Philippe Auguste

 was the King of France who laid the cornerstone for the Louvre in the 12th century — witnessed by one of the first five incarnations of the Doctor. (AUDIO: The Church and the Crown)

He was the enemy of his English counterpart Richard the Lionheart. While Richard was fighting in the Third Crusade in the Holy Land in 1190, his brother John planned to usurp his throne and trade with Philip of France. (TV: The Crusade)

Behind the scenes
The Fifth Doctor uses the French form of his name when recounting his story, but he is perhaps more commonly known today as Philip II.

He was played by Timothy Dalton in The Lion in Winter.