Augury

Augury was the belief that the future could be foretold largely from the flight of birds. Many different outcomes could be foretold depending on the number, flight path, and type of birds observed at certain types of the year. It was largely practiced in the Roman Empire, where it was sanctioned by the government. Persons who practiced augury were called augers.

Many local governments in Ancient Rome retained official augurs. The Tenth Doctor and Donna were opposed by such a person in Pompeii. (DW: The Fires of Pompeii)