Giuliano

Duke Giuliano of San Martino was the nephew of Count Federico. He became the lawful heir to the duchy after his father died, but his accession was actively contested by his uncle. Indeed, he was the target of his uncle's murderous ambitions, and became the victim of Federico's numerous attempts on his life and reputation.

A man of science and liberal thought — quite literally a "Renaissance man" — he was naturally inclined to trust the Fourth Doctor despite Federico's attempts to label the Doctor as a "spy" and a "sorcerer". The two struck up a friendship once the Doctor began to apply scientific reason to explain the mystery of guards whose bodies had been desiccated by the Mandragora Helix. This bond was strengthened further when the Doctor joined Giuliano in an out-numbered swordfight against Federico's men.

He was loyally assisted by his companion, Marco. He tended to be more temperate than his friend, however. For instance, when Captain Rossini — a man responsible for many of the deaths ordered by Federico — laid down his arms, Marco argued for his death. Giuliano instead required Rossini jailed while an appropriate course of action was considered.

As a a contemporary and ideological ally of Leonardo da Vinci, who was a celebrant at the party Giuliano held to announce his accession to the dukedom. (DW: The Masque of Mandragora)

Behind the scenes
Giuliano's sexuality has occasionally been considered by fandom. Some have suggested that he and Marco might be lovers. However, it is also possible to view his relationship with Sarah as vaguely romantic. The narrative, however, does not address his sexuality in any definitive way.