Scotland

Scotland was a constituent country of the United Kingdom.

According to the Eleventh Doctor, it "never conquered anywhere, [...] not even Shetland." (TV: Let's Kill Hitler) The capital of Scotland was Edinburgh, although the largest city was Glasgow, which was home to Torchwood Two. (PROSE: The Twilight Streets)

The Fourth Doctor once described Scottish as "haggis, bagpipes. Robbie Burns and deep-fried Mars Bars". (PROSE: The Very Last Picture Show) The Twelfth Doctor described Scottish weather as changeable in the extreme. (COMIC: Terrorformer)

According to the Twelfth Doctor, Scotland was always seeking independence, no matter where it was. (TV: Smile) Indeed, on leaving the Earth, they even took a separate ship from the Starship UK. (TV: The Beast Below)

The Doctor and Scotland
It was referenced many times when the Eleventh Doctor, Rory Williams or Amy Pond herself were making jokes about Amy's personality. (TV: The Eleventh Hour, The Beast Below, A Good Man Goes to War, Let's Kill Hitler, Asylum of the Daleks)

Both the Seventh and Twelfth Doctors had noticeable Scottish accents, with the latter making note of it as part of his persona following his regeneration. He initially complained about the accent of English company, namely Clara Oswald and Jenny Flint, describing it as infectious and incomprehensible. However, he was relieved when he found he could understand the accent of the Silurian, Vastra, saying that he finally found someone who was talking properly. Upon accidentally landing in Glasgow while attempting to take Clara home, she noted he would be right at home with his new persona. (TV: Deep Breath) Robin Hood later stated that the Doctor was pale as milk, since "Scots are strangers to vegetables." (TV: Robot of Sherwood) Bernice Summerfield observed that the Twelfth Doctor had more of a Glaswegian accent as opposed to the Seventh Doctor's Highlands accent. (PROSE: Big Bang Generation)

The Tenth Doctor could easily mimic a Scottish accent. (TV: Tooth and Claw) George Litefoot also detected "hints of Scots" in his natural Cockney English accent. (AUDIO: The Jago & Litefoot Revival)

Geography
Loch Lomond was located in Scotland, and located in it were Inchfad Isle, Inchconnachan Isle, and Aldochlay. (AUDIO: Wirrn Isle)

History
The Twelfth Doctor, Nardole and Bill Potts visited Aberdeen in the 2nd century to settle an argument about the Ninth Legion of the Roman army. (TV: The Eaters of Light)

The Sixth Doctor sent the Borad back to Scotland in the 12th century implying he might end up as the Loch Ness Monster. (TV: Timelash)

In the 13th century, Scotland took over Orkney. (AUDIO: The Revenants)

In 1447, Iris Wildthyme visited Scotland and participated in a caber tossing contest. (PROSE: Iris at the V&A)

In 1540, during the reign of James V, a "shooting star" carrying a Lupine Wavelength Haemovariform crashed in Scotland. (WC: Tardisode 2, TV: Tooth and Claw)

Mary, Queen of Scots was beheaded because her cousin, Elizabeth I of England, suspected that she was plotting against her. (PROSE: Girl Power!)

In 1705, the Alien Act was passed by the English Parliament. This forced the Scottish Parliament to negotiate full union with England. Later, the two countries' governments united to form the United Kingdom. This was opposed by Jacobite rebels.

On 16 April 1746, during the final battle of the Second Jacobite Rebellion, the Battle of Culloden, the Second Doctor first met his companion Jamie McCrimmon, a native Scot. (TV: The Highlanders)

The wearing of tartan was banned in Scotland after the Jacobite Rising. (AUDIO: Night's Black Agents)

In 1788, a representative of the Celestial Intervention Agency visited Scotland and questioned Jamie about his involvement in the Glorious Revolution in 1688 after restoring his memories of his travels with the Second Doctor. (AUDIO: The Glorious Revolution)

In 1879, the Tenth Doctor and Rose Tyler battled a werewolf at the Torchwood Estate in Scotland. Also present was Queen Victoria, who was inspired by the events to establish the Torchwood Institute. (TV: Tooth and Claw)

According to Ian Chesterton, Susan Foreman thought Japan was a county in Scotland before she was tutored by Barbara Wright. (PROSE: Doctor Who in an Exciting Adventure with the Daleks)

In 1965, Torchwood agents, including Torchwood Three's Jack Harkness, gave twelve orphan children from near Arbroath to the 456 in exchange for an anti-virus. (TV: Children of Earth: Day Four)

In 1970, the Third Doctor visited Professor Logan's space centre and castle home in Scotland. (COMIC: Doctor Who and the Rocks from Venus)

In 1975, the Fourth Doctor encountered the Zygons and the fabled Loch Ness Monster in the north of Scotland, presumably near Inverness. (TV: Terror of the Zygons)

In 2003, Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart acted as an advisor to the newly established U.S. state of Malebolgia, due to the role he played in the recently devolved Scottish Parliament. (AUDIO: Minuet in Hell)

In 2030, Scotland played England in the World Cup final in Wembley Stadium, with the Eleventh Doctor calling it "one of the greatest football matches in history!" He meant to take Amy Pond here, but instead they ended up on a space station. (COMIC: Apotheosis)

In 2119, an underwater mining base called the Drum had been built in Scotland. (TV: Under the Lake)

Scotland was enslaved with the rest of the world during the 22nd century Dalek occupation of Earth, though pockets of resistance existed on the outer islands. The Sixth Doctor and Peri Brown visited occupied Scotland in 2163. (AUDIO: Masters of Earth)

During the 29th century, when the nations of the Earth were evacuating the planet due to solar flares, Scotland refused to be a part of Starship UK, instead building their own ship. (TV: The Beast Below)

In the 162nd century, Scotland was home to the most northerly of Nerva City colonies, on the banks of Loch Lomond. The Sixth Doctor and Flip Jackson arrived on Inchfad Isle by transmat from Nerva City, where they helped colonists Veronica and Roger Buchman to defeat a Wirrn invasion of all the Earth colonies. (AUDIO: Wirrn Isle)

Behind the scenes

 * The newly regenerated Twelfth Doctor finding solace in being able to understand Vastra's speech, as seen in Deep Breath, is a reference to Vastra's actor, Neve McIntosh, who portrays the Silurian with her natural Scottish accent.

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