The Invasion (TV story)

The Invasion was the third story of season 6 of Doctor Who. It featured the Cybermen in what became their established form until Earthshock in 1982.

The Invasion also featured the second appearance of Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart, now promoted to the rank which became his best known title - Brigadier. It additionally introduced the organisation known as UNIT, as well as the character of Corporal (later Sergeant) John Benton. Behind the scenes, it was the start of Terrance Dicks' record-setting tenure as script editor. Furthermore, it was the final major appearance of the Cybermen until Revenge of the Cybermen in 1975.

Synopsis
The Doctor, Jamie and Zoe return to Earth and become embroiled in the schemes of Tobias Vaughn. They meet up with an old friend, Colonel (now Brigadier) Lethbridge-Stewart, and some old enemies, the Cybermen.

Episode one
Jamie, Victoria and the Doctor have been all brought back to the TARDIS after their adventures in the Land of Fiction. They find that they are hovering over the dark side of the moon. As they look at the scanners they see something approaching them, they soon realise it is missile. The Doctor tries to move but the landing circuit is jammed. The Doctor wrestles with the controls. The missile explodes.

The TARDIS lands with a thud in a field of cows.

Inside the TARDIS, Zoe wonders why they were fired at without any questions being asked. The Doctor wonders if they have encountered whoever fired at them already. They check the scanner and the sight of cows tells them they are on Earth; the Doctor reckons in the Summertime of the 20th century. The TARDIS judders and the Doctor believes he needs some new parts. He decides to seek out his old friend Professor Travers for help. He takes one of the circuits from the console which causes the lights to fade. They make their way to the exit.

Once outside a lorry draws up. The driver asks if they are "getting out". The Doctor states that they are heading to London. The driver orders them in. The driver looks round nervously as they get in the cab. As he drives off they are being pursued by two motorbikes. The driver pulls off the road and disappears behind some trees. He stops the lorry and gets out, looking anxiously down the lane before walking off. The Doctor, Jamie and Zoe follow the driver into the undergrowth. The driver suspects that the company is on their trail. When the Doctor queries what he means by the company he is met with consternation, the Doctor states that they are strangers The driver wonders how they got into the compound. He explains that the company is International Electromatics, the largest electronics company in the world who have a vast monopoly on the electronics business and huge complexes forming large swathes of land. The driver reckons it's safe to get on the road again.

The lorry approaches a checkpoint. Jamie, Zoe and the Doctor are hidden away in the cab of the lorry. The driver presents his papers and is waved through. Soon after the driver stops his lorry and the travellers get out of the back. The driver tells them to get lost before driving off. The Doctor, Jamie and Zoe clamber over a hedge into a field. As they do the motorbikes pass them by. The guards pull up behind the lorry. As they dismount, one guard opens the lorry to search it. He discovers only milk. The main guard sees the driver's papers whilst the other guard continues his search. The main guard says he wants to take the driver in for questioning. The other guard finds nothing and nods to his partner. The driver states he is not going back to the compound. The guard pulls out his gun. The driver turns to get into the lorry but the guard shoots him.

The Doctor, Jamie and Zoe are hitch-hiking. A car stops and the Doctor says they want to go to London. The man nods and the Doctor, Jamie and Zoe get into the car.

Once in London the Doctor and his friends look up Travers' address but their is the name 'Watkins' on his doorbell and there is no answer. They continue raining into a young model by the name of Isobel answers the door. She explains that Travers is in America with Anne and that her father, a Professor Watkins, is staying in his house. He is working for International Electromatics and has been away for weeks. The Doctor, seeing his only chance to fix his TARDIS, tries to contact Watkins but comes up against an automated answering service that tells him that Watkins is not available. They decide to go there themselves. Zoe decides to stay as she is enjoying modelling for Isabelle.

Two men in a car watch the Doctor and Jamie enter the IE building. They are met by a computer secretary. They, again, ask for Watkins and are, again, told he is not available. They want to speak to someone in authority - but they need an appointment. They need to see someone now - but they're all engaged. It's an emergency - but what kind of emergency? It's a private matter - an emergency cannot be a private matter. The Doctor switches the computer off in frustration. The Doctor and Jamie set off to find another way in.

One of the men in the car takes a photo of the Doctor and Jamie as they explore outside.

A further two men watch them in a video link. One of them flips a switch.

Two glass panels drop down either side of the alleyway that the Doctor and Jamie are in. Gas starts to seep in.

HQ deploy the two men in the car to get the Doctor and Jamie.

The gas has cleared and the guards open the glass panel. As the man prods Jamie with his foot, Jamie grabs it and trips him. The man pulls a gun. A man named Vaughn stops him. The man with the gun appears to be called Packer. Vaughn orders Packer to bring the Doctor and Jamie to his office.

Packer is dismissed by Vaughn as soon as he gets to the office. Jamie is initially very aggressive but the Doctor is passive and apologises for the trespass. Vaughn introduces himself as the director of International Electromatics and states that their friend, Watkins, is very busy and is not available by choice. Jamie is satisfied and begins to ask Vaughan about circuits for the TARDIS. The Doctor kicks him. Vaughn's curiosity is peaked and asks how he can help. The Doctor reluctantly hands the circuits over to Vaughn. Vaughn is intrigued and says he'll send them to his workshop. As an apology to Jamie for Packer's rough treatment, he gifts him a disposable transistor radio before dismissing the Doctor and Jamie. Vaughn walks to the desk and flicks a switch. He asks Packer to show the Doctor and Jamie off the premises.

Packer escorts them out. The Doctor believes that Vaughn is not what he seems. He is not blinking at the rate that a normal human should. The Doctor considers him odd, sinister and inhuman.

In his office, Vaughn flicks a switch. A wall tilts back to reveal a piece of complex, alien equipment.

Episode two
As the Doctor and Jamie return from the IE building, they soon discover they are being followed. They start to run.

Back at Travers' house Zoe is modelling for Isobel. She soon becomes distracted and worried about her friends.

The Doctor and Jamie are chased into an alley where they are caught by a pincer movement and loaded into the cars.

Vaughn shows the circuit given to him by the Doctor to his Assistant Researcher, Gregory. He is bamboozled by the technology. Vaughn gives him an hour to figure it out. He asks Packer for photos of the Doctor and Jamie.

Zoe has now become so worried about the Doctor and Jamie that her and Isobel set off to find them.

On a mysterious runway the car the Doctor and Jamie were forced into boards a plane. They soon find themselves in the hub of a military base where they meet their old friend Colonel Lethbridge-Stewart, now promoted to Brigadier. It has been four years since they last encountered each other in the London Underground and the Brigadier is now in charge of the United Nations Intelligence Taskforce or UNIT, an international investigatory force. He tells the Doctor that he and Jamie have been being monitored since they left the complex and that he decided to pick the, up after they left the IE building. The Brigadier explains that people sometimes enter the IE building, yet never leave.

Zoe and Isobel enter the IE building seeking the Doctor and Jamie. They try the computer in reception and enquire after them.

Upstairs, Vaughn unveils the alien machinery and asks for information regarding the Doctor. The machine tells him that they are known and hostile. They were encountered on Planet Fourteen and must be destroyed before the invasion. An alarm interrupts this conversation. Zoe and Isobel are displayed on Vaughn's screens.

The computer receptionist is giving no information to Zoe. Refusing to be beaten, she bamboozles the computer using ALGOL, complex mathematical equations. The machine starts to smoke and eventually explodes.

All this is watched by Vaughn. He calls Packer to bring the two girls up.

Isobel and Zoe start to leave when they are intercepted by Vaughan's guards.

The Brigadier explains to the Doctor that many senior anti-IE figures have entered the IE building and returned completely for their company. Sifting through the photographs Jamie discovers a photo of the driver that helped them out of the IE complex. The Brigadier explains he was an agent and hasn't been heard of for twelve hours. The Brigadier explains that IE was practically unheard of until they started controlling computer lines and investing in micromonolithic circuits, then Watkins disappeared and UNIT got involved. The evidence is not substantial enough for UNIT to search the IE building so the Doctor and Jamie are on their own, however the Doctor is given a transceiver if ever he needs to contact UNIT. The Doctor and Jamie are returned to London.

On their return to London they discover Travers' house empty. They enter and the Doctor absentmindedly dismantles the radio that Jamie was given by Vaughn have him. He discovers micromonolithic circuits that have no place to be in a radio. They find a note that Isobel and Zoe have gone to the IE building. Panicked they follow them.

Vaughn berates Zoe and Isobel for the destruction of his computer. Vaughn explains that Watkins has started to be uncooperative and that Isobel could be useful in persuading him to work. Zoe and Isobel are seized.

The Doctor and Jamie investigate the outside of the IE building. The Doctor uses the transceiver to check with the Brigadier that Zoe and Isobel actually entered. The Brigadier confirms that they did indeed enter. As they explore they find a railway line that skirts the back of the building.

Gregory has drawn a blank on the circuits. He is dismissed. He opens the wall and demand more data on the Doctor. The machine refuses to give more information but just orders the destruction of the Doctor. Vaughn stands up to the machine. He says unless they share information or he will stop helping them. Reluctantly the machine tells Vaughn that the Doctor has a machine that can help him travel to other planets. Vaughn vows he will destroy the Doctor.

Jamie and the Doctor have snuck into the building. They witness workers carrying crates far beyond human strength. They sneak away.

An alarm is raised. Packer tells Vaughn that the Doctor and Jamie have been spotted. Vaughn tells Packer not to raise full alert but just to close off the area and that they are to be flushed out using Isobel and Zoe as bait.

As they move around the warehouse, the Doctor and Jamie hear the screams of Zoe and Isobel. Their unconscious forms are being put into crates to be loaded into the return van. Jamie, furious, attacks Packer. Reinforcements are called for and soon enough Jamie and the Doctor are surrounded by armed guards.

Episode three
Jamie confronts Packer again. Packer goes to hit him but Vaughn calls him off. Vaughan tells Jamie and the Doctor that Zoe and Isobel were in the building but they left. Jamie protests but the Doctor calmly asks if they can inspect the containers. Vaughn allows but as soon as they all leave to do so, Packer orders the train to leave. Jamie and the Doctor arrive too late. Vaughn suggests that he will accompany them to the factory to do the inspection there.

The Brigadier is worried about the Doctor and Jamie when he receives reports that the two of them plus Vaughn are leaving the building together.

The Brigadier orders them not to be followed and orders one of his subordinates, Jimmy, to go to the factory in a helicopter.

Jimmy watches as Vaughn's car enters the compound. The Brigadier orders Jimmy to hang back as they need to not alert Vaughn's private army which might put the Doctor and Jamie at risk.

The Doctor and Jamie are led into the factory. Vaughn wants to question the Doctor further on the circuits he showed him. As Vaughn shows the Doctor and Jamie into the office, he suggests to Packer that he should go and see if he can convince Watkins to work.

When the Doctor and Jamie enter Vaughn's office they are surprised to see that it is exactly the same as his office in London. Vaughn has become suspicious of Zoe and the Doctor's abilities but isn't surprised or angry Doctor refused to be drawn in it. Vaughn promises the Doctor Watkins' help and leaves. Jamie suspects Vaughn and the Doctor considers him too nice but wonders why he would be offering them Watkins' assistance if he was evil.

Packer is threatening Watkins with harm to Isabelle if he doesn't continue working. Watkins considers it a bluff when Vaughn arrives and assures him it is true. He explains that whatever happens Isobel will not be freed, she will just come to harm if Watkins refuses to comply. Watkins reluctantly agrees. Vaughn tells Watkins of the Doctor and Jamie and extends the threat to Isabelle to spilling the beans on him.

In the office, the Doctor notices a Deep Space Radio Communication System outside. This causes him to be furthermore suspicious of Vaughn. As they look outside they see Jimmy's helicopter swoop overhead. Packer enters and escorts the Doctor and Jamie into Watkins' presence.

Jimmy reports to the Brigadier that there is no sign of the Do tor or Jamie.

After the Doctor has introduced himself, Watkins says that Travers and Anne told him all about them.

Up in his office, Vaughn tells Packer that the Doctor has been on another planet and has some sort of vessel that he craves. He shows Packer a video screen that shows Watkins, the Doctor and Jamie's conversation.

Jamie begins to talk to Watkins about the TARDIS but the Doctor stifles him. He is aware they are being bugged. He puts a scrambler on the machine.

Vaughn checks all the other cameras - they are all functioning. He realises that the Doctor is quite an adversary and says it is no surprise his allies fear him. Vaughn has vowed not to destroy the Doctor until he knows more of his machine.

Left alone, Watkins says he is working on a machine called the Cerebraton Mentor, a teaching machine. The Doctor tells Watkins about the involvement of UNIT. Watkins says he has no knowledge of Vaughn's plans and thinks he wants complete control of the electronics industry of the world. The Doctor believes he has bigger aspirations than that. Jamie hears someone coming. The Doctor goes for the scrambler but Vaughn enters and removes it first. Vaughn tells the Doctor that they will make him talk in other ways. He admits he has Zoe and, unless he hands over his machine, she will be hurt. The Doctor and Jamie are led away.

As they are led towards the lifts the Doctor tells Jamie he is scared of lifts and can't even press the buttons. Jamie latches on and enters first. The Doctor wheels around to say that he is ready to hand over his machine already. As he does he distracts Packer, pushes him over and activates the lift. As the lift is in motion he destroys the circuits.

Vaughn berates Packer. Packer reviews a report that the lift is stuck.

The Doctor and Jamie find a door in the lift shaft.

Packer orders all exits to be covered and the lift to be fixed.

The Doctor and Jamie have made it to the roof of the lift. They begin to climb the ladder on the side of the shaft.

Packer has the lift working and orders it to be brought back up.

As the Doctor and Jamie climb they hear the lift approaching.

As the lift arrives Packer and Vaughn find it empty. Vaughn points out that the lift terminates on the roof. Packer sends some men but then also rides to the top to kill them.

The lift starts again but the Doctor and Jamie have reached the roof. They find a fire escape and climb down.

Vaughn is furious about Packer letting them escape and orders their immediate return.

The Doctor and Jamie find their way through the train carriages, hiding underneath when they hear approaching guards. They decide to hide in a sleeper. Jamie wonders if it is the train that contained Zoe and Isobel. They hear Packer outside and hide in the containers. As Jamie is laying in his he realises that something is alive in his.

Episode four
The Doctor manages to evade the guards. He frees Jamie from the crate. Jamie says that something was moving inside, they go and investigate but are disturbed by an approaching guard and have to flee.

Vaughan berates Packer for losing the Doctor and Jamie. Vaughn explains he intends to stand up to their allies. He explains that Watkins' Cerebraton Mentor emits emotion pulses that their allies find distressing. Packer is unsure. Vaughn warns him that their allies are to render everyone non human; instead he wants to use their force and then discard them. Until then Zoe and Isabelle are to be hidden away.

Out of sight, the Doctor and Jamie look on as crates are unloaded. Zoe and Isobel are unceremoniously hauled onto their feet. The girls are escorted into the building by several guards. The Doctor overhears that they are being taken to the tenth floor of the central block. Whilst this happens Jimmy's helicopter flies overhead.

Jimmy reports no sighting of the Doctor or Jamie to the Brigadier. The Brigadier orders Jimmy to withdraw but orders all units to standby.

Packer reports UNIT activity to Vaughn and suspects the Doctor's involvement. Vaughan tells him to leave it with him.

On the roof, the Doctor and Jamie ascend to the next level where they will try and reach the window where Zoe and Isobel are being kept. Vaughn uses the tannoy to say that unless the Doctor and Jamie hand themselves in in the next ten minutes, Zoe will pay the consequences. The Doctor believes this is enough time for a simple rescue operation.

Isobel is trying to break through the door of the room they are being kept in. Zoe blames herself for endangering her new friend. Zoe and Isobel see the Doctor and Jamie out the window.

The Doctor waves to the girls to back away from the window.

Zoe looks around the room and spots an electronic eye. She mutters to Isobel that they are being watched.

The Doctor asks the Brigadier for help. He asks if the helicopter has a roper ladder and gives him their exact location.

Packer assures Vaughn he has the place covered. Vaughn gives the Doctor his five minute warning. Jimmy's helicopter is heard. Vaughn orders it to be shot down.

The helicopter drops the ladder to Jamie and the Doctor. They lower the rope ladder over the side of the building. Reluctantly, Jamie begins to descend the rope ladder.

Seeing Jamie, Zoe and Isobel barricade the door. Zoe opens the window and Jamie carefully climbs through. Jamie helps Zoe through the window and up the rope ladder.

Below the guards begin to fire.

Jamie follows the girls up the rope ladder to the roof. Zoe, the Doctor and Jamie follow Isobel up the rope ladder. Jamie is left on the rope ladder as Jimmy is forced to escape. He clambers on as they are in motion.

Jimmy reports to the Brigadier that all is well. The Brigadier orders all troops to return to base.

Packer fears consequences from their allies. Vaughn shouts at Packer for his subservience to their allies. He orders Watkins' machine to London as he is bringing the invasion forward; it will begin in twenty four hours. Vaughn is to deal with UNIT. Packer leaves. Vaughn rings Major General Rutledge at the Ministry of Defence.

The video phone starts flashing in Rutledge's office. He scrambles the phone line so it can't be traced. Vaughan orders Rutledge to stop UNIT's investigation into IE.

The Brigadier tells the Doctor and his colleagues that they were lucky to survive. The Brigadier is now to take severe action against Vaughn and IE for attempting to shoot down his helicopter. The Doctor starts to hypothesise about what is going on. He remembers the ship on the dark side of the Moon and links it to the deep space transmitter in the IE building. Overhearing this the Brigadier suggests this could be linked to UFO sightings and goes off to fetch some photographs.

Watkins demands to know what the shooting he heard was and demands to see Isobel. Vaughn dismisses this and tells him his only priority is finishing his machine in the next twenty four hours.

The Doctor studies the photos. They were sighted over the last year and they all disappeared over South East England; over the IE campus. The Doctor begins to link this the crates that they discovered. The Doctor decides to go back to the IE building to view the crates but Jamie is concerned about being spotted. He asks for a map and immediately asks the Brigadier if he has a canoe.

Later the Doctor and Jamie approach the IE building via canal. They breach the building. In the warehouse, workmen are moving the crates around. The workers effortlessly carry the caskets to another area. Slowly, the Doctor and Jamie slink in close enough to watch. The workmen remove the gauze and stand the cocoon up. They attach electrodes to the cocoon. The Doctor confides to Jamie that his fears have been confirmed. The workers turn on the machine. The cocoon begins to writhe until a Cyberman emerges...

Episode five
After seeing the Cybermen reanimated the Doctor and Jamie decide to return to the canoe and escape.

Back at UNIT HQ, Jimmy and Isobel flirt until they are interrupted by the return of the Doctor and Jamie. Jamie explains that they saw Cybermen to Zoe, whilst the Doctor tried to explain what Cybermen are to Jimmy and Isobel. The Doctor suspects that the Deep Space Transmitters were for the Cybermen to latch onto to find Earth. The Doctor speculates that those people who were acting differently after entering the IE Building must be under the Cybermen's control. The Doctor asks who is in charge of UNIT in England. Jimmy tells him it is Major General Rutledge.

The Brigadier is in a meeting with Rutledge and is flabbergasted when Rutledge tells him to stand down from the IE investigation. The Brigadier implores action but Rutledge thinks there must be a misunderstanding and orders him to stop the investigation. Whilst he is talking Rutledge seems to lose the ability to speak. The Brigadier begins to suspect foul play and says he intends to send his report to UNIT command in Geneva. As soon as the Brigadier leaves Rutledge contacts Vaughn and tells him of the situation - again struggling to talk. Vaughn orders Rutlidge to come to the IE building. When the conversation is terminated Vaughn tells Packer that he suspects that the control they have over Rutlidge is weakening.

Jimmy informs the Doctor that the Brigadier has already seen Rutlidge. The Doctor worries that their information may now be public.

Rutledge, now at the IE Building, tells Vaughan they have a maximum of two days before the Brigadier's report will bring further UNIT scrutiny on IE. Packer is concerned by this. Vaughn orders Watkins' Cerebraton Machine into the warehouse. Vaughn lifts the wall and communicates with his allies again. He tells them that they will alter the plan and bring the invasion forward. The controller states that the invasion forces are not completed though. Vaughn states that unless the invasion is brought forward to dawn the next day he will sever all help. The controller relents.

Down in the warehouse, the workmen are animating more Cybermen. Packer orders them into the sewer and to their different assembly points.

At UNIT HQ, the Doctor is showing the Brigadier the sewer system that stems out from the IE building. Isobel is sceptical about the whole thing and Jimmy says that even UNIT command will need proof. The Doctor is puzzled over how they are going to form their attack when all of a sudden the remembers the superfluous circuit in Jamie's radio. He asks if there is anymore IE equipment in the base. Jimmy leads him off to some.

Gregory and Vaughn are preparing to test the Cerebraton Machine on a Cyberman. Gregory is reluctant but Vaughan forces him. They partially animate a Cyberman before attaching the machine to him and induce fear and transmit it into the Cyberman. The Cyberman rips off the machine and begins to attack all around him. The humans flee and the Cyberman makes his way into the sewer. Vaughn considers this a success and asks Gregory to up the power on the machine.

Back at base, Isobel has come up with the perfect proof for UNIT command: infrared photography. The Brigadier thinks this a great idea and goes to get some of his men on it. Isobel says she will do it but the Brigadier says it is no job for a girl. Isobel loses her temper at this sexist attitude but the Brigadier holds firm. Jamie agrees with the Brigadier. Cross, Zoe and Isobel head off to London to prove the men wrong. Jamie comes with them.

Elsewhere in the base, the Doctor has found the superfluous circuit in an IE computer.

The controller is informing Vaughn of the plan for the invasion. Cyber Transmitter Units are to be launched an hour before the invasion. They will penetrate through all areas of Earth. They will identify people to be converted into Cybermen whilst the others will be destroyed. Vaughn disagrees with this and says it is counter to their agreement: that Vaughn would be in charge of Earth whilst the Cybermen would be given minerals that they need. The controller demands that if Vaughn is to be in charge he is to be converted. Again Vaughn disagrees, he will have a cybernetic body but not a cybernetic brain. The controller relents. Once the communication is terminated Vaughan states he doesn't trust the Cybermen and that the audio rejection capsules he has invented will stop them reneging on their deal.

Back at UNIT HQ, the Doctor has decided that in order to properly understand the circuits he needs to go to Watkins' lab at Traver's house back in London. The Brigadier is sending the photography equipment to London by helicopter when the Doctor enquirers as to the whereabouts of his friends. Jimmy tells them they went to London. The Brigadier is fearful they will have gone into the sewers.

In London, Jamie wants to contact the Doctor but Isobel and Zoe hurry him away. The Brigadier radios Benton and orders him to find the Doctor's friends. He then sends Jimmy to London to search for them.

Jamie, Zoe and Isobel enter the sewers through a manhole but are spotted by a policeman as they do so. Jamie, Zoe and Isobel start to explore the sewers and it is not long before they spot some Cybermen.

Unbeknownst to them the policeman has climbed down to find them.

Isobel is taking photographs of the Cybermen until they are forced to run.

The policeman turns into an oncoming pair of Cybermen and is immediately killed. Jamie, Zoe and Isobel come over his body and realise that they are surrounded from both sides by Cybermen; one of whom is the mad one that Vaughan experimented on.

Episode six
Two UNIT soldiers, Perkins and Walters, led by Jimmy, meet up with Benton and go into the sewers.

The mad Cyberman that had been bearing down on Isobel, Jamie and Zoe walks straight passed them.

The UNIT forces hear the noise of the mad Cyberman and Jimmy begins to call out for Isobel, Jamie and Zoe.

Isobel wants to meet up with the UNIT forces but Jamie reminds her that there are Cybermen between them and the soldiers.

The UNIT forces' shouting has drawn the Cybermen's attention. The Cybermen order the forces to obey and to come with them. The UNIT forces prepare a grenade and, when the mad Cyberman distracts the Cybermen, they use the decoy to throw it. It knocks two of the Cybermen out. As the last remaining Cyberman approaches, Perkins loses his courage and runs. He is immediately killed by the Cyberman. The forces make their way back to the ladder and call for Jamie, Isobel and Zoe to meet them there. They all begin to climb the ladder. Jimmy asks Jamie to keep an eye out for the last remaining Cyberman.

As they approach the surface Jamie's leg is caught by the Cyberman. Walters comes and drives the Cyberman back down into the sewers with his rifle butt. Benton then arrives and drops a grenade into the sewers, destroying the last Cyberman.

The Doctor is still poring over the circuits and is still utterly bamboozled. The Brigadier tells him he is soon heading to Geneva and that after that there might be two or three days before action. The Doctor is perturbed - it may be too late by then. Isobel enters with the photos she took of the Cybermen. The Brigadier is a little disappointed as they look fake. Isobel is annoyed at this.

Packer reports the UNIT attack of the Cybermen to Vaughn. Vaughn is not worried and states that the invasion will be too soon for UNIT to do anything. Watkins and Gregory come up with the modified Cerebraton Machine. Watkins is now very aware his machine has now been turned into a weapon. Vaughn uses the machine on Watkins, knocking him down. Gregory stands up for Watkins and Vaughn threatens him with the same treatment. Vaughn orders the machine into mass production. A weakened Watkins vows that if he ever gets the chance he will kill Vaughn. Vaughn calmly asks for Packer's gun. He points it at Watkins' head before handing him the gun and ordering him to shoot. Watkins hesitates. Vaughn slaps him and calls him a coward. Watkins shoots. The bullets, despite clearly entering Vaughn's chest, have no effect on him. Vaughn laughs as Watkins faints with shock.

The Doctor and Jimmy are still experimenting on the circuits. Isobel and Jamie flirt some more until they are interrupted by a report from the UNIT forces in London. They report that Watkins is being escorted away from the IE building. The Brigadier toys with a rescue mission. Isobel pleads with him whilst the Doctor states he would be very useful. The Brigadier agrees. Jimmy is to lead a full assault platoon on the mission.

Later Gregory recounts how thirty UNIT forces killed the two guards and took Watkins. Gregory only survived as he ran away. Vaughn orders the Cybermen to kill him.

In the sewers, Gregory is killed by the Cybermen.

Watkins, now back at his lab, says he has no idea about the circuits but his recount of what Vaughn has done to his Cerebraton Machine causes the Doctor to realise. The circuits are emotional circuits used in a similar way to Watkins' machine. He runs to the lab to experiment. The Brigadier tells Jimmy he is heading off to Geneva.

Soon enough the Doctor has figured out the Cybermen's plans. They intend on using their ship, parked on the dark side of the moon, to boost the signals from their satellites, magnify them and beam them back down to Earth. When they come into contact with the monolithic circuits in the IE equipment they will produce cyber-hypnotic signals and render humans under Cyberman control. The Doctor reminds Zoe of the depolarisers they used back on The Wheel when they first met. Zoe and Watkins set about making some.

In Vaughn's office the alarm goes off and Vaughn raises the wall to commune with the Controller. There is one hour until the invasion and transmission of the cyber-signal is to start.

The Doctor informs the Brigadier of the new developments. The Brigadier vows to inform UNIT headquarters and begin making depolarisers. Zoe and Watkins, however, have only found enough equipment for three. The rest go on a mad search for more equipment.

The Controller tells Vaughn that all will be ready in thirty minutes. When the wall is down Vaughn tells Packer that he is half an hour away from controlling the world. Packer is sceptical.

Jimmy and Isobel talk. Jimmy is beginning to think the Doctor may be wrong when they begin to hear an electronic high pitched noise. The Doctor falls to the ground. His depolariser has fallen off. The depolariser is placed back on but to, seemingly, no effect.

In a similar way people all over London are brought to their knees by the sound ringing in their ears.

Simultaneously hundreds of Cybermen have emerged from the sewers and are walking the streets of London.

Episode seven
The Doctor is given a new polariser, and he and UNIT assess the situation, knowing the spaceship that the transmissions are coming from is on the Moon. UNIT decides to use a Russian rocket to destroy the source of Vaughn's signal, while using UK missiles to destroy the incoming Cyberfleet. The Doctor heads off to talk to Vaughn. Captain Turner is sent to Russia to organise the rocket, while the Brigadier goes to the Henlow Downs missile site.

The Doctor goes back to the IE building to try to persuade Vaughn one last time to help his people. The missiles are successfully launched, with help from Zoe, and the Cybermen blame Vaughn for the setback in their plans, announcing that they will use a megatron bomb to destroy life on Earth. The Doctor then asks Vaughn if this is what he wanted - to be the ruler of a dead world...

Episode eight
A furious Vaughn uses the cerebration mentor to destroy the machine in his office. Vaughn calls for Packer, only to see a Cyberman on the screen. Packer rushes in and tells Vaughn that the Cybermen have betrayed them and are taking over. A Cyberman then comes in and kills Packer. The Doctor destroys it with the cerebration mentor. The Doctor persuades Vaughn to now aid humanity instead of trying to defeat it, and they take a helicopter to the factory, where they use Watkins' machine to battle the massed army of Cybermen; UNIT forces arrive later to assist. Vaughn is killed in the skirmish, but the homing signal is successfully shut down.

The megatron bomb is destroyed by a missile, while the rocket destroys the last Cyberman ship, consequently stopping the hypnotic signal. With the crisis now over, and the visual stabiliser circuits now repaired, the Doctor, Zoe and Jamie depart in the TARDIS.

Cast

 * Dr. Who - Patrick Troughton
 * Jamie McCrimmon - Frazer Hines
 * Zoe Heriot - Wendy Padbury
 * Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart - Nicholas Courtney
 * Tobias Vaughn - Kevin Stoney
 * Isobel Watkins - Sally Faulkner
 * Corporal Benton - John Levene
 * Captain Jimmy Turner - Robert Sidaway
 * Packer - Peter Halliday
 * Professor Watkins - Edward Burnham
 * Lorry Driver - Murray Evans
 * Tracy - Geoffrey Cheshire
 * Patrolman - Walter Randall
 * Gregory - Ian Fairbairn
 * Sergeant Walters - James Thornhill
 * Phone operator - Sheila Dunn
 * Major General Rutlidge - Edward Dentith
 * Workman - Peter Thompson
 * Policeman - Dominic Allan
 * Private Perkins - Stacy Davies
 * Major Branwell - Clifford Earl
 * Sergeant Peters - Norman Hartley
 * Cybermen - Pat Gorman, Ralph Carrigan, Charles Finch, John Spradbury, Derek Chaffer, Terence Denville, Peter Thornton, Richard King

Crew

 * Assistant Floor Manager - Sue Willis
 * Costumes - Bobi Bartlett
 * Designer - Richard Hunt
 * Film Cameraman - Alan Jonas
 * Film Editor - Martyn Day
 * Incidental Music - Don Harper
 * Make-Up - Sylvia James
 * Producer - Peter Bryant
 * Production Assistant - Chris D'Oyly John
 * Script Editor - Terrance Dicks
 * Special Sounds - Brian Hodgson
 * Studio Lighting - Robbie Robinson
 * Studio Sound - Alan Edmonds, Bryan Forgham
 * Theme Arrangement - Delia Derbyshire
 * Title Music - Ron Grainer
 * Visual Effects - Bill King, Trading Post

Cultural references from the real world

 * "Kilroy Was Here" can be seen written in the lift shaft.
 * Isobel plays "Teddy Bears' Picnic" on her gramophone.

Species

 * There are cows in the field where the TARDIS lands.
 * Jamie mentions the Yeti to the Brigadier.

Devices

 * ALGOL is a language understood by computers.
 * The visual stabiliser circuit controls the TARDIS' outward appearance; removing it renders it invisible.

Astronomical objects

 * The Cybermen have a spaceship hidden behind the far side of the Moon.
 * The Cybermen mention encountering the Doctor on Planet 14.

Production

 * Dialogue places this story four years after the events of The Web of Fear. This story is also placed "some months" before Spearhead from Space, according to dialogue in that story.


 * This story had a working title of Return of the Cybermen, which was later changed to The Invasion to keep the Cybermen's reappearance a surprise until episode four. It was originally conceived as a four-part story and got expanded to eight when the next story, The Dreamspinner, fell through.
 * This story marked the debut of Terrance Dicks as Script Editor and his first credited contribution to the series. Dicks would go on to write or co-write a number of episodes, and become best known for his work of writing novelisations for Target Books and eventually contributing to most lines of original fiction based upon the series on into 2008.
 * Together with The Web of Fear, this story was a sort of "test run" for a format switch. For the next two or three seasons, most stories would feature the Doctor working with UNIT to protect humanity on more-or-less modern-day Earth.
 * While the Cybermen would continue to change their appearance on the series, as they had done since their introduction, this story set the basic design for them, first developed for this story by Bobi Bartlett, through the 1980s. Cybermen emerging from cocoons was also used in Earthshock. They also operate in the London sewers in Attack of the Cybermen. A mass invasion of London by Cybermen also features in the Series 2 stories, Rise of the Cybermen, The Age of Steel, Army of Ghosts and Doomsday, and in the Doctor Who Magazine comic The Flood.
 * Cybermats were to have appeared in this story.
 * It was during filming of this story that Frazer Hines announced his intention to leave the series.
 * Zoe makes no appearance in episode three of the story as Wendy Padbury was on holiday during the week when it was recorded. Similarly, Jamie appears only in a pre-filmed insert in episode eight as Frazer Hines was due for a break.
 * A black and white shot of a Cyberman, with two others behind, walking down the steps of St. Peter's Hill, with St. Paul's Cathedral in the background, accompanied the Radio Times programme listing for episode one, bearing the title Invasion and with the accompanying caption "Dr. Who starts a new adventure today at 5.15 — one that will bring him face to face with some of his deadliest enemies, the Cybermen".
 * The following piece of behind-the-scenes information appeared at the foot of the Radio Times programme listing for episode five: "For this Dr. Who story more filming was done on location than ever before, and the production team were fortunate to have the co-operation of both the Army and Air Force on scenes that involved such equipment as jeeps, a transporter plane, a three-ton lorry, and a rescue helicopter."
 * Nicholas Courtney reprises his role as Lethbridge-Stewart, now promoted from Colonel to Brigadier, from The Web of Fear.
 * John Levene (Benton) previously appeared as a Cyberman in The Moonbase and as a Yeti in The Web of Fear. He was initially contracted to play a Cyberman in The Invasion, but landed the role of Benton after the actor originally cast – who shall remain nameless – was fired by Douglas Camfield for continually turning up late for filming, causing the planned shooting schedules to be changed.
 * John Levene (Benton) was uncredited on-screen for episode five, but was credited in Radio Times.
 * Peter Halliday also provided, uncredited, the voices of the Cybermen in episodes six to eight and of the Cyber Director — hidden in a concealed compartment in Vaughn's office — in episodes two and five to eight.
 * Norman Hartley (Sergeant Peters) was credited as "Sergeant" in Radio Times for episode eight.
 * The actors playing the Cybermen were credited on-screen, but not in Radio Times.
 * In the DVD's animated version of episode one, the words "Bad Wolf" (the story arc of the 2005 series) are written on Isobel's wall as an in-joke.
 * Also in the animated episode one, the car that the Doctor, Jamie and Zoe hitch a ride with after the lorry driver is shot has the licence plate H 23 63, which is a reference to the date of the original broadcast of An Unearthly Child, the very first episode of Doctor Who, on 23 November 1963.
 * Additionally, the animators got Zoe's costume wrong; for the beginning part of the missing episode one, Zoe would have worn her catsuit from The Mind Robber and she would have changed when Isobel got her fixed up with "some proper gear".
 * The episode was intended to prove that Earth-based stories could be produced cheaply and effectively. Ironically, it was the most expensive Doctor Who episode ever produced when made, and remained so for several years.
 * Originally, Professor Travers and his daughter Anne were to appear, but were replaced by Isobel and her uncle when Mervyn Haisman and Henry Lincoln refused to grant the rights. The DVD's production subtitles claim they were granted rights to the characters, but as the characters became less involved in the story, they thought it was not worth including them. The characters are mentioned in dialogue, however: Isobel lives in Travers' former house in London, and Professor Watkins mentions that Travers was getting "past it," so he persuaded him to live in America with Anne.
 * The prologue of PROSE: Iceberg opens during the Cybermen invasion in this story. The Cybermen in that novel are said to be from Planet 14, which was first mentioned in The Invasion by the Cyber-Planner. COMIC: The World Shapers also picks up on the Planet 14 reference, though it explains it away in a very different way. Since The Invasion takes place in either in the late 1960s or 1970s (see UNIT dating controversy) and no other televised Cybermen story had taken place prior to 1986 (the date of The Tenth Planet), the Doctor must have met the Cybermen before in an untelevised story. The Cybermen did have access to time travel technology, so that conclusion is not an absolute certainty. In 1986, the Cybermen on Mondas appeared to be of a less sophisticated design and did not give any indication of having a fleet of ships. The Cybermen in the 1970s seem to be more advanced and do have a fleet of ships.

Influences

 * The influence of the various spy thriller films and television shows which were popular at this time are very clear. Tobias Vaughn is similar to the supervillains featured in the James Bond films and The Avengers. The Doctor acting as advisor to a military group dealing with an otherworldly menace is highly reminiscent of the Quatermass serials. Specifically, the plot of The Invasion has some similarity to , though not as much as some other Doctor Who stories, such as Spearhead from Space.

Ratings

 * Episode one - 7.3 million viewers
 * Episode two - 7.1 million viewers
 * Episode three - 7.1 million viewers
 * Episode four - 6.4 million viewers
 * Episode five - 6.7 million viewers
 * Episode six - 6.5 million viewers
 * Episode seven - 7.2 million viewers
 * Episode eight - 7.0 million viewers

Filming locations

 * The cow pasture in which the TARDIS materialises was located at Williamstrip Farm at Coln St Aldwyns. Professor Watkins' house was located at St James' Gardens in Kensington.
 * Kingston Minerals in Kempsford served as the IE compound, while the compound's roof was actually that of the Associated British Malsters' Guinness factory in Wallingford, Oxfordshire.
 * Additional scenes at IE were filmed at the Guinness Factory in London.
 * The canoe sequence was filmed at Lisson Grove and the helicopter sequence at Denham Aerodrome in Buckinghamshire.
 * Other scenes were filmed at various locations in Gloucestershire.
 * Ealing Television Film Studios, Ealing Green, Ealing
 * Lime Grove Studios (Studio D), Lime Grove, London

Production errors

 * In episode five, the panel concealing the Cyber Director struggles to close.
 * The Cyberman falling from the roof of an IE building in episode eight is clearly an empty costume.
 * In episode eight, the strings that make the Cyber Director's "head" twist are clearly visible.
 * In episode four, the Doctor and his companions claim to have seen a ship on the moon — when they didn't. (In the DVD's animated episode one, a ship was added to cover this up.)
 * The Cybermen wear silver painted tennis shoes.
 * In episode eight, Wendy Padbury fluffs her line regarding the distance to the Cyber Ship, quickly correcting "30—" to say "50,000 miles."
 * Throughout, Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart's moustache changes size and shape.
 * Some episodes of the story were broadcast in such an amplitude that sometimes makes it hard to make out what the cast were saying.

Continuity

 * Tobias Vaughn returns in PROSE: Original Sin, in which it is revealed that not only did he survive by transferring his mind into a cybernetic body, but funded the development of BOSS, Operation Golden Age, and Professor J.P. Kettlewell's robot, and influenced the expansion and policies of the Earth Empire.
 * At this point, the Cybermen are aware of the TARDIS ("he has a machine"), but make no reference to its nature or that he is a Time Lord.
 * Isobel's photographs of the Cyberman invasion were later derided as fakes and she became a standing joke on Fleet Street. The journalist James Stevens was highly dubious of her claims that the Earth had been invaded by "robot men from outer space." She was threatened by a man with a lisp and her boyfriend left her as his career was at risk because of their relationship. (PROSE: Who Killed Kennedy) However, her boyfriend was not Jimmy Turner as they later married. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice)
 * The Cybermen killed in the conflict are claimed by UNIT and later used to create weapons effective against Cybertechnology (TV: Death in Heaven).

DVD releases

 * Released as Doctor Who: The Invasion, the DVD makes use of animated versions of the missing episodes one and four that were made by Cosgrove Hall, which had previously made Scream of the Shalka for the now-defunct BBCi website.

Release dates

 * Region 2 - 6 November 2006
 * Region 4 - 3 January 2007
 * Region 1 - 6 March 2007

Features

 * Commentary on episode one by James Goss (bbc.co.uk), Steve Maher (Cosgrove Hall films) and Mark Ayres (audio cleanup).
 * Commentary on episodes two to eight by Frazer Hines, Wendy Padbury, Nicholas Courtney and Chris D'Oyly John.
 * Flash Frames - A featurette about the creation of the animated episodes one and four, including interviews with the animation team at Cosgrove Hall.
 * Love Off-Air - An affectionate tribute to the people dedicated enough to capture the soundtracks of Doctor Who in the 1960s, enabling the recreated episodes on this DVD.
 * Trailers - Two animated trailers.
 * Character Design - Showcasing Steve Maher's character design drawings and animation tests.
 * Evolution of The Invasion - Cast and crew recall the making of The Invasion, featuring contributions from Padbury, Hines, Courtney and D'Oyly John, plus Kevin Stoney (Vaughn), Sally Faulkner (Isobel), Peter Halliday (Packer), Edward Burnham (Watkins), Ian Fairbairn (Gregory) and Terrance Dicks (Script Editor).
 * VHS Links - Nicholas Courtney's links from the 1993 video release of The Invasion
 * Photo Gallery - Includes music by Don Harper and John Baker as well as special sound by Brian Hodgson.
 * Production Subtitles

The animated episode one on the DVD release makes some changes to the episode, as noted on the commentary:
 * After the TARDIS is attacked, a ship goes across screen (put in by the animators to cover a plot hole).
 * The sequence after the Doctor leaves the van that takes them out the compound is shortened.
 * The words "Bad Wolf" are put on the wall where Isobel Watkins leaves notes, making reference to the Bad Wolf meme.

Notes:
 * Editing for the DVD release was completed by the Doctor Who Restoration Team.

VHS release
This story was released as Doctor Who: The Invasion in 1993 as a double video pack, with an introduction and linking material by Nicholas Courtney to cover the missing episodes one and four.

Release dates

 * UK June 1993
 * PAL - BBC Video BBCV4974


 * US June 1995
 * NTSC - CBS/FOX Video 8251
 * NTSC - Warner Video E1273

Audio releases
This story was released as Doctor Who: The Invasion as part of the BBC Radio Collection. It includes the original soundtrack of the serial with linking narration by Frazer Hines. It also includes a bonus interview with Hines.

It was first released on 1 November 2004 in the Cybermen box set (ISBN 0-563-52508-8), a special 3-CD tin which also contained the soundtrack of The Tenth Planet and a bonus disc. It was subsequently released individually on 9 January 2006 (ISBN 978-0-563-52327-7). It is scheduled to be re-released as part of Doctor Who: The Lost TV Episodes - Collection Five on 2 August 2012 (ISBN 978-1-4084-6755-8).

Unofficial releases
Loose Cannon Productions have made a reconstruction of the missing episodes one and four, using audio recordings, authentic pictures, composite pictures, pictures from other stories and specially created material. (Note: The surviving episodes are not included on the recon.)

Although Loose Cannon Productions and Cosgrove Hall were working from the same scripts and audio recordings, their visual interpretations of the episodes are very different and it is interesting to compare the two.

Features

 * Celebrity Introduction by Kevin Stoney (Tobias Vaughn)
 * Production Featurette
 * An Interview with Kevin Stoney (also includes clips from many of his television and film appearances)
 * A re-enactment of the scene of Cybermen descending the steps of St. Peter's Hill near St Paul's Cathedral, using Earthshock-style Cybermen, and comparing the re-enactment with the original.