Tardis:Valid sources

When you write an article on our wiki, you need to cite your statements. Knowing which sources are valid is therefore crucial to the writing — and reading! — process. Without a clear sense of what works of fiction will be discussed here — and which will not — your writing may be considered untrustworthy.

Therefore, only valid works of fiction can be used to describe an "in-universe" topic. For instance, if we were writing about Sarah Jane Smith's experience of the country of Italy, we could use anything within The Masque of Mandragora or even The Ghosts of N-Space. But we could not use something from a 1986 fanzine in which Sarah Jane was described as having visited Florence (which is not something we cover) or even from a strip in Doctor Whoah! where she'd have met Rory Williams in Ancient Rome (because that's an invalid source).

For our real world articles — that is, articles about behind the scenes personnel and other things tagged with — it's equally important to know what sources you can use. After all, someone in South Dakota writing on ilovetennant.blogspot.com shouldn't be considered a valid source for our article about David Tennant.

Terminology
The Doctor Who universe is a tricky place when it comes to defining what should "count" and what shouldn't. You should make sure you understand why the DWU isn't like other franchises before you go on. Suffice it to say here that the word "canon" is not applicable to any attempt to define the boundaries of the DWU, least of all our own — and that more generally, no definition of the DWU is truer than another.

However, as a matter of common sense, any reference guide about the DWU has to make certain choices about what to include – and what to kick off the farm. Our methods have long stressed the need to include as many different tales as possible, even if they are in explicit narrative contradiction.

We also specifically do not consider the quality of the source when deciding whether to exclude a source. Instead, we are guided by the legal status of a work as well as the authorial intent. Those things which don't have the permission of all relevant copyright holders, or those which were never meant to be continuous with the established DWU, are excluded. Except in the most obvious of cases, community discussion is required to declare a source invalid. In these discussions, sufficient evidence must be provided that that the source either doesn't have permission from all relevant copyright holders, or that there are solid non-narrative reasons to believe the source does not occur in the DWU.

In practice, there are three broad statuses that works of fiction can possess on the Wiki, detailed on the table below.

Four little rules
It is important that we as a community work to a common understanding of what "counts" and what doesn't. Otherwise, our articles will gradually become "muddied" over time, with some people viewing certain works of fiction as "okay" and other people thinking the opposite. Over the course of several debates in our forums, four main rules have emerged to determine whether a work is a valid source.

Note that these four rules are not quite the be-all end-all of our validity policies, as all the text after this table will demonstrate. We've got specific jurisprudence that "rounds up" some edge cases to failing or passing one of the four rules, but which cannot necessarily be intuitively derived just from the rules.

Still, these work 99.9% of the time. If you want to understand what our validity policies are all about, first spend time with these; worry about the fine print later.

Rule 1
Rule 1 may seem redundant or just plain unnecessary. It's not. There are a lot of things about the DWU that aren't, in themselves, works of fiction. Most obviously, the thoughts of someone on the production team shouldn't be used to write an in-universe article, and this is the main situation Rule 1 was created to prevent, even back when it was "Only stories count".

What matters is that something is a complete work of fiction. Aside from BTS quotes, you may encounter a DWM article or a real-world-focused reference books which throws out a few worldbuilding tidbits, or the name of a creature that went unnamed on TV. None of this counts on this Wiki.

Rule 2
A story has to exploit a lawful, commercial license to at least one DWU concept to qualify for coverage on this Wiki — invalid or otherwise. Rule 2 is also relatively self-explanatory. A Wiki like ours has to draw a line somewhere for what sources it will or will not cover: fanfic, fanfilms, and even professionally-printed charity books with no license to use the characters they feature, are that ultimate boundary for Tardis. Except for very special cases, Rule-2-breakers do not even deserve pages of their own on Tardis, and any truly notable information about a DWU concept's use in an unlicensed production should be kept at a short note in the Behind the scenes section.

Rule 2 also excludes works of fiction which don't infringe on any copyrights, but simply don't have any. BBV Productions' direct-to-VHS feature Cyberon was ostensibly meant to take place in the Doctor Who universe, and was a perfectly law-abiding product — but at the time it was released, it did not contain any preexisting DWU element to license. Thus, we don't cover it, though we do cover later uses of the Cyberons or Lauren Anderson in works of fiction that also exploited licensed DWU concepts. (Of course, such a system needs a "" to end the infinite recursion; in our case, that is, obviously, An Unearthly Child.)

However, "relevant copyright holders" is an important word. A one-line namedrop is not legally a form of copyright infringement, for example, so as long as a story is fully licensed for the use of — say — the Brig and the Great Intelligence, it doesn't necessarily need a license to briefly mention New Earth for us to cover it anyway. The rule is also only meant to apply to DWU concepts — if it should hypothetically turn out that Assimilation² did not actually have the license to use the Borg, we would still cover it as valid, because it was licensed to use the Doctor, the Cybermen and so on.

Note that the BBC do sometimes issue what they call "creative licenses", which allow fans to make things that have the "approval" of the BBC, but which cannot be sold. Such things are not covered by this Wiki in any way.

Rule 3
Of the three rules, Rule 3 is by far the most easily grasped, and the most frequently used. Is a televised episode of Doctor Who valid? Obviously — as long as it has been released in its entirety. But, as a natural extension of our spoiler policy, you can't start writing about the events in it based on trailers, early previews, or leaked — even if you are 100% certain your knowledge of what the story will contain is already accurate. This rule exists not only due to concerns about spoilers, but also because in cases of leaks, last-minute changes can, in fact, occur before the true release of a story. Work-prints of several episodes of Series 8 of Doctor Who leaked online ahead of their broadcast, but the spuriously-released Into the Dalek famously killed off Rusty, which is no longer the case in the TV version; and, indeed, Rusty's survival later became essential to the events of a later TV story.

Is a Sarah Jane Adventures audiobook that you've downloaded from AudioGO something you can use on the Sarah Jane page? Of course, because if it's downloadable it's by definition officially released.

This rule also disallows works of fiction which were never released, whether it be because their production was interrupted before completion or, in rare cases, because they were withheld from release even after completion. Notably, such sources, even if backed up by reliable real-world sources, are not even "invalid": they should not give rise to in-universe pages cited to them, only a single overview page for each unproduced or unreleased works of fiction. Unproduced story pages do not get the invalid, but instead the unprod banner.

Rule 4
The DWU has messy continuity. A story can't be declared invalid just because it contradicts other works of fiction. Rule 4 is rarely invoked because there are very few works of fiction which are deliberately set outside the normal DWU continuity.

Most works of fiction are trying to be narratively continuous at the time they're produced, even though they may be superseded by later works of fiction. Even when there is an intentional contradiction, it is generally a matter of retconning or "overwriting" the earlier story, rather than setting itself in a radically separate universe: Terry Nation was aware that he was contradicting earlier Dalek material when he wrote Genesis of the Daleks, but that doesn't mean he was writing outside the DWU itself. Because Doctor Who works of fiction have contradicted each other since the 1960s, a story cannot be ruled invalid simply because it is narratively discontinuous with other works of fiction.

Consequently, extraordinary non-narrative evidence — such as the story's author directly saying that the story wasn't intended to take place in the DWU at all, but merely make use of DWU licenses to tell a very different story — must be presented to the community for a story to be kicked out based on Rule 4.

One exception to this, named "Rule 4 by proxy", occurs if a later story makes an effort to bring an otherwise invalid story back into the DWU. In these scenarios, the otherwise Rule 4-failing story may be decided to pass Rule 4 in a forum debate. In general, in-story evidence may be used for this purpose simply because finding authorial quotes affirming the "DWU-ness" of the works of fiction that an author happened to reference is impractical. While nice to have, such quotes are not necessary. However, out-of-story evidence can still be considered when it exists, such as if a story is billed as a prequel or sequel to an invalid story outside of the story itself. On the other hand, authorial quotes that deny the "DWU-ness" of the works of fiction that an author referenced can cause passing Rule 4 via this method to fail.

Insofar as it constitutes the "spine" of the Doctor Who universe, it should go without saying that episodes of the actual TV series Doctor Who are held to pass Rule 4 almost by definition. Even if one should happen to seemingly break the fourth wall, mainline, televised, BBC-aired Doctor Who TV works of fiction are tautologically a valid part of the Doctor Who universe.

What doesn't count
Most Doctor Who-related works of fiction so obviously pass our rules that you don't really have to even think about it. The chances are very good that if a story bears an official logo from any of our covered television shows — and an appropriate copyright declaration — it'll be a valid source.

But let's take a look at the kinds of things that don't work for us. Seeing how these rules eliminate sources will probably help resolve any lingering questions.

Sources that have been specifically disallowed
Want a more positive list? Go here for a comprehensive list of things that do count. The works of fiction we don't allow in our discussion of in-universe topics are actually few and far between. However, for clarity, we've composed a detailed list below.

Trickier stuff
Our simple little rule works to help you understand what works of fiction "count" on this wiki well over 90% of the time. The rest of this document is concerned with the other 10% — the marginal cases that are a little less clear.

DWU concepts owned by others
The wrinkle that is difficult to understand for those who are new to the world of Doctor Who is the phenomenon of the author-owned concept. Copyright for individual works of fiction of Doctor Who has long resided in the individual writer, unless the British Broadcasting Corporation made other arrangements. This meant that a lot of characters, locations, and — particularly — species, were owned by individuals, not the BBC. Clever publishers were therefore able to release works of fiction connected to Doctor Who without having to ask for the BBC's permission. works of fiction licensed by an individual author are generally allowed here. Click here for a detailed list of these kind of works of fiction produced by BBV Productions, the major publisher of them. The major publisher of this kind of story was BBV Productions. Typically, they would approach people like Robert Holmes (or, more precisely, his estate) and get permission to write, say, a Sontaran story that didn't involve other characters from the DWU. They then ended up with a story that was, in effect, fully licensed, because they got permission from the owner of the DWU element, and then they created wholly new characters around that copyrighted element.

Our approach is to generally allow these sorts of works of fiction.

However, there are a few exceptions, detailed below.

Non-DWU characters appearing in DWU productions
Very occasionally, a non-DWU character will appear in a "crossover" Doctor Who production and then go back to making appearances in their home series. Sometimes, this character will then be spun off into their own series. In such cases the spin-off is generally not considered a part of the DWU, except in very special cases or within further crossovers with the DWU.

When the licensor is the BBC
Though almost everything which is licensed by the BBC and other rights' holders is considered a valid source here, our community occasionally rules certain works of fiction out of bounds. The following is a list of those specific works of fiction, along with references to the debates that declared those works of fiction out of bounds.

The real world doesn't count
It is a great temptation to believe that the Doctor Who universe is very much like the real world. It is not. There are many, many ways in which the DWU's version of Earth history is different from real world Earth history. You should never assume that because you personally know, say, Albert Einstein's birthdate, or the year the film Breakfast at Tiffany's debuted, or the duration of the Second Afghan War, that these dates will be the same in the DWU. This wiki is an encyclopedia of the known DWU, not the real world. If a DWU source doesn't explicitly give a detail about a real world item, you can't include it in the main body of an article. Historical episodes of Doctor Who — even from as far back as season 1, when the show was explicitly meant to be "educational" — are replete with historical inaccuracies. Marco Polo's given DWU birthdate is different from the real world date. Modern day episodes of the show, like The War Machines, are based on qualities of British computer science that didn't exist in 1966. And episodes that were supposed to be set in the clear future, like The Tenth Planet, described events that obviously never came to pass. A DWU source cannot be described as "wrong" about a real world person, place or thing. Differences simply show ways in which the DWU is not the real world. The long and the short of it: don't write the in-universe sections of articles about subjects that exist in both the DWU and the real world using Wikipedia. Trust only Doctor Who sources. And don't go further than what the DWU source actually tells you. If there are noteworthy discrepancies, they should only be discussed in the BTS section.

When real-world elements are alluded to in a DWU source, but go unnamed, we do sometimes use real-world information to derive a page title: if a reader wants to know if U.K. Prime Minsiter Anthony Eden has ever been referenced in Doctor Who, it wouldn't be very helpful to give that page an "unclear" name like Eden (Knock Knock), even though only his last name is mentioned in the TV episode Knock Knock. However, this only applies to page names: the in-universe text of the page itself, including the lead, should not employ the conjectural real-world name.

Out-of-universe sources
When writing an out-of-universe or "real world" article, your sources must be verifiable. Please do not cite sources such as fan forums or fan blogs, as this violates our commitment to establishing a neutral point of view. Blogs and forum posts are generally written by single individuals, without any special intellectual rigour or fact checking. Therefore, to include their opinions in our articles would be to give undue to weight to single individuals.

The broader point, however, is that blogs and forum posts are often simply wrong.

This is especially important when citing information regarding living people, upcoming works of fiction, airdates, and the like. Such sources are notoriously inaccurate. Few, if any, are edited. Especially with regards to information about upcoming works of fiction and other broadcast matter, BBC announcements should take precedence among all other sources. Officially-licensed media such as Doctor Who Magazine are acceptable. Some long-standing websites, such as doctorwhonews.com, are useful as starting points for further investigation, because they always source their works of fiction. However, it is a better practice to cite the original source than to cite doctorwhonews.com. Reports in major media — The Times, Associated Press, CNN, Reuters, BBC News etc. — are also acceptable.

Finally, user-editable sources such as Wikipedia, the Internet Movie Database and this very wiki are to be avoided, as are sites that are built on largely un-edited user contributions, such as the Doctor Who Reference Guide.

Unofficial reference sources
A distinction should be made, however, between the above types of sites which are "forbidden" because of their fan involvement and lack of intellectual rigour, and, for lack of a better phrase, "unofficial reference sources".

Some fans have created sites that are more like interactive reference books, in that they present well-sourced analyses, in exactly the same manner as would any reputable reference writer. Prime amongst this type of allowed fan site is Shannon Sullivan's A Brief History of Time (Travel), which we feel is a genuine attempt at behind-the-scenes scholarship.

Equally, we feel that, due to the fact that John Nathan-Turner historically used fanzines as a way to officially disseminate genuine information about Doctor Who — and very many people involved with the production of the programme followed suit — some articles in some fanzines are completely legitimate sources. Indeed a fanzine like The Frame is almost entirely comprised of primary source interviews with individuals who didn't live long enough to be included on DVD special features. Likewise, the New Zealand Doctor Who Fan Club's Time Space Visualiser is replete with primary source interviews with a number of figures important to Doctor Who.

Pod- and video-casting have largely replaced fanzines as the highest-profile method of fan communication. These, too, are acceptable sources in some cases. If, say, Radio Free Skaro conducts an interview with Jane Espenson, that's "on the record". If Doctor Who: Podshock secures a video interview with Waris Hussein, that's no less legitimate than something filmed by the BBC. Information given by Dan Hall to a podcast about upcoming DVDs is potentially "news".

A good rule of thumb is that interviews with Doctor Who production figures are of equal weight, regardless of the "professional" status of the interviewer, so long as it can be reasonably established that the person being interviewed is actually whom they purport to be.

Self-reference disallowed
Extreme caution must be exercised with respect to information that comes from the subject of a page. David Tennant's opinion, given to Doctor Who Confidential, about the filming of 42 is perhaps of interest at the page 42 (TV story). However, Tennant's tweet of his age or hometown or other biographical information absolutely cannot be used at the page David Tennant.

It is a fundamental truth of show business that people lie about themselves. Actors will portray themselves as younger (or, rarely, older) in order to get a part. They will say they can ride a horse or speak Spanish or climb mountains — when none of that is true. Janet Fielding is, for example, well known to have lied directly to John Nathan-Turner's face in order to get the part of Tegan Jovanka, misrepresenting both her age and whether she was tall enough to be an Australian air stewardess. Similarly, directors might use the word film in the hopes of connoting feature, even though they may have only done a 15-minute short.

The last thing we want is to become a conduit of deliberate disinformation. Therefore, we do not accept the statements of individuals about themselves as valid sources for the page about them. As an extension of this, if you are yourself the subject of a real-world page on Tardis, please do not edit it; more about this, and related issues, at T:WIKIFY OWN.