Moon

A moon (also known as a natural satellite) was an astronomical object found in orbit around a planet.

Some moons, like Voga, were planetoids brought into orbit around a planet by the planet's gravity, while others were the result of a collision between objects during the formation of a solar system. (TV: Revenge of the Cybermen)

Sol
By the year 200,000, Earth was orbited by five moons. (TV: The Long Game) Earth's first Moon was in fact an alien egg and hatched in 2049, being replaced immediately by another egg the hatchling laid. (TV: Kill the Moon)

The Third Doctor sang of Martian moons, (TV: Inferno) of which there were two: Deimos and Phobos. (AUDIO: Deimos, Phobos)

Kasterborous
Across its history, Gallifrey had at least three moons. An unnamed satellite, the heavily industrialised Pazithi Gallifreya (COMIC: Agent Provocateur) and the lost moon, Botoya. Built into the latter was a device that could rewrite history on a grand scale, which was why the Doctor suspected the Ancients of Gallifrey had hidden the moon. Botoya subsequently became a legend in Gallifreyan culture, one not widely believed in. (AUDIO: The End of the Beginning)

Other moons
The Eleventh Doctor once offered to take Amy Pond and Rory Williams to a moon that was actually made of honey for their honeymoon. He later corrected himself, saying it wasn't made of actual honey, and it wasn't actually a moon. It was in fact technically alive "and a bit carnivorous, but there are some lovely views." (TV: A Christmas Carol)

The Shadow Proclamation tended to the matter of "suicide moons". (TV: The Magician's Apprentice)

Kepzyr, a moon of Zorbos, was well populated with trees before it was heavily deforested in the 39th century. (PROSE: Frank Reade, Jr.'s Electric Time Canoe)

Other references
"Moons of madness" was a curse sworn by the Captain. (TV: The Pirate Planet)

"By the moons" was an oath sworn by the Ice Warriors and those who did them honour, such as Clara Oswald and the Twelfth Doctor. (TV: Cold War, Empress of Mars)

Luna