Jurisdiction

In March 2006, a Slitheen disguised as General R. Asquith ordered his men to execute the Ninth Doctor "under the jurisdiction of the Emergency Protocols"; the Doctor managed to survive by entering a lift he was stood in front of. (TV: World War Three)

In 2008, the Tenth Doctor explained to Martha Jones that the Judoon had no jurisdiction over the Earth, explaining why they transported the Royal Hope Hospital via H₂O scoop to the neutral territory of the Moon. After executing the fugitive they were pursuing, the Judoon captain announced that their jurisdiction had ended and so evacuated the hospital, neglecting to assist with the monomagnetic pulse before the hospital was returned to Earth. (TV: Smith and Jones)

In 2020, the Thirteenth Doctor noted that the Judoon had no jurisdiction on Earth when Captain Pol-Kon-Don led a force in Gloucester in pursuit of Ruth Clayton, actually the Fugitive Doctor, placing her property under Judoon jurisdiction. The Fugitive Doctor noted that no-one had jurisdiction in interstellar space, thus there were laws and so no defined crime. (TV: Fugitive of the Judoon)