Piltdown Man

The  was originally a counterfeit fossil later used as the basis for a group of individual, making Piltdown Men a species of sorts.

The original Piltdown Man was a skull created by the First Doctor from parts of a human cranium and filed-down ape jawbone in 1912. For forty years, it was considered by Earth scientists to be a missing evolutionary link between apes and humans, until the forgery was discovered. The Doctor created this skull to replace an alien skull found in a quarry near Piltdown by Charles Dawson. The Doctor knew that Dawson presented a "missing link" to the scientific community at this time and knew that later, after Dawson's death, it would be found to be a forgery. Thus, the Doctor had begrudgingly taken part in yet another bootstrap paradox. (AUDIO: The Suffering)

Going off the reputation of the Piltdown Man as the lost missing link between ape and man, Tim Connolly, in the City of the Saved, later used remembrance tanks to bring several actual, live Piltdown Men into existence. (PROSE: The Adventure of the Piltdown Prelate)