Board Thread:The Panopticon/@comment-4028641-20170702051931/@comment-17651890-20170703005919

The Doctor can't be using "parallel evolution" in a biological sense (regardless of its use in the real world), because the development of Cyberman conversion is in no way like biological evolution. The Cybermen are more like different groups of people separately coming up with the same invention, which all count as "Cybermen" as is defined within the universe.