Venus

Venus (or Sol II) was the second planet in the Solar system.

Astronomical data
Originally, Venus was an inhabitable world, geologically comparable to Earth, with an ocean and two continents. (AUDIO: Voyage to Venus, PROSE: Venusian Lullaby) Pollution caused by the Cytherians ruined the planet, causing storms of acid rain. It stayed like this for billions of years, until it was terraformed by human colonists. The terraformed Venus was covered in lush jungles, had an oxygen-rich atmosphere and a mauve sky. (AUDIO: Voyage to Venus)

There were also metal seas on Venus, (TV: "The Singing Sands") and rubies could be found on the planet. (COMIC: Treasure of the Daleks) There was also a mountain range called the Churchill Mountains, which were named after Winston Churchill. (PROSE: Invasion of the Daleks)

By the 27th century, Venus had two artificial moons: Eros and Thanatos. (AUDIO: Venus Mantrap)

Venus had an apparent magnitude of -3.5. In 2009, it was about 26 million miles from Earth. (TV: Partners in Crime)

The mean temperature on Venus's surface was 735 Kelvin and the pressure was 92 times that on Earth's surface. One day lasted 116.75 Earth days. (PROSE: Sunset Over Venus)

Native fauna and flora
There were at least three species of intelligent natives. One was simply known as the Venusians. (PROSE: Venusian Lullaby) Another was known as the Thraskin or Cytherians. (AUDIO: Voyage to Venus) The Wispies also lived on the planet. (PROSE: Sunset Over Venus)

A type of Shanghorn lived on the planet. (TV: The Green Death, PROSE: The War of Art, AUDIO: Voyage to Venus) Other species include the Venusian Night Fish, (PROSE: Doctor Who in an Exciting Adventure with the Daleks) Klakluk (AUDIO: The Paradise of Death), Shrieking Blarosus and the Venusian Sporebeetle. (AUDIO: Voyage to Venus) The Museum of the Last Ones had specimens of extinct species from Venus. (PROSE: The Last Dodo)

In its prime, Venus was covered in dense rainforests, (AUDIO: Voyage to Venus) which were partly made up of Bosifghal and Chedhanhig trees (PROSE: Venusian Lullaby). Venusian spearmint could be harvested from the planet. (TV: The Shakespeare Code) Venusian gulper reached full size mere minutes after the begin of germination. (PROSE: The Secret in Vault 13)

Distant past
Although generally believed uninhabited and uninhabitable by the scientists of 20th and early 21st century Earth, in fact several civilisations called the planet home. (PROSE: Venusian Lullaby, AUDIO: Voyage to Venus)

Circa 3 billion BC, the planet was inhabited by a civilisation known as the Venusians. Despite never becoming space-faring, the Venusian civilisation spanned at least 3 million years, including the Alabaster-Age, the era of the Goldenworkers and the Time of the Gardens. Its major regions and cities included Bikugih, Inarihib, Martahig, Conorihib, Burjianit, Ujannonot, and the High Sweet Lands.

The Doctor and Susan once visited Venus, where they befriended Jilet Mrak-ecado and Jikugihi Dharkhig. (PROSE: Venusian Lullaby) Susan would later recall visiting the metal seas of Venus to Ping-Cho. (TV: Marco Polo)

Decades later, the planet was visited by the First Doctor, Barbara Wright and Ian Chesterton, who were visiting the funeral of Jikugihi Dharkhig. During this time, the sun was getting hotter and making it more and more difficult to live on the surface of the planet. While many Venusians preached acceptance of their inevitable fate, various Anti-Acceptancer factions tried to devise ways of avoiding it, resulting in political conflict.

During the Doctor's visit, the Sou(ou)shi arrived in the skies above Bikugih, where they promised to take the struggling Venusian population to Sol III. In reality, they wanted to consume the flesh of the Venusians. The Sou(ou)shi ship was destroyed when the Anti-Acceptancer faction known as the Volcano People executed their 40,000-year old plan to induce a massive volcanic eruption. The eruption also covered the atmosphere of the planet, which Commander Bismar Mrodtikdhil estimated would give them an extra 5000 years before the end. (PROSE: Venusian Lullaby)

The planet was eventually ruined by the Cytherians, after they accidentally used up all their fossil fuels and produced too much carbon dioxide, causing a runaway greenhouse effect that caused the collapse of their ecosystem. They were forced to escape the planet or preserve themselves for when the planet was inhabitable again. (AUDIO: Voyage to Venus)

Early human era
In the 64 AD, Ian Chesterton pointed out two bright lights in the sky of Earth, Venus and Jupiter. Ancient astronomers couldn't tell the difference between stars and planets, so instead planets such as Venus were referred to as "wandering stars". (PROSE: Byzantium!)

Observing a temporary chronological disturbance based on a sudden instability in Sol in 1639 caused by the Eleven's stolen stellar manipulator, the Time Lords noted Sol II among the first three planets in the solar system to be in immediate danger. (AUDIO: The Satanic Mill)

20th century
In the 1970s, Professor Logan claimed to have planned and executed a manned mission to Venus, but this was exposed as a fraud. (COMIC: Doctor Who and the Rocks from Venus)

Rudolph Steiner devised the Gemini Plan to bring Venus into Earth's orbit, allowing the planet's mineral resources to be economically available. This plan, which would have led to the destruction of Earth, was thwarted by the Third Doctor and Murray Stevens. (COMIC: Gemini Plan)

21st century
The Transit of Venus occurred in 2004. (PROSE: Time Lapse)

In 2009, Wilfred Mott and Donna Noble gazed at Venus from Wilf's telescope in Chiswick at a magnitude of -3.5. Wilf was certain that humanity would get there one day, and that in a hundred years time, they'd be "striding out amongst the stars, jiggling about with all them aliens". (TV: Partners in Crime)

Around the year 2062, the Eighth Doctor and Charley Pollard found Aristede, an artist, preparing to crash his craft into the planet as an artistic statement. He had planted bombs around the planet which would be detonated by the impact, triggering gas storms which he hoped would last for thousands of years. (PROSE: Venus)

By 2065, there was a human colony on Venus. That July, Hans Beula broke the Universe 100 metres record at the Astra Stadium on Venus. (COMIC: The Penta Ray Factor)

In 2075, Captain Anastas Thrax and his space pirates hijacked supply ships en route there until he was defeated by the First Doctor, John and Gillian. (COMIC: The Hijackers of Thrax)

Space Station W3 had flowers from Venus aboard it, grown by BIll Duggan. (TV: The Wheel in Space)

In the 2090s, Lovell Platform orbited Venus, and the Genetrix probed its atmosphere. The Wispies were nearly killed by the Genetrix's atmospheric sifters, and the Twelfth Doctor and Clara Oswald had to save its crew and the Wispies. (PROSE: Sunset Over Venus)

23rd century
In the 23rd century, the Eleventh Doctor bought Bobby Moore's jersey at a Venusian auction. (COMIC: They Think It's All Over)

Also in the 23rd century, Iris Wildthyme and Panda attended a Venusian opera. (PROSE: The Opera of Samhain)

24th century
Venus was used as a rubbish dump for a time. Humans tried to terraform the planet and the whole atmosphere boiled away into space. (PROSE: To the Slaughter)

25th century
In the year 2400, when Mars was only just being colonised, Venus had the large city of New Paris and the largest oil reserves after Earth. The Stone family — Mary, Jeff and Andy — were residents. The Daleks invaded the solar system, targeting Venus as a way to outflank Earth and capture the needed oil; New Paris was devastated and the inhabitants enslaved, all bar the Stones who had been in the Churchill Mountains. (COMIC: Invasion of the Daleks, The Oil Well) The moist climate meant the Daleks needed lead paint to avoid rusting, as well as metal roads to travel on. (PROSE: Red for Danger) Guerrilla warfare by the Stones impaired the Dalek occupation (PROSE: Red for Danger, COMIC: The Oil Well) and caused them to depart Venus in their fleet, allowing the Space Army to wipe them out. (PROSE: The Secret of the Mountain)

26th century
The Fourth Doctor had a pilot's license for the Mars-Venus rocket run. (TV: Robot; PROSE: The Janus Conjunction)

27th century
Bernice Summerfield visited Eros, the artificial moon of Venus. At the time, Eros had a twin moon, the warlike Thanatos. (AUDIO: Venus Mantrap)

Rubies from Venus were among the treasures kept in the Dalek Treasure House on Skaro. (COMIC: Treasure of the Daleks)

40th century
In the late 40th century, Venus was among the "Big Four" powers in an alliance against the Dalek invasions. It was led by Voccio when the Big Four decided to found the Space Security Service. (PROSE: The Outlaw Planet)

SSS agent Sara Kingdom spent six months on assignment on Venus in 3999. (AUDIO: The Guardian of the Solar System)

In the year 4000, Venus was one of the key targets for the Dalek takeover of the Solar system. (TV: Mission to the Unknown)

Roald of Space Security expressed an interest in watching the Venus-Mars games in the year 4000. In the same year, Mavic Chen ordered Karlton to take a party to Venus. (TV: The Daleks' Master Plan)

During the Great War, a fleet from the planet Hyperon intercepted a Dalek invasion of Venus in Space Year 17,000, as the Fourth Doctor recounted to Davros. (TV: Genesis of the Daleks, PROSE: The Whoniverse)

82nd century
Josiah W. Dogbolter owned a company called Intra-Venus, Inc. He owned the planet Venus itself, as well as Mars and Jupiter. (COMIC: The Moderator)

Later history
Long after Earth was barren and lifeless, another group of humans came to Venus and colonised it by modifying themselves. They later called themselves Venusians. Empress Vulpina awoke the Cytherians and after a brief conflict, the Venusians and Cytherians were able to live in peace. (AUDIO: Voyage to Venus)

Unknown time periods
Venus was the final obstacle on a race course set up by the Eternals for the prize of Enlightenment. (TV: Enlightenment)

Susan and the First Doctor visited the metal seas on Venus. (TV: "The Singing Sands")

In his first and second incarnations, the Doctor visited Venus at least five times. (COMIC: Doctor Who and the Rocks from Venus)

When asked about her holiday experiences, Donna Noble listed Venus among the locations which she had visited. (COMIC: The Widow's Curse)

Venus was one of the Earth Alliance's military strongholds during the Second Great Dalek Occupation. (AUDIO: The Fearless: Part 4)

Alternate timeline
In an alternate timeline, the Galactic Dutch Company had created domed colonies on Venus by 1983. (AUDIO: The Waters of Amsterdam)

Cultural references
Venus was clearly visible from Earth and was considered a star by human astronomers for a long time. (PROSE: Byzantium!) It was also said (inaccurately) to be the only planet in the solar system named after a woman. (TV: Partners in Crime)

In 1970, a small cult known as the Venus People, led by Arlo, believed that God would return from Venus soon, and bring judgement. (PROSE: The Devil Goblins from Neptune)

Venus was once the call sign of Mike Yates whilst on a missile convoy mission. (TV: The Mind of Evil)

Behind the scenes

 * According to the "Earth-Skaro Timescale" of Terry Nation's Dalek Annual 1976, the Daleks invaded both Venus and Mars in the Skaro-year 9143, concurrent to the Earth year 1066.