Silurian

The Silurians (known amongst themselves as Earth Reptiles) were Earth's first known sentient species. They were also referred to as Psionosauropodomorpha. Technological advanced, they lived during prehistoric times.

Physical Appearance


Silurians were a very diverse species, with at least two known phenotypes. In general, Silurians were roughly the size of humans, with a large head, four digits on each hand and green scaly skin. Their mouths were small and somewhat sucker-like. The most noticeable feature of the Silurians were their three eyes. Their main eyes were bright yellow with cat-like pupils. The third eye was red and on their foreheads. They could use this third eyes for a variety of purposes. The Silurians found at Wenley Moor used them for stunning or killing their opponents, signaling each other, or opening Silurian made doors. (DW: Doctor Who and the Silurians) The Silurians from Sea Base 4, on the other hand, had eyes that merely glowed whenever they spoke. (DW: Warriors of the Deep)

The Silurians seen at Wenley Moor had green, lumpy skin, a large mouth, rectangular ears and an inset third eye. As well as having a more powerful third eye, they were active creatures who spoke quickly in a deep voice. (DW: Doctor Who and the Silurians) The Silurians seen on Sea Base 4, on the other hand, had a stockier build, brown skin, suckers on the tips of their fingers, a smaller mouth and the third eye on top. They also had ornate, curving spikes on their head and wore thick armour. They were also slower and spoke in a higher pitched voice. (DW: Warriors of the Deep)

The Sea Devils were closely related to Silurians, though far enough apart genetically to create problems for the offspring. (MA: The Scales of Injustice)

Third Eye
The Silurians possessed a third eye on their forehead which was capable of being used as a weapon. They were able to activate as well as use their technology through the use of the eye allowing them to open passageways or create forcefields to trap prisoners. The eye was equally capable of harming organic beings and killing them even or leaving them unconscious. The energy of the eye allowed them to burn through walls and create tunnels. (DW: Doctor Who and the Silurians)

They were a telepathic species and were capable of communicating with one another as well as their creatures such as the dinosaurs. This process was referred to as "linking" which made literature a non-existent factor within their culture. Furthermore, they were capable of using their telekinesis to kill or move objects. (NA: Blood Heat)

Lifespan
The typical lifespan of a Silurian was 200 to 250 years (DW: Scales of Injustice)

Culture
The Silurians were described as generally a peaceful race with their highest laws preventing outright warfare except in the case of defensive engagements. (DW: Warriors of the Deep)

Technology
The Silurians weren’t much more advanced then the Humans of the 1900s, though they still had many advancements unknown to the Humans. They had simple cryogenic technology, though it had a faulty timer and relied on nearby energy sources. Though they could use their genetic technology to create such creatures as the Myrka, they were still having problems with Silurian/Sea Devil hybrids’ deficiencies. They had some holographic technology as well. The Silurians processed their own food and didn’t rely on harvesting animals or plants. (MA: The Scales of Injustice) They also used mechanical airships, which Bernice used and found to be of high quality. (NA: St Anthony's Fire)

Other noted technological abilities of the Silurians included the ability to disperse the Van Allen belt, which would have left Earth defenceless against cosmic radiation. Furthermore, they demonstrated their ability in creating a genetically engineered plague, which they once used against early Humans who invaded their crop settlements. The disease was highly virulent to Humans and was used as a form of 'pest control'. (DW: Doctor Who and the Silurians)

Though the Sea Devils used sonic weaponry, the Silurians relied on the Sea Devils and their third eye for defensive purposes. As such, the Silurians tended not to use weaponry, though they used a Battlecruiser for transportation and offensive purposes. (DW: Warriors of the Deep)

Original Rule
At some point in Earth’s history, the Silurians were the rulers of the planet. They were led by the Triad and used the Sea Devils as soldiers. Eventually, they discovered a large planet coming dangerously close to Earth. This panicked the Silurians, who sent themselves into hibernation to protect their species. Though this planet was actually just the Moon, the hibernation technology was faulty. After millions of years, some, but not all of the shelters have been awakened. (DW: Doctor Who and the Silurians)

Re-awakenings
Charles Darwin and the HMS Beagle expedition, along with the Doctor and Evelyn Smith encountered a rogue Silurian group in the Galápagos Islands. It was revealed that the leader of this group had been responsible for creating humanity's prehistoric ancestors via a forbidden breeding program. (BFA: Bloodtide)

Jules Verne and the Doctor once encountered Silurians and a giant squid. This adventure would be reworked into 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, though the Doctor had some difficulties convincing Jules to remove the parts with the Silurians. (TDA: Peacemaker)

In the late 20th century a group of Silurians were awakened from hibernation by the energy from the nearby nuclear power research centre at Wenley Moor. After disagreement between Okdel K'to and Morka over this course of action, Morka won out and the Silurians then attempted reclaim the planet from Humanity by releasing a deadly virus. This plan was stopped by UNIT and the Doctor. Despite the Doctor's best efforts to broker a peaceful solution, the Silurian base was bombed by UNIT on Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart's order. (DW: Doctor Who and the Silurians)



Shortly afterwards, a different base of Silurians was found. They too wanted to take back Earth, and there was also a schism of power leading to the eventual second invasion. (MA: The Scales of Injustice)

By 2003 there were Silurians serving as part of UNIT, in particular Imorkal, who was working with Liz Shaw at Tranquillity Moonbase on Earth's Moon. (NA: Eternity Weeps)

A number of decades later, General Sir Lethbridge-Stewart, the Silurians attempted to finally make peace in the humans, though the general public believed it to be a stunt involving men in rubber suits. (UNIT: The Coup). Later, the Silurians aided UNIT in finding a cure for a deadly plague. (UNIT: The Wasting)


 * How this peace eventually breaks down into the open hostility some eighty years later at Seabase 4 is not known.

Circa 2084, a group of Silurians allied themselves with the Sea Devils to invade Seabase 4. They attempted to steal the Proton missiles to provoke a war between the two major power blocs. They were killed when the based was flooded with Hexachromite gas. (DW: Warriors of the Deep)

By the 26th century they have been accepted into Terran society, when the term "Earth Reptile" was apparently popularized among the Humans. (NA: Love and War)

Alternative histories

 * In one alternative version of the 1990s, the Doctor having died during the Wenley Moor incident, in his third incarnation. the Silurians rule Earth unchecked, introducing dinosaurs into Earth's ecosystem. (NA: Blood Heat)
 * In another alternative 1990s, the Doctor died during the same incident. Silurians, Sea Devils and Humans live, however in peace, under the URIC or United Races Intelligence Command, formerly known as UNIT. (DWM: Final Genesis)

Other information

 * The Silurians have never been accurately dated. As implied by their names, they were first said to be from the Silurian period (roughly 440 million to 415 million years ago), though this was before the first reptiles had evolved. The Third Doctor stated they were from the Eocene period (roughly 55 million to 35 million years ago), but this was after the extinction of the dinosaurs (which the Silurians were shown using). The Silurians were also seen using a map of Pangea from around 200 million years ago. The PDA The Quantum Archangel suggests that the Moon was orbiting the Earth before 150 million BCE, which means the Silurians ruled before then.
 * One account shows portrays Cybermen on Mondas discovering Silurians and Sea Devils during an unspecified time in the past. Whether these Earth Reptiles evolved on Mondas or were transported there is not clear. The strip also portrays Golgoth, a primordial god-figure, who resembles a Sea Devil and may have some link to the Silurians. (DWM: The Cybermen: The Dead Heart).
 * One account has the Silurians referred to by the Latin name Psionosauropodamorphae, which literally translates as psychic lizard-foot shaped. This may be intended to suggest a connection between the Silurians and the sauropod family of dinosaurs, though this seems unlikely given the near-total lack of physical resemblance and the relatively tiny cerebral capacity of most sauropod dinosaurs. (NA: Blood Heat)