The Massacre (TV story)

The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve was the fifth story of Season 3 of Doctor Who. It marks the first appearance of Jackie Lane as companion Dodo Chaplet, although she only appears in the last few minutes of part 4.

The story is often given the abbreviated title The Massacre in reference books, in part because this variation is used for the Target novelisation.

Synopsis
The TARDIS materialises in Paris in the year 1572 and the First Doctor decides to visit the famous apothecary Charles Preslin. Steven, meanwhile, is befriended by a group of Huguenots from the household of the Protestant Admiral de Coligny. Having rescued a young serving girl, Anne Chaplet, from some pursuing guards, the Huguenots gain their first inkling of a heinous plan being hatched at the command of the Catholic Queen Mother, Catherine de Medici...



War of God (1)
The Doctor and Steven have landed in France, and from overhearing Nicholas Muss and Gaston de Leran talking about keeping the peace even though the Catholics of Paris hate them, the Doctor places their landing in the middle of the 16th century. With their place and time figured, the Doctor decides that he must track down the apothecary Charles Preslin to talk germinology. Now at a nearby tavern, the Doctor convinces Steven that there is no need for him to also go find Preslin, and Steven convinces the Doctor to let him sightsee on his own.

They agree that they will meet back at the tavern come evening, before leaving for the TARDIS. As the Doctor leaves, a man, Roger Colbert, who was about to enter the tavern, stops as he recognises the Doctor and then turns to follow. Steven notices this and makes to leave and follow the Doctor and his stalker, but the landlord stops him as Steven has not yet paid for his wine. Having only gold, which the landlord cannot turn into coin, Steven is unable to pay. Nicholas, seeing Steven's financial difficulties and recognising him as a foreigner to Paris, pays Steven's bill of two sous. Having lost the opportunity to follow the Doctor, Steven asks Nicholas for help in finding Preslin's shop, but draws some suspicion by mentioning that the Doctor wants to talk science with Preslin. Dropping the subject, Nicholas says that he will show Steven the way, but that Steven should first have a drink with them. Gaston is extremely suspicious of Steven, and questions Steven as to his business in Paris and where he has travelled. Steven, surprising Nicholas by mentioning having travelled to Egypt, decides to leave to find the Doctor. As Steven leaves the tavern, a servant girl, Anne Chaplet, runs into him before entering the tavern, and is quickly followed by four guards. In the tavern, the girl hides, and because the guards are Catholics and the girl is a fellow Huguenot, Nicholas and his friends hide the girl from the guards, but only Steven is interested in why she was running. Because of Steven's interest, Nicholas questions Anne and they learn that Anne had overheard the guards mention Wassy and "It will happen again before the week is up," implying another Huguenot massacre perpetrated by the Catholics. Nicholas decides to hide Anne in the kitchen of his master the Admiral Gaspard de Coligny, while Steven decides that, as evening is nearing, he will simply wait for the Doctor instead of searching for him.

Meanwhile, the Doctor has located Preslin's shop, and, not receiving an answer from his knocks, he lets himself in. At first Preslin maintains that Charles Preslin no longer occupies this shop, fearing that the Doctor has come from the Abbot of Amboise to find heretics. The Doctor convinces Preslin that he is not a servant of the Abbot, and is in fact a fellow scientist. With Preslin no longer afraid, he and the Doctor discuss Preslin's work, the Cardinal of Lorraine and the Abbot's hunt of scientists and Protestants, and the development of the microscope in Germany. With the news of the microscope, Preslin is convinced by the Doctor to renew his work as the microscope would allow him to prove of the existence of germs.

Back at the tavern, Simon Duval questions the landlord as to why his guards were unable to capture Anne, and is informed that Steven, still present, was amongst Nicholas and Gaston. He then politely strikes up a conversation with Steven about the approaching curfew hour, in order to learn who Steven is. With little success he turns back to the landlord, instructing him to watch for the friend that Steven is waiting for, and then ducks out of sight as Nicholas enters. Nicholas is surprised that Steven is still there and convinces Steven to stay the night at de Coligny's house. Steven accepts as the bell tolls, marking the curfew, and they instruct the landlord to inform the old man (the Doctor), if he arrives, that the Englishman (Steven) is staying at de Coligny's house. Simon then reports the happenings to the Abbot who has the exact appearance and voice of the Doctor.

The Sea Beggar (2)
The next morning, Steven returns to the tavern to find word of the Doctor. The landlord informs Steven that no one has come and harshly shows Steven away due to Steven's association with the Huguenots. At de Coligny's house, Gaston is enraged by his master, Henry of Navarre, not taking the possible threat to his life seriously.

The marriage of the Protestant prince Henry to the King's Catholic sister had increased tensions between the Catholics and the Huguenots.

Gaston and Henry proceed to argue if in fact what Anne heard implied another massacre as Wassy may not refer to the previous massacre, and the "it" may refer to something else entirely. Steven returns, asking for Nicholas' aid to find Preslin's shop in hopes of finding the Doctor. Before the two can set out, Colbert comes to question Nicholas about Anne's whereabouts, but Nicholas now maintains that Anne is not present, and that the girl Roger thinks is there is a long time serving girl named Genevieve. After Roger leaves, Steven identifies him as the man who followed the Doctor. Gaston, looking out the window, is surprised to find that the Abbot himself came to find a serving girl, and when Steven looks out the window, he is surprised to see the Doctor. Steven then makes to go to the Doctor, but Nicholas and Gaston stop him, believing that if that man is Steven's friend, then Steven is working in the service of the Abbot, and thus a Catholic spy. Steven convinces Nicholas to let him try to prove his innocence by taking Nicholas to Preslin's shop, so that Nicholas can see the resemblance between the Abbot and the Doctor.

Later, Simon reports the incident with Anne and the Abbot's personal search for her to the Marshal Tavannes, who believes that the Abbot's presence will have only aroused suspicion within the Huguenots. Simon also informs the Marshal that an Englishman was lodging at de Coligny's house, which makes Tavannes suspicious of the Admiral conspiring with the English. As Simon leaves, the Marshal tells him to inform the Abbot that he will send word later concerning "the Sea Beggar." Hearing "the Sea Beggar" as he enters, de Coligny takes this reference to be towards the Dutch, who are requesting France's military aid against Spain. De Coligny is happy at the notion that the Marshal is finally considering the claim for France's aid, but the Marshal is suspicious that the only reason the Admiral wants to side with the Dutch is due to them being a Protestant country. The Marshal then leaves for an audience with the Queen.

At the same time, Steven and Nicholas locate Preslin's shop. Steven pounds on the door to the shop without any response. An old woman who is passing by stops the two, complaining that they are disturbing the whole neighbourhood over an empty house. She informs Steven and Nicholas that the shop has been vacant for some time because Preslin had been arrested for heresy. Nicholas is now even more suspicious of Steven, and refuses Steven's request to go to the Abbot to validate his new theory that the Doctor, for some reason of his own, is impersonating the Abbot. Nicholas decides to take Steven back so that the Huguenots can decide what to do with Steven, but on the way back, Steven trips Nicholas and escapes. Nicholas returns as Gaston finishes questioning Anne, who does not believe that Steven is working for the Abbot. Gaston informs Nicholas that Henry of Navarre has decided to increase his guards, but Steven's escape cements his guilt as a Catholic spy for Gaston.

Meanwhile, Steven has made his way to the Abbot's house, where he stays outside to listen in on a conversation between Simon, Roger, and the Marshal, who has returned from his meeting with the Queen. The Marshal is annoyed that the Abbot has disappeared, but informs Simon and Roger that the Queen has given the order to have the Sea Beggar killed the next day, as he returns from a meeting at the Louvre. Steven then hurries back to tell Nicholas about the planned assassination of the Sea Beggar. Steven finds that Nicholas is away, so he tries to find paper so that he may leave a note instead. While rummaging through Nicholas's desk in search of paper, Gaston enters the room and presumes that Steven is attempting to steal information for the Abbot. Gaston engages Steven in a sword fight, but, annoyed that Steven won't fight back, forces Steven to leave. When Gaston tells Nicholas of the incident, Nicholas does not believe that Steven was spying, and that Steven had discovered crucial information and had returned as he said he would. As curfew approaches, Steven discovers Anne following him through the streets, hoping that Steven will help her as she no longer has any place to go. They decide the safest place is Preslin's abandoned shop, and they head for it. De Coligny returns to Nicholas, informing him that the King has finally decided to aid the Dutch, and that the King said to him, "If we do ally ourselves with the Dutch, you, de Coligny, will go down in history as 'the Sea Beggar.' "

Priest of Death (3)
The next morning, at the meeting in the Louvre, the Queen Mother, the King, the Marshal, the Admrial, and Charles de Teligny argue about the political and economic issues concerning France's military aid to the Dutch. The issue can not be resolved, so the meeting turns to discussing the persecution of the Huguenots by the Catholics despite the marriage of Henry of Navarre to the King's sister, and promises made by the Queen Mother. The Admiral insults the Queen Mother by warning the King that the Queen Mother's power may be too great, causing the Queen Mother and the Marshal to leave. The meeting is over; the King invites the Admiral to play tennis with him, but the Admiral declines as he has business to attend to.

Meanwhile, Steven and Anne have woken up in Preslin's shop. With the curfew over, Steven decides to go back to the Abbot's house to meet with the Doctor, against Anne's warnings. Finding an old cloak and hat, Steven adorns them as a disguise so as to not be recognised by the Captain of the Guards, who had pursued Anne two days ago. Once he convinces Anne to come with him, they decide to meet back at Preslin's shop and then depart for the Abbot's. At the Abbot's, they are unable to gain entry as the Abbot is in his office and must not be disturbed during his prayers. The argument between the priest and Steven does disturb the Abbot, who comes out to see why he has been disturbed. The Abbot does not recognise Steven, who, with the priest still in the room, tells the Abbot that he has brought back the girl. The Abbot then dismisses but the Marshal enters before the Abbot can deal with Steven and Anne. Steven and Anne leave the room, but still listening, they discover that the Sea Beggar is the Admiral and that the assassination would happen on the Rue des Fosse-St.-Germain. As they leave, Roger enters, and recognising Steven, informs the Marshal that the Englishman who was lodging with the Admiral was there. The Marshal is angered by the Abbot not finding out who Steven was, and believing that Steven and Anne overheard the conversation, sees the Abbot as an increasing liability. Steven hurries to de Coligny's house to inform Nicholas of the impending assassination.

On his way back from the Louvre, the Admiral approaches where the assassin lies in wait with a rifle. Nicholas and Steven make it to the Admiral, but not before the assassin fires a shot, wounding the Admiral in the arm. They take the Admiral back to his house, where Steven fills Nicholas in on the events of the previous day. When he identifies Roger, who serves the Abbot, as one of the conspirators, Nicholas plants the guilt of the assassination attempt on the Abbot, but Steven fervently maintains that the Abbot is really the Doctor in disguise.

At the Abbot's, the Marshal paces impatiently for news of the assassination, with the Abbot trying to reassure him that the assassin is an excellent marksman and that the delay in the news is most likely due to the Admiral being held up by the King, thus delaying the assassination. Unassured, the Marshal sees the failure as the Abbot's fault, and when Roger enters and confirms that the Admiral was merely wounded, orders the guards to kill the Abbot. Back at the Louvre, the King and the Queen Mother are informed of the assassination attempt. The King's annoyance at being disturbed from his game of tennis turns into anger at the attempt on his friend's life. Swayed from the idea of driving the Catholics from their homes, the King orders the Marshal to post guards outside de Coligny's house, charging his safety to the Marshal with the consequence of execution. Annoyed with bickering by Tavannes and Teligny, he orders them out so that he may be left alone. Despite this, the Queen Mother re-enters, enraging the King who threatens to arrest her. He also threatens to execute Tavannes for the assassination, but the Queen Mother takes Tavannes' side, claiming that Tavannes was merely protecting his king, and that with the Protestant Henry of Navarre in line for the throne, the Huguenots will be wanting the King dead.

Having heard from Teligny about the Abbot's death, Steven rushes to the Abbot's house. Outside, an angry crowd has formed around the dead Abbot and is calling for Huguenot blood to avenge the murder. Steven, still believing that the Abbot is the Doctor, runs to the body and is dismayed by the death. Nearby, Roger and two guards are presiding over the scene. Recognising Steven as an enemy, he calls out to the crowd that Steven is the murderer, and the crowd then turns on Steven, who flees as the guards pursue.

Bell of Doom (4)
The next morning, Anne is hiding back at Preslin's shop, waiting for Steven to arrive. When Steven arrives, he informs her of the Doctor's death, still believing that he was pretending to be the Abbot. Telling her about the TARDIS key, the two begin to search for clothes in the shop, hoping that the Doctor had changed into the Abbot's garb at the shop, and left the key with his clothes. Meanwhile, the Marshal and Simon discuss the assassination, hoping that the people's blaming of the Huguenots will be enough to cover their own tracks. They decide that Steven is the only loose end in the plot, and must be killed before the next day, as Steven would easily be able to slip away during the revelry of St. Bartholomew's Day celebration. A servant enters, giving Tavannes a note, summoning him to the Queen.

Anne manages to find the Doctor's cane, but nothing more than that. Puzzled by not finding his actual clothes, Steven wonders where the Doctor could have changed into the Abbot's garb. Anne suggests that the Doctor left with Preslin, but Steven tells her that is impossible because Preslin was arrested. With this said, the Doctor appears and tells them that Preslin has not been. The Doctor blames the whole mishap on Steven not staying at the tavern and brushes off Steven when Steven presses the issue of the Doctor not returning. When the Doctor decides that it is time for them to leave, Anne reminds the Doctor that the curfew bell has rung, and that it would be easier to leave Paris during the celebration of St. Bartholomew's day. When Steven mentions the plot against Admiral de Coligny, he realises the danger that the next day will bring. He convinces Anne to go to her aunt's, despite the curfew, and with Steven protesting, the two make for the TARDIS.

In his meeting with the Queen Mother, Tavannes is informed that they have gotten the King's permission to proceed with their plans to slaughter the Huguenots. The Marshal protests the turning of the Catholic people of Paris into a mob, as the mob will kill the innocent as well as the guilty. The Queen Mother overrules him, but concedes not killing Henry of Navarre out of fear of political retribution that will come with killing a prince. Tavannes leaves to instruct Simon to "unleash the wolves of Paris" and escort Henry of Navarre safely out of Paris.

The Doctor and Steven make it back to where the TARDIS had landed, but due to some guards outside the Admiral's house, they must wait until the morning to enter the TARDIS. Once the curfew bell has rung, the Doctor and Steven leave in the TARDIS as the Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day commences. Safely in the TARDIS, the Doctor informs Steven of the massacre, and that 10,000 Huguenots will die in Paris alone, including the Admiral and Nicholas. Steven is enraged by the Doctor's disregard for human life and blames the Doctor for Anne's probable death in the massacre. Once landed, Steven checks the scanner for safety and then leaves as the Doctor begins to reminisce over all of the companions who have left him, pleased that he was at least able to teach Steven some caution, and wonders if he should return to his own people but decides that he can not. Just then Dodo Chaplet runs into the TARDIS, thinking that it is a real police box, in need of calling an ambulance because a little boy has been knocked down by a car. Steven then runs back in, telling the Doctor to take off as two policemen are approaching. The Doctor then hastily dematerialises the TARDIS, while Steven, seeing Dodo's likeness to Anne, takes her to be Anne and becomes confused as to how she came aboard. Finding out her surname and that her grandfather was French, Steven and the Doctor conclude that it may just be possible that Anne had survived the massacre and that Dodo is Anne's descendant...

Cast

 * The Doctor / The Abbot of Amboise — William Hartnell
 * Steven Taylor — Peter Purves
 * Dodo Chaplet — Jackie Lane
 * King Charles IX — Barry Justice
 * Catherine de Medici — Joan Young
 * Admiral de Coligny — Leonard Sachs
 * Marshal Tavannes — André Morell
 * Charles de Teligny — Michael Bilton
 * Charles Preslin — Erik Chitty
 * Gaston, Viscount de Lerans — Eric Thompson
 * Nicholas Muss — David Weston
 * Simon Duval — John Tillinger
 * Roger Colbert — Christopher Tranchell
 * Anne Chaplet — Annette Robertson
 * Old Woman — Cynthia Etherington
 * Landlord — Edwin Finn
 * Captain of the Guard — Clive Cazes
 * Servant — Reginald Jessup
 * Priest — Norman Claridge
 * Officer — John Slavid
 * 1st Man — Will Stampe
 * 2nd Man — Ernest Smith
 * 1st Guard — Jack Tarran
 * 2nd guard — Leslie Bates

Crew

 * Writers - John Lucarotti, Donald Tosh
 * Assistant Floor Manager - Fiona Cumming
 * Assistant Floor Manager - Richard Valentine
 * Costumes - Daphne Dare
 * Designer - Michael Young
 * Film Cameraman - Tony Leggo
 * Film Editor - Bob Rymer
 * Make-Up - Sonia Markham
 * Producer - John Wiles
 * Production Assistant - Gerry Mill
 * Script Editor - Donald Tosh
 * Special Sounds - Brian Hodgson
 * Studio Lighting - Dennis Channon
 * Studio Sound - Gordon Mackie
 * Theme Arrangement - Delia Derbyshire
 * Title Music - Ron Grainer

Story notes

 * This story is listed in some programme guides as simply The Massacre.
 * Some original production documents state the name of the serial as The Massacre of St Barthlomew's Eve, although this is historically a misnomer, as the actual massacre took place on St Bartholomew's Day. Some have noted that as the original French name for the event (Massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy) lacks a day, the title actually refers to the lead up to the massacre itself — that is, the Eve of the Massacre of St Bartholomew.
 * William Hartnell is credited as 'Dr. Who' for War of God and Bell of Doom, and as 'Abbot of Amboise' for The Sea Beggar and Priest of Death. He also appears as the Abbot towards the end of Priest of Death, but is credited only as 'Dr. Who'. Radio Times credits 'William Hartnell as Dr. Who' for all four episodes, but omits the character from its actual cast lists for The Sea Beggar and Priest of Death.
 * The last episode of this serial introduces Dodo Chaplet, played by Jackie Lane. The BBC Past Doctor Adventures novel Salvation gives a more detailed though somewhat contradictory account of events which led Dodo to enter the TARDIS, thinking it was an actual police box.
 * The part of 1st Man was originally to have been played by Roy Denton, but he had to drop out the day before recording due to illness and was replaced at short notice by Will Stampe. Denton was still credited in Radio Times as it was too late for this to be corrected.
 * Cynthia Etherington (Old Lady) is credited as 'Old Lady' for The Sea Beggar, and as 'Old Woman' for Priest of Death.
 * Michael Bilton (Teligny) is erroneously credited as 'Toligny' in Radio Times for Priest of Death.
 * Guest star André Morell was one of the actors to play the BBC's other famous science-fiction hero, . He is the only one of them to appear in Doctor Who on television, although Scottish actor Andrew Keir, who portrayed Quatermass on film, also played a role in the film Daleks' Invasion Earth 2150 A.D.. Reportedly, Morell was at one point to have appeared in the film as well, but had to pull out due to his commitments to filming this TV serial.
 * According to the book Doctor Who: Companions by David J. Howe and Mark Stammers, the final episode of the serial was to have included an in-joke cameo appearance by William Russell and Jacqueline Hill reprising their roles as former companions Ian Chesterton and Barbara Wright. The scene — which was scheduled to be filmed but was cancelled — had Ian and Barbara witnessing the dematerialisation of the TARDIS after Dodo enters. In the finished programme, the departure of the TARDIS is witnessed by a woman (Marguerite Young, who was a friend of Paddy Russell) walking her dog on Wimbledon Common.
 * This serial is notable as being one of the very few in which the Doctor does not meet the villain(s) in person. Another such example is TV: Planet of Giants.
 * Production of The Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Eve occurred concurrently with that of the film spinoff Daleks' Invasion Earth 2150 A.D..
 * This is one of three missing 1960s Doctor Who stories – the other two being Marco Polo and Mission to the Unknown – which exist only as audio recordings, with not one frame of footage known to survive either on 16mm black & white film or 8mm cine film taken off a television screen.
 * Leonard Sachs (Admiral de Coligny) would later play Borusa in TV: Arc of Infinity.
 * Michael Bilton (Charles de Teligny) would later play Collins in TV: Pyramids of Mars and a Time Lord in TV: The Deadly Assassin.
 * This is the first of two appearances of the Louvre on the series. It would later appear in its capacity as an art gallery in TV: City of Death in 1979.
 * This was the first Doctor Who story to be directed by a woman, namely Paddy Russell. There would not be another until TV: Invasion of the Dinosaurs in 1974, which was likewise directed by Russell.

Ratings

 * "War of God" - 8.0 million viewers
 * "The Sea Beggar" - 6.0 million viewers
 * "Priest of Death" - 5.9 million viewers
 * "Bell of Doom" - 5.8 million viewers

Myths

 * Donald Tosh was credited as co-writer on Bell of Doom because he supplied the final scene introducing Dodo. (Tosh wrote the final draft scripts of all four episodes, amending John Lucarotti's originals extensively. He was credited only on "Bell of Doom" because during production of the first three episodes he was still on BBC staff as Doctor Who's story editor.)

Filming locations

 * Ealing Television Film Studios
 * Windmill Lane near Wimbledon Common
 * Riverside Studios (Studio 1), Crisp Road, Hammersmith, London

Production errors
to be added

Continuity

 * PROSE: Salvation attempts to explain why Dodo is where she is at the end of this story.
 * The Doctor faces another double of himself in TV: The Enemy of the World (and in some sense TV: Meglos and TV: Arc of Infinity). His companions meet natural doubles (as opposed to androids or shape-shifters) of themselves on three other occasions: Romana I in TV: The Androids of Tara, Nyssa in TV: Black Orchid, and Peri in AUDIO: The Church and the Crown.
 * Steven says that he's been in Egypt. (TV: The Daleks' Master Plan)
 * The Doctor asks Steven if he agrees that Dodo bears a resemblance to his granddaughter Susan Foreman, who left the TARDIS in TV: The Dalek Invasion of Earth. Steven reminds the Doctor that he never met Susan as he did not join the TARDIS crew until the events of TV: The Chase, after her departure.

Home video and audio releases

 * No telerecordings exist in the BBC archives. No telesnaps or clips exist. Loose Cannon Productions have created a reconstruction from a fan-recorded off-air audio soundtrack and several composite images created from various sources.
 * This is one of only three serials, along with Marco Polo and Mission to the Unknown, of which not a second of footage survives. However, a fan-recorded off-air soundtrack, with linking narration provided by Peter Purves, was released by the BBC Radio Collection on both audio CD and cassette in 1999. This edition was subsequently re-released in two box sets, first in the Adventures in History set (released August 2003), and second in 2011 as part of the box set Doctor Who: The Lost TV Episodes - Collection Two.
 * The BBC Radio Collection release gives the title as, variously, The Massacre and The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve. The packaging uses the title The Massacre, but the accompanying booklet uses both titles. The CDs have The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve printed on them and this is also the title announced by Peter Purves on the discs themselves. (see also disputed story titles).