,
 * And an overtoppled chair...

Cast

 * Doctor Who - Tom Baker
 * Leela - Louise Jameson
 * Reuben - Colin Douglas
 * Vince - John Abbott
 * Ben - Ralph Watson
 * Lord Palmerdale - Sean Caffrey
 * James Skinsale - Alan Rowe
 * Adelaide Lessage - Annette Woollett
 * Harker - Rio Fanning

Uncredited cast

 * Rutan voice - Colin Douglas (DWM 319)

Crew

 * Writer - Terrance Dicks
 * Assistant Floor Manager - Bill Hartley
 * Costumes - Joyce Hawkins
 * Designer - Paul Allen
 * Film Cameraman - John Walker
 * Incidental Music - Dudley Simpson
 * Make-Up - Jackie Hodgson
 * Production Assistant - Peter Grimwade
 * Production Unit Manager - John Nathan-Turner
 * Script Editor - Robert Holmes
 * Special Sounds - Dick Mills
 * Studio Lighting - Bob Gell
 * Studio Sound - David Hughes
 * Theme Arrangement - Delia Derbyshire
 * Title Music - Ron Grainer
 * Visual Effects - Peter Pegrum
 * Producer - Graham Williams
 * Director - Paddy Russell

Uncredited crew

 * Technical Operations Manager - John Jeavons (INFO: Horror of Fang Rock)

Animals

 * Vince Hawkins tells Leela that he talks to seals to combat boredom.

Cultural references from real world

 * Adelaide believes in astrology and consults Miss Nethercott every month.
 * On Pharos they had slaves to keep the bonfires of the lighthouse going.

Rutans

 * The Rutan is a scout from the Rutan Empire.
 * The Rutan used to control the whole Mutter's Spiral but the Sontarans have driven them to the far fringes of the galaxy.

Technology

 * The Doctor sets up an amplified carbon oscillator which, through crystallised carbon, can lock onto the carbon resonator of the Rutan mothership and knock out its anti-grav.
 * Skinsale finds a Schermuly.

Story notes

 * This story had the working titles The Rocks of Doom (also Rocks of Doom), The Monster of Fang Rock and The Beast of Fang Rock.
 * Horror of Fang Rock was a late replacement for the scripts Terrance Dicks had originally submitted, a vampire-based tale entitled The Vampire Mutations, which was cancelled close to production lest it detract from the BBC's of Bram Stoker's classic novel Count Dracula, due for transmission close to when the serial would have aired. A re-written version of The Vampire Mutations eventually saw production in 1980 as State of Decay.
 * John Abbott recalled that director Paddy Russell cast him as Vince Hawkins after seeing him play in a play in the.
 * The story was inspired by Wilfred Gibson's 1912 poem, which was in turn based upon true events which occurred in 1900, when a supply ship discovered that the lighthouse crew on the Flannan Isles in the Outer Hebrides had vanished without a trace. Terrance Dicks also drew on Ray Bradbury's 1951 short story "The Fog Horn", about an aquatic dinosaur which has survived in the ocean's depths but is attracted by the call of a lighthouse's fog horn.
 * Paddy Russell didn't particularly enjoy her experience working on this story, largely because she much preferred Terrance Dicks' original script and didn't think much of the hastily-written replacement, but was contractually obligated to still direct the new story. Filming also wasn't a particularly happy experience for her, in part due to constantly clashing with Tom Baker and Louise Jameson, and also because the facilities at the BBC's Birmingham studios (where they had to move production of the story to, due to scheduling conflicts at the BBC Television Centre) weren't up to scratch. This resulted in her deciding not to direct for the show again.
 * In the DVD commentary, Terrance Dicks says he was unhappy about Tom Baker's delivery of the line "Dead, with honour", when telling Leela of Colonel Skinsale's fate. In the episode, Baker says "Dead with honour", with no pause. In his novelisation of the story, Dicks writes the line as "Dead. With honour", to emphasise what he had intended — that Skinsale was dead, but after a moment's thought adding that it was "with honour" (even though it wasn't).
 * The "pigment dispersal" scene at the end of the story when Leela's eyes change from brown to blue was a practical (rather than story) motivated event. It was so Louise Jameson did not have to continue wearing brown contact lenses. This was done to keep her as a member of the cast, as she found wearing the lenses uncomfortable and seriously considered leaving the show. Horror of Fang Rock was actually the second story filmed of the season, after The Invisible Enemy, so when the time came to don the contacts for this story, Jameson's eyes had had a rest for several weeks and she was better able to cope.
 * In the scene where Leela slaps Adelaide to stop her screaming, Louise Jameson did indeed slap Annette Woollett quite hard. Jameson stated in the DVD commentary that Woollett insisted that she not hold anything back when doing the slap.
 * The story's exact year is never made explicit, but a reference to the beast being seen "eighty years ago" in the "twenties" suggests the early 20th century. Lance Parkin's unofficial chronology aHistory dates it to c.1902.
 * According to the DVD commentary by Louise Jameson, a scene in part three was crucial to the behind-the-scenes relationship between her and co-star Tom Baker. In the scene where he comes in carrying Palmerdale's body, he consistently came in ahead of his cue, thereby upstaging her. On the grounds that this move was "not what they had rehearsed", she insisted on three successive retakes until he finally came in at the rehearsed time. This apparently won his respect. From that point forward, she claims, their working relationship was much smoother.
 * Though not stated in the televised story, the reason Vince burns Lord Palmerdale's bribe money following his death is because he is concerned that he may be accused of murder should he be found to have the money. This is clarified by Terrance Dicks in both the novelisation and the DVD commentary.
 * This is the second of two serials in which Leela does not wear either of her famous leather outfits. After this, however, it was decided to return her to her original, more revealing costume introduced in The Face of Evil.
 * This story marks the last time that the Doctor travels with only a single companion until The Caves of Androzani in 1984. However, if the introduction of Nyssa in The Keeper of Traken does not qualify her as a companion, then the next occasion really occurs in that story.
 * This was the final televised story in which every character other than the Doctor and his companion(s) is killed until The Doctor's Wife in 2011. In early drafts of the story, Adelaide and Skinsale survived; however, this was changed to make the story more resonant with the poem Flannan Isle. (INFO: Horror of Fang Rock) Stories in which most of the characters die include Pyramids of Mars (also directed by Paddy Russell), Warriors of the Deep, The Caves of Androzani, The Parting of the Ways, and Sleep No More.
 * Although they are referenced in several other stories, particularly those featuring their enemies the Sontarans, this is to date the only televised appearance of the Rutans in Doctor Who.
 * Paddy Russell claimed that Tom Baker so infuriated the crew that they tried to swing a pair of mole cranes at his head, until she saw what they were doing and ordered them to stop. "Tom Baker was easy to deal with at first, but the part went to his head completely. By the time I did Horror of Fang Rock, he was desperately difficult to work with. His input got totally out of hand. His attitude to his fellow actors was extremely difficult, his attitude to his director was extremely difficult, and his attitude to the crew was extremely difficult. For instance, it was always everybody else’s fault, and never Tom’s. His idea was to have that show to himself. He didn’t want an assistant, and he made their lives hell. Louise Jameson went through hell on that show, and that lady is a very good actress. Fortunately, she’s very tough, and she got a lot of support from everyone else. I found her excellent to work with, but Tom hardly spoke to her, and when he did it was usually something nasty".
 * Tom Baker began an on-off relationship with Sue Jerrard, who was working as an editor on this serial. He broke it off to marry Lalla Ward, and then, after divorcing Lalla, rekindled his relationship with Sue and married her. They've been married ever since.
 * In the original script, Col. Skinsale's wife Veronica appeared. She was ultimately removed.
 * In early drafts of the story, Adelaide and Skinsale survived; however, this was changed to make the story more resonant with the poem.

Ratings

 * Part one - 6.8 million viewers
 * Part two - 7.1 million viewers
 * Part three - 9.8 million viewers
 * Part four - 9.9 million viewers

Myths

 * Louise Jameson breaks character and corpses on camera after delivering Leela's "pep talk" to the Doctor in the boiler room. (She can be seen breaking into a smile and laughing after Tom Baker turns his back, but Jameson says on the DVD commentary that the laughter was scripted.)
 * This story was originally written for Elisabeth Sladen but was shelved and then brought back after Terrance Dicks' original script had to be changed. (Dicks confirmed on the DVD commentary that this was an original story and had not been written beforehand.)

Filming locations

 * Horror of Fang Rock was the only story of the classic series run to be made entirely outside of London. Due to engineering work at BBC Television Centre — the programme's usual production base — its principal studio location was Pebble Mill Studios in Birmingham.

Production errors

 * As the Rutan is about to kill Ben, the POV shot makes it seem like the Rutan almost as tall as him when in fact it's barely one foot high in its natural form.
 * Palmerdale's death was filmed in reverse to achieve the right effect. However, he reacts too slowly to the tentacle being pulled off of him, which leads to him looking like he is screaming before even being attacked.

Continuity

 * The Rutans were previously mentioned as the Sontarans' adversaries, (TV: The Time Warrior, The Sontaran Experiment) and would be again. (TV: The Two Doctors, The Poison Sky)
 * The Doctor eventually does visit Brighton with Romana II. (TV: The Leisure Hive)
 * The Rutans appear on screen again in the independent film HOMEVID: Shakedown: Return of the Sontarans. In the novelisation of the film, PROSE: Shakedown, which was expanded to include the Seventh Doctor, the Rutan host mentions to the Doctor the events of this story.
 * The Rutans also appear in PROSE: Lords of the Storm and PROSE: The Infinity Doctors.
 * Leela has blue eyes hereafter as a result of the explosion she witnesses here. (TV: The Invisible Enemy et al.)
 * The Fifth Doctor would later encounter the Rutans in Stockbridge in 1199. (AUDIO: Castle of Fear)
 * Leela would be blinded once again, for a considerably longer period, during the Gallifreyan Civil War (AUDIO: Fractures) but her sight was eventually restored through the transfusion of Vampire blood on the Gallifrey of an alternative timeline. (AUDIO: Annihilation)
 * While the Doctor is talking about the electrical generator, Leela reminds him that she is not a "Teshnician". (TV: The Face of Evil) The Doctor later remarks at her mispronunciation/pun.

Max Headroom signal hijacking

 * Main article: .

On 22 November 1987, a rebroadcast of Horror of Fang Rock on PBS affiliate WTTW in Chicago, Ill., was the target of a bizarre prank in which individuals managed to hijack WTTW's broadcast feed and, for nearly 90 seconds, the pranksters aired footage of two individuals, one wearing a mask, spouting gibberish and advertising catchphrases including those at the time associated with Max Headroom and Coca-Cola, and humming music. The two also engaged in mildly risqué behaviour near the end of the tape. The signal intrusion occurred twice that evening: first during highlights from an American Football game on a newscast on the then-independent commercial station WGN-TV, and later during the broadcast of Horror of Fang Rock on public television station WTTW. The first attempt appeared to be partially unsuccessful as those responsible were unable to properly broadcast sound, only managing to provide electronic buzzing and screeches in the signal's audio channels, and were quickly cut off by WGN-TV. The Doctor Who interruption had proper sound, albeit distorted, and ran in its entirety.

The Doctor Who interruption appeared to have been pre-recorded, and was transmitted during the first part of Horror of Fang Rock. The footage starts with a man disguised as television personality Max Headroom, referring to an unknown individual who the presenter describes as a "frickin' nerd" before mentioning Chuck Swirsky and laughing. The presenter proceeds to toss a Pepsi Cola can at the camera while saying "Catch the Wave" (referencing the actual Max Headroom, who used the slogan as part of a marketing campaign for Coca-Cola's then-current "New Coke") before raising his middle finger up to the camera (an obscene gesture in the United States, akin to the inverted V-sign in Britain) while wearing a rubber finger atop the former. The presenter then states that "your love is fading," a reference to the 1966 Temptations song "(I Know) I'm Losing You," and removes the rubber finger. He then sings the theme tune to the 1959 American synchro-vox cartoon Clutch Cargo and states, "I can still see the 'X'" midway (a reference to Clutch Cargo's final episode, "Big X"). Groaning, the presenter then moans, "My piles," referring to haemorrhoid pain, and gyrates while making flatulent noises, describing it as "a giant masterpiece for all the greatest world newspaper nerds" (an apparent insult at WGN). He proceeds to don a cloth glove on his left hand (stating that the other one is "dirty" and in his brother's possession) before taking it off in disgust after complaining that there are bloodstains on it. At this point, the tape cuts to another angle where a second individual is visible. The first individual's rear end is visible, yet his face is left off-camera. He holds his mask up to the camera with the rubber finger in its mouth, claiming that "they're coming to get me," before the second individual (dressed as a French maid) commands him to bend over. The second individual repeatedly spanks the first with a flyswatter while the latter pleads to "make it stop." The transmission cuts to black and then Doctor Who resumes at the scene where the Fourth Doctor surmises that Ben had died of electrocution. Representatives for WTTW later admitted that they were powerless to stop the broadcast because the engineers were not on duty at the Sears Tower transmitters.

In the days following, the scene from Horror of Fang Rock that had been interrupted was rebroadcast on local Chicago and national media. The individuals responsible for the illegal hijacking of the two broadcast signals have never been identified or apprehended; it is also a mystery as to whether the Doctor Who broadcast had been targeted specifically, or if the pranksters just happened to choose that moment to begin their hijack.

DVD releases
This story was released as Doctor Who: Horror of Fang Rock.

Released:
 * Region 2 - 17 January 2005
 * Region 4 - 7 April 2005
 * Region 1 - 6 September 2005

Contents:
 * Commentary by Louise Jameson, John Abbott and Terrance Dicks.
 * Terrance Dicks: Fact & Fiction - With a writing career spanning 6 decades, Terrance Dicks is featured in this special documentary that looks at his work for books and television, with contributions from many of his friends and colleagues.
 * Paddy Russell: A Life in Television - In this specially shot interview, Paddy looks back over her forty year career in television as an actress, stage manager and director.
 * The Antiques Doctor Who Show - This short film from 1993 gives an insightful look into the merchandising of Doctor Who.
 * Photo Gallery
 * Production Subtitles
 * Easter Egg - Countdown clock for Part 3. To access, go to the special features menu and press left at the cursor for "The Antiques Doctor Who Show".

Notes:
 * Editing for the DVD release was completed by the Doctor Who Restoration Team.

VHS releases
This story was released as Doctor Who: Horror of Fang Rock.

Released:
 * UK July 1998
 * US March 1999
 * Australia November 1998

Audio releases

 * The story was released as a soundtrack CD by BBC Audio in September 2012 with linking narration by Louise Jameson.