King of England

The King or Queen of England was the title given to the ruler of the country of England.

History
According to one account, after helping Arthur to remove the sword from the stone, the Doctor became the King of England for a day before abdicating in Arthur's favour. The Doctor considered the whole affair a "lot of fuss about nothing" but concluded that there was "no real harm done". (PROSE: Silhouette)

According to another account, Alfred the Great, a King of Wessex, became the first King of England in the late 9th century. Alfred met the Sixth Doctor during his war with King Guthrum, who had already conquered Mercia and Northumbria. Assuring him he was not fighting in vain, the Doctor compared Wessex to the North Star and told Alfred "It may be on its own now, but as the night draws in it will be joined by others. Many many others. Thanks to you they will coalesce and reform into a greater whole. You will become king, not only of a region, but of a whole country. A country that shall eventually be called England". (PROSE: The Man Who Wouldn't Give Up)

After Edward of Wessex killed Æthelfrid of Mercia in 918 and took control of the territory, he was able to unite the north of England with the south, which John Bleak defined as "the whole country". (AUDIO: The Lady of Mercia) This paved the way for the coronation of Athelstan in 924, whom the Tenth Doctor described as the first King of Britain. (TV: Planet of the Dead) However, many other accounts stated that England still existed as its own state with one instead dating the formation of the Kingdom of Britain to the 18th century. (PROSE: The Adventuress of Henrietta Street)

In the early 11th century, England was ruled by King Ethelred. The Eighth Doctor once visited his court and cured him of a heavy fever, an act witnessed by his son, future king Edward the Confessor. (AUDIO: Seasons of Fear) Ethelred died in 1016 (PROSE: The Immortals) and, sooner or later, was succeeded by Cnut, who was also the King of Denmark. The rule of the Danes eventually ended (PROSE: The Real Hereward) when Edward the Confessor was put on the throne by the powerful Godwin family as a puppet king sometime prior to 1055. Deciding they wanted an heir, they married off their daughter Edith to Edward. However, they never had children and were able to maintain peace during their reigns by promising the throne to William of Normandy, Harald Hardrada and, according to the Doctor, "everyone who wanted it". (AUDIO: Seasons of Fear) After Edward died in January 1066, it was ultimately Harold Godwinson, his brother-in-law, who succeeded him. Hardrada and William both invaded England to stake their claims. (PROSE: A History of Humankind) Hardrada was defeated in the Battle of Stamford Bridge on 25 September but William was triumphant during the Battle of Hastings on 14 October in which Harold was supposedly killed. William was crowned King of England on 25 December (TV: Co-Owner of a Lonely Heart) and reigned until his death in 1087. (PROSE: Vampire Science)

Another succession crisis arose with the death of King Henry in the early 12th century. Although Empress Maude was Henry's heir, considered by Sister Patrick to be Henry's only true heir, the throne was also contested by Stephen. A war was fought (AUDIO: Abbey of Heretics) and the order of succession was clear by the reign of Henry II, (PROSE: A History of Humankind) who was a Plantagenet, later in the century. Both of Henry's children became Kings of England. (PROSE: The King's Demons) Richard I reigned from 1189 until his death in 1199 and was succeeeded by John. (PROSE: A History of Humankind) John's son and successor was Henry III who ruled for over fifty years (PROSE: The King's Demons) from his coronation in 1216 at the age of nine. (TV: Fugitive of the Judoon)

Further conflicts ensued in 1399 when Henry IV, also known as Henry of Bolingbroke and Henry Plantagenet, seized the throne from Richard II. Henry eventually emerged victorious in 1400 after it transpired that Richard had died, having been starved while imprisoned in Pomfret Castle on the orders of Thomas Arundel. Henry was succeeded by his son, also named Henry, (AUDIO: The Doctor's Tale) who was the King of England for the Battle of Agincourt in 1415. (PROSE: The Reign Makers) Edward IV of the York family, a key figure in the Wars of the Roses, died on the night of 9 April 1483. His successor was supposedly Edward V, a twelve-year-old boy. (AUDIO: The Battle of the Tower) Although he was a King of England for a few weeks, his uncle, the future Richard III, prevented him from being crowned on 24 June after declaring his illegitimacy by invalidating the marriage of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville. The new King then put Edward and his brother Richard, leading them to become known as the Princes in the Tower. According to one account, Edward IV only had daughters, Susan and Judith, and when Richard discovered this ruse intended to keep up a clear line of succession, he took the throne to prevent scandal and later allowed to work under their uncle "Clarrie" at the Kingmaker. (AUDIO: The Kingmaker) Other sources agreed with the events as history recorded them by stating that Edward and Richard were boys. (PROSE: Sometime Never...)

James I reigned as King of England from 1603 to 1625. (WC: Case File Eight)