Telescope

Telescopes were devices for magnifying objects.

In the late 15th century, Giuliano developed a primitive telescope, which the Doctor deemed merely adequate. (DW: The Masque of Mandragora)

In the early 17th century, Galileo Galilei invented the telescope. (MA: The Empire of Glass)

In the 19th century, Robert MacLeish and Albert designed a device that others supposed was a telescope. It was in fact a light chamber. (DW: Tooth and Claw)

Eugene Jones used a telescope to watch for aliens. (TW: Random Shoes)

Wilfred Mott had a telescope, which he frequently used. (DW: Partners in Crime) In an alternate timeline, he offered to sell it for extra money, but Donna Noble was firmly against it. (DW: Turn Left)

The Doctor used a telescope to observe the Hydrax from afar. (DW: State of Decay)

On Kirith, the Doctor used a telescope to survey Kirith town and its environs. He then gave the telescope to Miríl. (NA: Timewyrm: Apocalypse)