Franz Ferdinand

Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the heir to the Austrian throne who was assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia on 28 June 1914.

He was killed, along with his wife, by Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian nationalist protesting Austria's claims on Sarajevo and the rest of Bosnia, territories the Serbs believed were rightfully theirs. (PROSE: Human Nature)

Ferdinand's death led directly to the First World War, "through nations having treaties with nations", according to the Tenth Doctor. (TV: The Family of Blood)

Unbeknownst to the general populace, however, the start of the war was influenced by the passage of the Nemesis statue around Earth in November 1913, (TV: Silver Nemesis) with the Archduke's assassination being the event which triggered the conflict.

While investigating the Dalek Project the Eleventh Doctor grew fearful as he began to suspect that the Daleks had engineered the assassination of Ferdinand and his wife by conditioning Princip to kill them and thus plunge the world into war, although his suspicions were never confirmed. (COMIC: The Dalek Project)

Behind the scenes

 * Family of Blood only refers to Ferdinand as an "Archduke of Austria", while the Human Nature novel calls him "Archduke Ferdinand".
 * Franz Ferdinand has since been confirmed as the Archduke's full in-universe name by The Dalek Project.