Puppet government

A puppet government was a government that exercised little or no real authority, with the real power being held by others.

Japan established the puppet government of Manchukuo, ruled by the ousted Chinese Emperor Pu Yi, after invading the north-eastern Chinese province of Manchuria in 1931. (PROSE: The Shadow of Weng-Chiang)

The Nimons had a puppet government on Skonnos. (TV: The Horns of Nimon)

Alternate timelines
In an alternate timeline in which Nazi Germany won World War II, Occupied Britain became a puppet state run by a National Socialist Parliament under Oswald Mosley, and King Edward VIII returned to the throne. The real UK government set itself up in exile in Canada. (PROSE: Timewyrm: Exodus)

In another alternate timeline, the Daleks created a puppet government on Earth, run by the Controller. (TV: Day of the Daleks)

Parallel universes
In Germania I, the United States government became a Nazi puppet, with US-SS members working in the Senate.

The Greater German Reich also effectively set up puppet governments in other Germanias deemed to have strayed from pure Nazi ideals, such as Germania LXVIII. (PROSE: Warlords of Utopia)