Victorian era

The Victorian era was a time period in the United Kingdom during Queen Victoria's reign from 1837 on the 19th century to 1901 on the 20th. With the exception of the 20th and early 21st centuries, the Victorian age was arguably the most invaded era of the Earth. With its heaving slums, the teeming metropolis of Victoria London was a good place to lose yourself if you were in a hurry to escape the authorities. It was often cited that one in every hundred citizens of the city during the Victorian age was a masquerading alien or fugitive from another era. (PROSE: The Whoniverse)

It was seen by many as a golden age in the history of planet Earth, a forward-looking time when anything seemed possible, if only the technology could keep up with the ambition of the people. Scientific breakthrough followed philosophical reassessment, inventiveness powered industry, and art and literature flourished, with notable painters of the era including Vincent van Gogh (PROSE: The Whoniverse) and authors including Charles Dickens (TV: The Unquiet Dead) and Arthur Conan Doyle. (PROSE: Evolution, TV: The Snowmen) The era was a revolution of enlightenment and progress. (PROSE: The Whoniverse)

The Industrial Revolution had led to people migrating from the country to the towns and cities. Some members of the landed gentry created model villages to provide housing for the workers on there estates, with notable examples including Bournville, Port Sunlight and Sweetville. (PROSE: A History of Humankind)

By the late Victoria era, the British Empire was expanding and the prevailing feeling was that an expansion of British control around the world was good for everyone. (PROSE: A History of Humankind) However, a worm lurked at the very heart of the bud: corruption, poverty, oppression and prejudice walked hand in hand with luxury and excess; the divide between different social strata had never been greater. (PROSE: The Whoniverse)

The Doctor had a number of friends in the Victorian period, including Henry Gordon Jago and George Litefoot, (TV: The Talons of Weng-Chiang, et al) as well as the Paternoster Gang, which included Madame Vastra, Jenny Flint and Strax. The era was also home to Clara Oswin Oswald. (TV: The Snowmen)

The Fourth Doctor said that he loved the Victorian era. (AUDIO: The Justice of Jalxar)

Petticoats belong to the Victorian style of clothing. (AUDIO: Oh No It Isn't!)

History
The Torchwood Institute was founded by Queen Victoria during this era. (TV: Tooth and Claw) Penelope Gate was also born in this era. (PROSE: The Room With No Doors)

The 51st century war criminal Magnus Greel fled to the Victorian era using a time cabinet. There, he was assisted by Li H'sen Chang in establishing a base beneath the Palace Theatre in London. He was eventually exposed by the Fourth Doctor and Leela, aided by theatre owner Henry Gordon Jago and pathologist George Litefoot. (TV: The Talons of Weng-Chiang) Jago and Litefoot later had several adventures on their own in this era. (PROSE: The Bodysnatchers, AUDIO: The Mahogany Murderers, Jago & Litefoot)

The Eleventh Doctor, after the loss of former companions Amelia Pond and Rory Williams, retired in Victorian age London for a period of time before meeting an echo of Clara Oswald. (TV: The Snowmen)

Early Victorian era
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1830s
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1840s
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1850s
In 1851, a group of Cybermen crash-landed in Victorian London. They co-opted Mercy Hartigan - matron of the St Joseph's Workhouse - into a temporary alliance, establishing an underground workshop and forge.Hartigan acquired a workforce of kidnapped and orphaned children, whom the put to work forging the CyberKing. The Tenth Doctor stopped the CyberKing as it began laying waste to London, (TV: The Next Doctor) eradicating it using a Dalek Dimension Vault (PROSE: The Whoniverse) before it could fall and crush the city. (TV: The Next Doctor)

Mid Victorian era
As the British Empire grew, it left itself open to outside influence and attacks. (PROSE: The Whoniverse) In order to protect the Empire from extrterrestrial threats, Queen Victoria founded the Torchwood Institute, (TV: Tooth and Claw) which would protect the interests of both Britain and planet Earth into the 21st century. (TV: Everything Changes)

1860s
Prince Albert died in December 1861, leaving Queen Victoria a widow. (PROSE: The Lampblack Wars)

The Fifth Doctor spent a year in Victorian London from November 1866 to November 1867 while waiting for the TARDIS. He lived in a house at 107 Baker Street, went by the alias "Doctor Walters" and had an assistant, scientist Robert McIntosh. (AUDIO: The Haunting of Thomas Brewster)

In 1869, a space-time rift in Cardiff provided an escape route for the Gelth from the Great Time War. The Gelth made contact with Gwyneth, a servant girl, and pleaded for her to let them through and allow them to make use of corpses in order to sustain their species. Upon opening the rift, their true plan became apparent: they intended to murder the human race, inhabitaing their bodies and turning the Earth into a desolate world populated only by zombies. Charles Dickens used natural gas to draw the Gelth out of thir bodies. Gwyneth then ignited the gas, killing the Gelth and sealing the rift. (TV: The Unquiet Dead)

1870s
One of the greatest mysteries of the age occurred in 1872, when the Mary Celeste was found adrift in the Atlantic Ocean (PROSE: The Whoniverse) on 4 December. (PROSE: The Secret Lives of Monsters) Although she was still seaworthy, there was no sign of the crew. The ship was well provisioned, and the captain and crew's belongings were still there. (PROSE: A History of Humankind) Various theories were put forward regarding what had happened. (PROSE: The Whoniverse) By one account they jumped overboard to escape the Daleks, which they believed were the Barbary Terror. (TV: The Chase) Another account claimed that the crew were abducted by the Arcturians, (PROSE: The Mystery of the Marie Celeste) and there was one story that an Enzomodon ambassador digested the whole crew in an attempt to communicate. (TV: The Eaters of Light)

In 1879, after her train was waylaid by a fallen tree on the line, Queen Victoria and her party were forced to take to the roads to complete their journey to Balmoral. When night set in, she decided to take shelter at Torchwood House. A group of monks, known as the Brethren, seized control of Torchwood House and released a werewolf, through the bite of which they planned to bring about a new era: the Empire of the Wolf. The Tenth Doctor used a telescope at the house, along with the Koh-i-Noor, to drown the wolf in burning light. Alarmed by what she had witnessed, Queen Victoria established the Torchwood Institute. (TV: Tooth and Claw)

Late Victorian era
During the late Victoria era, the British Empire was expanding and the prevailing feeling was that an expansion of British control around the world was good for everyone. (PROSE: A History of Humankind) However, a worm lurked at the very heart of the bud: corruption, poverty, oppression and prejudice walked hand in hand with luxury and excess; the divide between different social strata had never been greater, and this was nowhere more noticeable than in London itself. (PROSE: The Whoniverse) The Fourth Doctor referred to child labour as being one of the worst aspects of the Victorian era. (AUDIO: The Ghosts of Gralstead) He considered the aroma of Victorian England to be "bracing". However, Romana I described it as being "rancid". (AUDIO: The Justice of Jalxar)

The late Victorian era was dominated by two prime ministers: William Ewart Gladstone and Benjamin Disraeli. (PROSE: A History of Humankind) Balmoral Castle had become recognised as an official residence of the Royal Family following the death of Prince Albert. (PROSE: The Whoniverse)

As the era drew to a close, a new era of expansion was flourishing in the United States of America as frontiers people began to colonise the West. (PROSE: The Whoniverse)

1880s
During excavations for the building of the London Underground, an incident with dormant Silurians occurred. In that occasion, the Doctor found and saved Vastra, who started to live among humans as a detective, along with Jenny. In 1888, Vastra found and slew Jack the Ripper before eating him; she was summoned to Demons Run by the Eleventh Doctor, from there she brought back the Sontaran Strax, who became her servant in London. (TV: A Good Man Goes to War, WC: The Battle of Demons Run: Two Days Later) Vastra, Jenny and Strax became known as the Paternoster Gang, after the name of the street they lived in. (TV: The Snowmen)

1890s
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1900s
After seeing seven chair legs in the attic of 10 Downing Street in July 1900, Vicki Pallister wondered if there were wooden androids in Victorian London. However, she did not ask the Doctor if this was the case as she thought that it was probably something that she was supposed to already know. (AUDIO: Upstairs)