Sleep

Sleep was, in "every sentient being in the universe", an essential (TV: Sleep No More) periodic state of physiological rest during which the body was not active and the mind was unconscious. Both the human and Gallifreyan species slept with their eyes closed. However, while humans normally required a full night's sleep, Gallifreyans could make do with as little as an hour. (PROSE: The Highlanders, AUDIO: Davros) The Doctor is known to have extra adventures while their companions are asleep. (HOMEVID: Bad Night, Clara and the TARDIS) In emoji, 😴 was the symbol used to denote a sleep state. (TV: Smile)

Even while having difficulty falling asleep during the night, a human would still experience short periods of non-REM sleep.

A human experiencing nightmares could try to perform the following actions in the sleep to wake up: In addition, Tanya Adeola had a theory that a brain in REM had a certain rhythm and that switching it to the heavy beat of alpha might cause awakening. (PROSE: The Stone House)
 * 1) concentrating, which would shift the brainwaves from theta to gamma and beta;
 * 2) observing things not present in ordinary life, which would alert the brain that it is sleeping;
 * 3) screaming, which would stimulate the amygdala and cause an upsurge of adrenaline, forcing the brain to open the eyes to assess the threat;
 * 4) blinking, which could cause the same action in real life;
 * 5) running.

Although a sleeping individual appeared entirely inactive, some functions of his or her brain were actually more active than during wakefulness. The high amplitude brain waves known as delta waves were associated with sleep. (TV: Kinda) When sleeping, series of thoughts, images, or emotions known as dreams could occur. (TV: The Time Monster)

During a certain stage of sleep, humans experienced an almost complete paralysis of the body, which prevented them from getting hurt while acting out the movements occurring in their dreams. (PROSE: Dry Pilgrimage)

Sleep occurred naturally, but could also be induced through soporific substances, (TV: The Name of the Doctor) technological augmentation of the delta waves, (TV: Kinda) or hypnosis. (TV: The War Machines)