The Edge of Destruction (TV story)

"I know... I know!"

- The Doctor

The Edge of Destruction was the third story of Season 1 of Doctor Who. The story is unique for the original series in that it is set entirely inside the TARDIS and features only the regular cast members.

Synopsis
A mysterious blast renders the TARDIS crew unconscious. They awake disorientated and soon find that the TARDIS is strangely malfunctioning. As all the systems breakdown, the behaviour of the crew becomes more erratic. Soon the Doctor comes to believe that the school teachers are behind the malfunctions in an attempt to blackmail him into taking them home.

Gradually it becomes clear that the problems are a warning from the TARDIS. It seems that a spring has broken on the Fast Return Switch causing the TARDIS to travel back through time towards the creation of the Milky Way Galaxy. The Doctor corrects the problem and the travellers are able to escape.

The Edge of Destruction (1)
The Doctor, while attempting to correct the TARDIS's faulty navigation circuits, causes a small explosion. The Doctor, Barbara, Ian and Susan are all temporarily rendered unconscious. Barbara is the first to recover and awakens Ian and Susan, who appear to have slight cases of amnesia. The Doctor is lying on the floor with a gash on his head. Susan recovers her senses enough to retrieve a special healing bandage from the ship's first aid kit, and water from the food machine for her injured grandfather. Suddenly, Susan becomes convinced that an alien presence is on board and has seized control of the ship.

The TARDIS doors begin intermittently opening and closing of their own accord, and when Susan attempts to operate the door switch on the console, she receives an electrical shock. As the Doctor begins to revive, Barbara tends to him while Ian carries Susan to her room. There she stabs at him with a pair of scissors, rips her bed to shreds, then collapses.

Later, the Doctor, Barbara, and Ian discuss the situation, with all three alternating between clarity of mind and paranoid sniping. The Doctor checks the system controls with Ian's assistance, while Barbara checks on Susan, who has retrieved the scissors and again attempts to attack one of her teachers with them, but stops herself from doing any real harm.

When the Doctor attempts to determine their location with the view scanner, he finds only images which he recognizes as records of the TARDIS's previous journeys. The last image, an explosion, puzzles him. Susan by now is convinced that not only has an alien intelligence entered the ship, but that it has taken over one or more persons on board. When the Doctor opens the TARDIS doors, they quickly close themselves again. Because Ian happened to be standing near the switch, he is suspected of having closed them. Soon, the Doctor and Susan begin to distrust their human companions. Barbara angrily refutes the Doctor's suspicions with a recap of their recent adventure on Skaro, where she and Ian risked their lives to save the Doctor and Susan from the Daleks. Her tirade is abruptly ended when she sees the cathedral clock the Doctor keeps in the console room has melted, a sight which horrifies her.

The Doctor excuses himself from the room and returns with a tray full of drinks, a "nightcap" which he offers as a peace offering to his companions. Barbara, Susan, and Ian retire to their quarters and drink the nightcaps, not knowing that the Doctor has drugged them. With his companions knocked out, the Doctor hopes to tackle the problem of his disabled ship without interference.

Looking on his companions to confirm they are asleep, the Doctor proceeds to examine the console when a pair of hands grabs his throat...

The Brink of Disaster (2)
The Doctor's attacker is none other than Ian. A strange force has overridden the effects of the drug and compelled Ian to stop the Doctor from operating the TARDIS controls. Once Ian recognizes the Doctor, he collapses. Barbara enters and finds herself and Ian openly accused by the Doctor of sabotage.

As Barbara tries to reason with the Doctor, Susan enters the room and sides with her grandfather, but then finds herself believing in her teacher's innocence. The Doctor is threatening to put the humans off his ship when an alarm sounds. The fault locator lights up, showing faults in every system. An explosion rocks the ship. The Doctor realizes that the TARDIS's power source, located beneath the console, is trying to force its way out and they are only minutes from destruction.

Faced with a common peril, the travellers forget their differences and begin to work together. Barbara deduces that the strange events are an attempt by the TARDIS itself to warn the crew that something is wrong. The Doctor traces the problem to a broken spring in the Fast Return Switch. The malfunction is causing the TARDIS to head back to the beginning of time; the strange events were just the TARDIS's attempts to warn its passengers before the ship is destroyed. Fixing the switch brings all back to normal. The Doctor is forced to do what he least enjoys - apologise, and admit that he was wrong about Barbara and Ian.

The TARDIS materializes on a snowy landscape, where Susan spots a giant footprint in the snow...

Cast

 * The Doctor - William Hartnell
 * Ian Chesterton - William Russell
 * Barbara Wright - Jacqueline Hill
 * Susan Foreman - Carole Ann Ford

Crew

 * Writer - David Whitaker
 * Director - Richard Martin (episode 1), Frank Cox (episode 2)
 * Producer - Verity Lambert
 * Script Editor - David Whitaker
 * Designer - Raymond Cusick
 * Assistant Floor Manager - Jeremy Hare
 * Associate Producer - Mervyn Pinfield
 * Costumes - Daphne Dare
 * Make-Up - Ann Ferriggi
 * Production Assistant - Tony Lightley
 * Special Sounds - Brian Hodgson
 * Studio Lighting - Dennis Channon
 * Studio Sound - Jack Brummitt
 * Theme Arrangement - Delia Derbyshire
 * Title Music - Ron Grainer

Astronomical objects

 * The Doctor and Susan have visited the planet Quinnis in the fourth universe four of five journeys ago.
 * Sun

Individuals / Cultural references

 * The coat the Doctors lends Ian was given to him by Gilbert and Sullivan.

Planets

 * Susan mentions Quinnis
 * The TARDIS crew have just departed Skaro

Races and species

 * The Daleks are mentioned

Story Notes

 * The first story featuring only the Doctor and his companions.
 * The only other televised stories to take place entirely inside the TARDIS are the Children in Need Special and Time Crash.
 * This story is also known as Inside the Spaceship, The Brink of Disaster and Beyond the Sun.
 * All episodes exist in 16mm telerecordings.
 * Both episodes were recovered from the negative film prints discovered at BBC Enterprises in 1978.
 * An Arabic print is also held.
 * This story was written to make up the number of episodes and meet the shows commitment to the BBC. The show was initially commissioned for 13 episodes. An Unearthly Child (4), The Daleks (7) and therefore an additional 2 episodes were required in case the show should be cancelled at this point.
 * Some of the music from this story was released as Doctor Who at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop, Volume One - The Early Years, 1963 - 1969.

Ratings

 * The Edge of Destruction - 10.4 million viewers
 * The Brink of Disaster - 9.9 million viewers

Myths

 * This story had the working title Beyond the Sun. (This was a working title used for The Daleks) (See Also: Disputed story titles).
 * This story was written at short notice because the set for Marco Polo was not complete (See notes for real reason).

Filming Locations

 * Lime Grove Studios (Studio D)

Discontinuity, Plot Holes, Errors

 * In the first episode, the studio floor is visible in the "white void" outside the TARDIS.
 * The Doctor tells Ian that they only have 5 minutes to survive in episode 2 - yet it takes over 5 minutes before they release the fast return switch. The Doctor even takes time to deliver a long and rather pointless speech when he knows that their end is only a few seconds away.
 * The TARDIS crew do well to spot the patterns to the TARDIS warnings - especially since they only start in episode 2 after happening randomly in episode 1.
 * William Hartnell has a bit of a nightmare, completely throwing the other actors during one scene by saying the same line ("It's not very likely") twice, and fumbling "You knocked both Susan and I unconscious". He also omits the scripted explanation for the melted clocks.
 * Two floor assistants' shadows can be seen in episode 1, against the door leading into the bedroom and food machine area.
 * Given the circumstances, the TARDIS' cloister bell (see Logopolis) should have activated. (In fact, a warning claxon is heard in Planet of Giants, under similar peril. The safest assumption is that the ship's alarm system, too, was malfunctioning. One can then conclude that the Doctor simply modified the sound of the alarm heard in Giants into the familiar sound of the cloister bell.)
 * This story is the first in a long line of stories which demonstrates the effects of unexpectedly opening the TARDIS doors while the ship is in flight. Since the effects are benign, aside from Susan being thrown against the console on one occasion, it does seem to contradict later monochromatic stories, Planet of Giants and The Enemy of the World. In those later stories, opening the doors miniaturized the TARDIS (Giants) or sucked Salamander out into the time vortex (Enemy). (The effects of opening the TARDIS doors when the ship is in flight has had varying results throughout the history of Doctor Who. Most recently, the Tenth Doctor has shown us that he seems to have developed some control over those effects. He regularly opened the TARDIS doors with Donna, because, he explained, "the TARDIS is protecting us". This suggests some kind of shield. However, in The Family of Blood, he somehow ejected a passenger through the front doors into a black hole, and in The Runaway Bride, Donna was able to alight the TARDIS by jumping into it as it moved. Both feats suggest that the "shield" is highly flexible, and may envelop persons, rather than being a simple "drape" over the TARDIS entryway. One possible explanation for "problematical" openings of the TARDIS doors is that they all seem to happen while the TARDIS is traveling in the time vortex. Due to the malfunctioning TARDIS, we cannot say for certain when it is traveling in Destruction and when not. The time rotor, like everything else on the ship, simply isn't working. However, we can say that in the case of Enemy and Giants, the TARDIS was very definitely in the time vortex when opening the doors produced a negative consequence. And we can also say that the Tenth Doctor has never opened the TARDIS doors while in the vortex.)
 * The First Doctor rejects the notion of the TARDIS as a living entity. This stands in subtle contrast to various statements by some later Doctors — the Third and Fourth Doctors often anthropomorphized the TARDIS, for instance — but is most strongly opposed by statements of the Ninth and Tenth. It's implausible that the Tenth Doctor, in particular, would be able to speak about the fact that TARDISes are grown, while the First Doctor would suggest they're mere machines that are built. Surely as the original owner, and longest resident of Gallifrey, the First Doctor would be the source of the Tenth Doctor's knowledge of the organic nature of TARDISes. (A non-traditional reading of this story involves viewing the entire adventure as a game the First Doctor is playing in order see how Barbara and Ian problem solve. That the Doctor might be the cause of the entire situation is, after all, consistent with his characterization up to this point. The same man who falsely created a need for mercury on Skaro in the previous adventure would seem perfectly capable of creating a false emergency on board the TARDIS. Indeed, his "apology" to Barbara at the end of the episode is less conciliatory than congratulatory. He essentially diagnoses her emotional problem like a scientist ticking off predicted reactions, then seemingly gives her a pat on the head for coming through the ordeal. When the story is viewed in this unconventional light, the Doctor could be seen as merely "acting" when he rejects Ian's notion of a "living TARDIS", in order push Ian into developing his hypothesis more fully.') (Or he is simply lying because he has yet to come to trust humans & the true nature of the TARDIS is a big secret. This is consistent with his demeanor mellowing after this episode as he is finally starting to trust Barbara & Ian - his first human companions.)
 * The Fast Return Switch should have sent them back to 100,000 BC as that was the last place it visited prior to Skaro and not 1963 London. (This faux pas can be explained in several different ways. The most obvious is that the Doctor's understanding of the TARDIS at this point is apparently rudimentary, compared to what it would become in later incarnations. Since it was not he, but really a combination of Ian and Barbara, who traced the problem to the Fast Return Switch, it's easy to conclude that the First Doctor didn't really understand its functionality fully. Alternately, it might be that the feature allows you to "lock" any location into the system as the "default Fast Return point". It is also possible that each press of the button "undoes" each previous step. Perhaps one press would've taken the ship to 100,000 BC, but two presses would've taken them back to 1963. Finally, as outlined above, it's possible that the Doctor is playing an elaborate game with his companions in this story. The Doctor seen in An Unearthly Child would never take Ian and Barbara back home at this point; he deliberately kidnapped them, after all. Yet, even if he wants to return them, statements in both of the previous adventures suggest it's simply not possible. Thus, his description of a button that could magically take the crew back to 1963 London seems obviously farfetched to the audience, but something which Ian and Barbara just might accept in their then-desperation to return home. In any case, this story dashes any hope of using the Fast Return Switch at all, almost as soon as it raises it.)

Continuity

 * The TARDIS and its crew were placed into similar peril by the Master in DW: Castrovalva.
 * The TARDIS's abilities are further expanded upon in DW: Boom Town and DW: The Parting of the Ways.
 * The Fast Return Switch is again used in PDA: The Witch Hunters, BFA: Seasons of Fear and Neverland.
 * The TARDIS power source is beneath the central console. DW Boom Town suggests this is in fact the Heart of the TARDIS.The Doctor says that below the column is the heart of the machine,before saying that it's the power source.

Timeline

 * This story occurs after DW: The Daleks
 * This story occurs before DW: Marco Polo

DVD, Video and Other Releases



 * DVD Release

This story was released (Doctor Who: The Edge of Destruction) together with An Unearthly Child and The Daleks on The Beginning DVD box set.

Released:
 * Region 2 30th January 2006
 * PAL - BBC DVD BBCDVD1882


 * Region 4 2nd March 2006
 * PAL - Roadshow ????


 * Region 1 28th March 2006
 * NTSC - Warner Video E2489


 * Video Release

Released as Doctor Who: The Edge of Destruction and Dr Who: The Pilot Episode as a compilation video. The BBC originally intended to release this story in a box set with An Unearthly Child and The Daleks, but they changed their plans and decided to release each story individually.

Released:
 * UK Release: May 2000
 * PAL - BBC Video BBCV6877
 * US Release: October 2000
 * NTSC - Warner Video E1578 (2 tapes)

Notes: This video release includes the full takes of The Pilot Episode. The US release also included the documentary The Missing Years and episode 3 of The Underwater Menace.


 * Editing for VHS and DVD releases completed by Doctor Who Restoration Team.

Novelisation

 * Main article: The Edge of Destruction (novelisation)

This story was first published by Target Books as Doctor Who - The Edge of Destruction, by Nigel Robinson (ISBN 0-426-20327-5) on 20th October 1988. It was number 132 in Target Books Doctor Who Library and featured cover art by Alister Pearson. It was priced £1.99 with a print run of 23,000 copies.