Missing episode


 * For the Target Books' series, see Target Missing Episodes.

A "missing episode" is generally considered to be a televised episode of Doctor Who which no longer exists in its entirety. It is distinct from an episode which was never made, such as those which would have comprised the original season 23.

Technically, all 1960s episodes of Doctor Who, and a few of the Pertwee era, are missing, in that the original videotape masters were definitively lost. However, thanks to filmed copies of the masters, many of these episodes are still available for fans to view. In the case of the "missing" Pertwee episodes, filmed monochromatic duplicates of all the episodes survive, meaning that these are "missing-in-colour" only.

In a practical sense, then, a "missing episode" is one without either an extant videotape master or a filmed or digital duplicate. As of January 2010, there are currently 108 episodes of seasons 1-6 fully absent from the BBC's Film and Videotape Library.

Though these 108 missing episodes no longer exist in their entirety, several remnants exist for fans to sample. Clips — sometimes bits excised to comply with a network's editorial policies, sometimes bits included as teasers on other programmes — exist from many of the missing episodes. In a few rare instances, these clips are drawn from the original masters. Telesnaps, photographs taken of the performance as it was being videotaped or filmed, also exist of almost every missing episode. There are also instances, perhaps most notably with The Smugglers, where home video recordings of the actors in rehearsal on location at least give a flavor of what the characters might have looked like in costume.

By far the most common way for fans to enjoy missing episodes, however, is through audio. Complete audio tracks of all episodes exist, thanks to off-air recordings by fans in the 1960s. The soundtracks for the missing episodes have all been released with linking narration by the BBC Radio Collection. Scripts of these episodes are also easily accessible, further enhancing the fan's ability to enjoy the missing episodes.

History
In the early days of British television, episodes were not generally repeated after their original broadcast. Contracts with various parties, in particular the musicians' and actors' unions, gave broadcasters a limited time frame in which their recorded material could be used. Most episodes of television programmes were therefore not re-broadcast. As the videotape was relatively costly at the time, the medium was actually more valuable than the content recorded on that medium. Since home video had not yet become a viable commercial product, there was thus no financial incentive to keep previously-broadcast material in the BBC archives. It made more sense, at least in the short term, to wipe and reuse videotape than it did to to pay to have the apparently useless episodes indefinitely stored.

What's perhaps unusual about Doctor Who is that there were in fact two purges. The first, involving the videotaped masters, was absolute, insofar as the 1960s episodes were concerned. All episodes were wiped, so that the videotape could be reused. The second was the junking of the filmed duplicates of the master. This second purge was much more haphazard. Why certain filmed prints were junked, while others remained, has no single answer. Episodes were junked at different times, for different reasons. The trashing of the filmed copies was clearly not carried out by persons familiar with Doctor Who, else certain key episodes — notably those in which the Doctor regenerated or companions came and went — would surely have been retained.

Doctor Who was just one of many programmes to suffer these purges. However, its unusually serialized nature was particularly affected by the haphazard manner in which the filmed duplicates were purged. In the case of, for example, sitcoms, the loss of a single episode meant the loss of a single story. With Doctor Who the loss of a single episode meant that an individual story would then be incomplete. As a result, some serials of Doctor Who were affected more greatly than others.

Recovery of full episodes
As new contracts were struck with performers' unions, and home video began to be seen as a viable commercial enterprise, the BBC established an Archive Department charged with recovering lost material. The BBC was particularly pressurized to begin the recovery of Doctor Who episodes by Ian Levine, a "fan adviser" officially employed by the Doctor Who production office. The efforts he helped to start would eventually result in the recovery of several episodes.

One particularly rich vein of recovery was through BBC Enterprises, the arm of the BBC which sold BBC products outside the United Kingdom. Their own archives were in fact separate from those of the BBC, and no one had bothered to cross check their holdings against those of the BBC proper. This simple check resulted in some of the earliest recoveries. At the same time, sales records held by Enterprises allowed investigators to trace filmed duplicates to various overseas broadcasters. A global hunt then began, which has resulted in several finds. One of the more notable was when the entirety of Tomb of the Cybermen was found in Hong Kong in 1992.

At the same time, what emerged was the fact that the Troughton episodes had been significantly less popular overseas than the Hartnell ones. There were thus fewer possible locations for duplicates of Second Doctor episodes. Consequently, there are fewer remaining episodes of Troughton's Doctor than any other, despite the fact that he recorded more episodes of Doctor Who than almost any other single actor.

Outside of the "official" paper trail, episodes have sometimes turned up in the hands of private collectors. Because the owners have a legal right to own the physical prints, the BBC has offered to let the collectors retain their copies, after making a duplicate for the Archive.

Recovery of clips
For many of the missing episodes, short clips exist. These come from several sources:
 * clips used in contemporaneous television programs which exist
 * clips used in other episodes of Doctor Who
 * The censor clips: material physically cut from episodes by the censors in Australia and New Zealand
 * The 6-minute-long clip from Galaxy 4, given to Jan-Vincent Rudski
 * The 8mm cine reel filmed by an unknown fan pointing a film camera at the television screen.

The vast majority of these clips were released on the Lost in Time DVD box set. A few clips discovered later were released on the Genesis of the Daleks DVD.

Restoration
Often the copies had been damaged over time and needed huge resources to restore and repair them. A separate Restoration Team was commissioned to work on the material. Working with separately available soundtrack material their aim was to master a copy of a quality suitable for broadcast or/and commercial release.

Doctor Who was an obvious choice for the new restoration processes, with a virtually guaranteed market for the end product, in this sense Doctor Who was once again a leader in television technology.

A variety of techniques were employed to fill the damaged or missing gaps including reversals, repeating, re-editing, using better quality clips from other sources, recolouring black and white copies with existing colour episodes, etc.

30th Anniversary Releases
During 1992/93 a new re-colouring process was employed by the Restoration Team. By overlaying a colour home recorded (American) copy onto an existing previously-colour-but-only-held-by-the-BBC-in black-white copy.

Three video releases were made possible by this process:
 * The Dæmons
 * Doctor Who and the Silurians
 * Terror of the Autons

Doctor Who Restoration Team
The Doctor Who Restoration Team restores all episodes which are earmarked for DVD release.

Jon Pertwee stories
No episode of the Jon Pertwee era is completely absent from the BBC Archive. However, some of the episodes exist only as monochromatic film prints, mostly recovered from overseas broadcasters. Though filmed in colour, most of the world's broadcasters did not then transmit in colour, requiring BBC Enterprises to provide monochromatic prints for overseas sales.

No longer held in original colour

 * The Ambassadors of Death
 * Episodes 2-4, 6 & 7


 * The Mind of Evil
 * Episodes 1-6


 * Planet of the Daleks
 * Episode 3 (since recolourised and released by BBC DVD in a box set with the other 5 episodes and the DVD of the previous story, Frontier in Space).


 * Invasion of the Dinosaurs
 * Episode 1

Other colour versions

 * Doctor Who and the Silurians
 * Color only exists in a poor NTSC copy
 * Color and higher-quality B&W copy recombined by Doctor Who Restoration Team


 * The Ambassadors of Death
 * Color only exists in a very poor NTSC copy, with frequent total color dropouts.
 * Color and higher-quality B&W copy recombined by Doctor Who Restoration Team where possible.
 * Released in mixed Black and White/Colour


 * Inferno
 * Color only exists in a poor NTSC copy
 * Color and higher-quality B&W copy recombined by Doctor Who Restoration Team


 * Terror of the Autons
 * Color only exists in a poor NTSC copy
 * Color and higher-quality B&W copy recombined by Doctor Who Restoration Team


 * The Mind of Evil
 * Only six minutes exist in color, from a poor NTSC copy. The rest of all six episodes exist only in B&W.


 * The Dæmons
 * Except for Episode 4, color only exists in a poor NTSC copy
 * Color and higher-quality B&W copy recombined by Doctor Who Restoration Team


 * Planet of the Daleks
 * Episode 3 excists only as B&W
 * Episode 3 re-coloured by the Doctor Who Restoration Team


 * Invasion of the Dinosaurs
 * Part One (onscreen title "Invasion Part One") only exists in B&W.

Nearly complete episodes
Some of the episodes held by the BBC are not, in fact, complete. Perhaps they have massive physical damage across a few frames, or maybe they were recovered from copies that had frames removed by overseas censors. In this latter case, the missing material has also been recovered as a separate clip. Sometimes, it has been re-integrated in to a home video release. However, a few remain minimally incomplete:
 * The Keys of Marinus episodes 2 & 4
 * The Celestial Toymaker episode 4
 * The War Machines episode 3 & 4

The VHS releases of The Time Meddler and The Dominators contained additional cuts due to material which was missing from the archives at the time, but has since been recovered. Because there have been multiple home video releases of these episodes, some versions have had the missing clips restored, while others do not.