Chronotis

Salyavin was an infamous criminal Time Lord, who used his unique power of mind-control to make others do his will. Despite being a dangerous and wanted criminal, the Doctor grew up looking up to the man. After being caught by his own species, he was sentenced to be held on Shada, a prison planet. He escaped shortly into his sentencing and took on the false identity Professor Chronotis. When he moved to Earth from Gallifrey to retire, he took with him the "The Worshipful and Ancient Law of Gallifrey", which was the key to finding the prison, so that no one could ever find it.

As Salyavin
Salyavin lived over ten thousand years before the Doctor's time. (PROSE: Shada)

Like all Time Lords, Salyavin was taken from his family at the age of eight for the selection process in the Drylands. Staring into the Untempered Schism as part of a Time Lord initiation rite, Salyavin was driven mad by what he saw in the Schism. (PROSE: A Brief History of Time Lords)

He had great mental powers, and was able to move his mind into another's. Though he had no malicious intent, the High Council was suspicious of him and his powers. Though he continued to move up the ranks, he simply wanted a quiet life of reading. The Council decided to trick him, sending him to Shada as an official and planning to trap him inside forever.

Salyavin instead took control of his guardians, allowing him to escape. He then used his powers to make Salyavin into a myth and changed his identity to Chronotis. He also removed the knowledge of Shada from their minds, as well stealing the book The Worshipful and Ancient Law of Gallifrey. (PROSE: Shada)

As Chronotis
Chronotis lived a quiet life, acting as a librarian for nearly 12,000 years despite his people's obvious unease about his abilities. Eventually, for his years of service, the Time Lords allowed him to retire to another planet. He decided to move to St Cedd's College in Cambridge around the 17th century and lived in his TARDIS, disguised as his living quarters at the College. (PROSE: Shada) He had lived at the college for some time by 1889. (COMIC: The Time Machination)

Chronotis met the the Doctor in 1955 while he was in his fourth body and travelling with Sarah Jane Smith. A few years later, the First Doctor met Chronotis for the first time. (PROSE: Cambridge Previsited) The Doctor grew to know him as a friend, though he did not know of the connection between Salyavin and Chronotis. (PROSE: Shada)

When Salyavin began approaching his thirteenth incarnation, and thus the end of his cycle of regenerations, he sent a message to the Fourth Doctor to come and see him so he could return The Worshipful and Ancient Law of Gallifrey, which he had stolen. (WC: Shada, TV: Shada)

At the same time, Skagra was looking for a way into Shada and access to Salyavin. Combining a mind stealing sphere and Salyavin's ability to implant his mind, Skagra planned to merge minds with everyone in the universe. (PROSE: Shada) Salyavin died when Skagra's sphere attacked him, searching for information about The Worshipful and Ancient Law of Gallifrey. Skagra didn't realise that Chronotis was Salyavin. Due to a serendipitous mistake made by Clare Keightley with Salyavin's TARDIS, he was brought back into existence. (WC: Shada, TV: Shada) Skagra eventually made it to Shada, where he found out that Salyavin wasn't there. Unfortunately, Chris Parsons worked out who Salyavin was while he was in the room, allowing Skagra to take over his mind. After the Doctor defeated Skagra, Salyavin returned to Cambridge to live as Professor Chronotis. (PROSE: Shada)

Behind the scenes

 * It is suggested in various readings that Salyavin also appears in the Eighth Doctor Adventures novel Unnatural History as Professor Daniel Joyce, a professor at Berkeley. In the novel, the Eighth Doctor seeks his assistance while in San Francisco. However, other readings also suggest that Joyce is Ulysses, and his identity as Salyavin was blatantly denied by author Jonathan Blum.
 * Douglas Adams would reuse the character of Professor Urban Chronotis in his novel without elements copyright by the BBC. This character remains an absent-minded professor of St. Cedds who has lived for hundreds of years, but is not a Time Lord, or has forgotten such information. Instead travels by using an abacus to plot his route through the continuum, but this ability is lost when his telephone line is repaired.