The Daleks (TV story)

"The Daleks" was the second story of the first season of Doctor Who and marked the first appearance of the Daleks, a race of creatures that would become the Doctor's greatest enemy.

Synopsis
The TARDIS arrives on the planet Skaro, a seemingly dead world. When the Doctor sees a technologically advanced city in the distance he is determined to investigate, and is even willing to sabotage the TARDIS to get what he wants. While in the city the crew are captured by the Daleks, a race of scientists who have been mutated into creatures who must encase themselves in a metal body to survive. Before long the travellers are suffering from radiation poisoning.

After managing to escape the city they encounter another race living on the planet, the Thals. In contrast to the Daleks, the Thals are a race of physically perfect pacifists. After a dangerous journey Ian is able to lead the Thals to victory and destroy the Daleks.

The Dead Planet (1)
When the TARDIS arrives in a petrified jungle, the Doctor and his companions are unaware that the planet is highly radioactive. The Doctor is eager to explore a futuristic city that they discover beyond the forest but Ian Chesterton and Barbara Wright insist on returning to the ship. Determined to get his way, the Doctor sabotages the TARDIS, claiming that mercury is needed for the fluid link. The only place to find mercury is the city.

The next morning, when the travellers emerge from the TARDIS, they find a box outside that holds vials filled with an amber liquid. Susan places the box in the ship for safekeeping, after which the four travellers head off to the mysterious city. It is entirely built of metal with doorways that are fashioned as squat rounded arches. Barbara manages to open a door, revealing a corridor beyond, but a shutter soon falls cutting her off from her colleagues. Within moments a strange creature emerges from a nearby lift, threatening her with a metal arm.

The Survivors (2)
Ian, Susan and the Doctor enter a room full of machines, including a Geiger counter, which confirms they’ve been exposed to radiation. The trio realise the gravity of the situation, prompting the Doctor to admit his sabotage of the fluid link. This causes more mistrust between them and Ian takes the fluid link hostage to ensure the Doctor helps him look for Barbara. The trio continue to explore the city and are soon captured by beings known as Daleks, who imprison them together with Barbara. It soon becomes apparent they are all suffering from radiation sickness, with Barbara succumbing very quickly.

The Doctor is interrogated by the Daleks, who explain something of the history of their predicament. They are survivors of a neutronic war with the Thals, which has caused mutations to both races. The Daleks are now confined to their travel machines limited to the boundaries of their metallic city. They are reliant on a variation of static electricity to provide them with the ability to move. The Doctor persuades the Daleks that the travellers will die from radiation sickness if no drugs are found, so Susan is sent to retrieve them from the TARDIS. She makes her way out of the city and back into the petrified forest. Having collected the anti-radiation drugs in the TARDIS she prepares herself for the return journey.

The Escape (3)
Outside the TARDIS, Susan encounters a stranger. He is a striking, handsome, blonde man named Alydon. His appearance proves his race, the Thals, have not suffered the same disfiguring mutations as the Daleks. He explains that he brought the drugs to Susan and now gives her more, hoping she will be able to save her friends. The Thals live in the forest and were indeed at war with the Daleks who they had believed were all now dead. He explains that the Thals have travelled many miles across the planet in search of food as their race is near starvation. The Thals now hope to establish a treaty for food with the Daleks. Susan heads off to the Dalek city while Alydon returns to the Thal encampment and tells his friends about his encounter, hoping Susan can broker a peace and trade agreement.

Susan reaches her friends and passes round the drugs, then contacts the Daleks and explains that the Thals are now looking for peace and food. The Daleks imply acceptance, asking the Thals in return to help them cultivate the land, but in reality they are plotting revenge and extermination of their old enemies. The message of peace is conveyed to the Thals, who are invited to collect food from the entrance hall to the Dalek city the following day.

Having recovered with chemical help, the Doctor’s party succeed in overpowering one of the Daleks and decide to use the robotic shell as a means of escape. The monstrosity within is dumped while Ian squeezes into the Dalek casing. In this guise he escorts his three friends through the city, hoping they can make a break for freedom.

The Ambush (4)
The ruse works thanks to some quick thinking on the part of Ian, who even convinces another Dalek that he is one of them and is taking the three human prisoners for further questioning. However, when the same Dalek makes enquiries it discovers that it has been duped and sounds the alarm.

After a tight squeeze getting out of the casing, Ian and his friends find themselves at a window where they observe the Thals arrive to collect the food. As the Thals take the food, the Daleks open fire, exterminating several Thals including their leader Temmosus.

The surviving Thals, including Alydon, regroup and find the four travellers. They all travel together to the Thal encampment where a young Thal named Dyoni provides a history of the planet Skaro from a Thal perspective. It seems that the Daleks were once known as Dals, humanoids similar to Thals who mutated into their current form after the lengthy neutronic war. The Thals have reacted to their history by adopting pacifism as a creed. However, it soon becomes apparent that the TARDIS crew need fighting allies – Ian has left the empty but vital fluid link in the Dalek city and they must retrieve it somehow.

The Expedition (5)
Ian eventually spurs Alydon on to display aggression when he threatens Dyoni, prompting the new Thal leader to hit him. This must now be channelled against the Daleks and the Thals agree to help the TARDIS crew. One group will accompany Ian and Barbara as they cross the swamp, then go around the lake to the mountains, where they can enter the city unseen through a back entrance. The other group, led by the Doctor and Susan, will try to sabotage the Daleks’ surveillance equipment.

In the city the Daleks test the medication left by the travellers which they now deduce is deadly to them. As a response they decide to increase the levels of radiation on Skaro and thus make it impossible for the Thals to survive.

The attack party heading for the Lake of Mutations makes good progress on their lengthy journey. Four Thals called Elyon, Kristas, Ganatus and Antodus, the latter two of whom are brothers, have accompanied Barbara and Ian. Vast pipes are used to take water from the lake into the Dalek city. The lake also contains many mutated off-shoots from the war and Ian soon spots a multi-tentacled creature in the water. The assembled party are shocked to hear one of their number, Elyon, scream as one of the monsters drags him below the murky surface.

The Ordeal (6)
It is clear Elyon is dead but the party must continue with their journey and climb the mountain. It remains a treacherous journey, with narrow fissures and no clear paths.

At the front of the city the Doctor’s party have succeeded in disabling the Dalek surveillance cameras using large mirrors to reflect sunlight into them. This persuades the Daleks to reorientate their probes on to the Thal encampment rather than the other possible entrances. The Doctor and Susan become bolder and move to sabotage some static electricity control boxes, but their activity has alerted the Daleks, who soon surround them. They are taken to the control centre of the city and are told of the Dalek plan to irradiate the entire planet.

Meanwhile, Ian's party has found a tunnel that should lead to the Dalek city. Antodus is less secure than his colleagues and starts calling for them to turn back. The situation is made more perilous by rockfalls which stops them retreating even if they wanted to. The only way is onward – and a vast chasm is their next hurdle. One by one the party has to jump across, supported by a rope between them. The last to jump is Antodus, who loses his footing and falls into the abyss, his weight dragging Ian toward the edge.

The Rescue (7)
Antodus sacrifices his life to save the others, and cuts the rope, letting himself fall. The others press on and within a short while have found an entrance point to the city.

At the front of the city Alydon has also led another band of Thals in an assault, hoping to rescue the Doctor and Susan. By luck the two parties converge on the Dalek control centre at the same time. Together they destroy the Dalek apparatus and prevent the radiation release. They also disable the power source for the Daleks in the city. The creatures become immobile and soon die. The Thals are repulsed by all the death, but are grateful their struggle is finally over.

They all return together to the Thal camp – this time with the fluid link – and the Doctor and his party make their farewells and return to the TARDIS. No sooner than they are in flight there is an explosion on the console and the four travellers fall to the floor.

Cast

 * The Doctor - William Hartnell
 * Susan Foreman - Carole Ann Ford
 * Ian Chesterton - William Russell
 * Barbara Wright - Jacqueline Hill
 * Dalek Voices - Peter Hawkins, David Graham
 * Dalek Operators - Robert Jewell, Kevin Manser, Michael Summerton, Gerald Taylor, Peter Murphy
 * Temmosus - Alan Wheatley
 * Alydon - John Lee
 * Dyoni - Virginia Wetherell
 * Ganatus - Philip Bond
 * Antodus - Marcus Hammond
 * Kristas - Jonathan Crane
 * Elyon - Gerald Curtis
 * Thals - Chris Browning, Katie Cashfield, Vez Delahunt, Kevin Glenny, Ruth Harrison, Lesley Hill, Steve Pokol, Jeanette Rossinni, Eric Smith
 * Uncredited Thal Double - Frans Van Nordo
 * Double for Antodus - Peter Diamond
 * Double for Alydon - Chris Browning

Crew

 * Writer - Terry Nation
 * Directors - Christopher Barry (parts 1,2,4,5), Richard Martin (parts 3,6,7)
 * Producer - Verity Lambert
 * Script Editor - David Whitaker
 * Designers - Raymond Cusick, Jeremy Davies
 * Assistant Floor Manager - Jeremy Hare, Michael Ferguson
 * Associate Producer - Mervyn Pinfield
 * Costumes - Daphne Dare
 * Film Cameraman - Stewart Farnell
 * Film Editor - Ted Walter
 * Incidental Music - Tristram Cary
 * Make-Up - Elizabeth Blattner
 * Production Assistant - Norman Stewart
 * Special Sounds - Brian Hodgson
 * Studio Lighting - Geoff Shaw, John Treays
 * Studio Sound - Jack Brummitt, Jack Clayton
 * Theme Arrangement - Delia Derbyshire
 * Title Music - Ron Grainer

Daleks

 * The Daleks are growing food with artificial sunlight, suggesting that they still need to eat. No evidence of this is revealed in later stories. They were later revealed to be lying.
 * The Dalek Geiger counter has the word danger written on it in English. This has been explained in later stories as a result of the TARDIS's telepathic circuits.

Individuals

 * Jacanda
 * Ammosus

Organisations

 * Dalek Council

TARDIS

 * This is the first appearance of the TARDIS food machine.
 * The TARDIS fluid link uses mercury.
 * This is the first time the fault locator is seen.

The Doctor

 * The Doctor reveals that there is a large age gap between him and Susan.
 * The Doctor reveals that he was once a pioneer amongst his people.

Story Notes

 * This is the first story to feature the Daleks.
 * The story was originally known as The Mutants but is now referred to as The Daleks to avoid confusion with story 3N The Mutants (see also disputed story titles).
 * The story is also known as The Dead Planet and The Survivors.
 * It is never mentioned in the story whether the travellers are in the past, the present or the future. In The Dalek Invasion of Earth, the Doctor states this first encounter with the Daleks occurred "...a million years in the future.", (and implies it was) towards the end of Dalek history, though he gives no indication how he knows this. Planet of the Daleks suggests this first encounter occurred in the past, generations before the 26th century. This is now generally the accepted placement of the story, though the exact year is still a matter of debate and theorising among fans. In his A History of the Universe, Lance Parkin arbitrarily places the story in 1963, suggesting that the Doctor was attempting to return Ian and Barbara back to their own time and succeeded, only getting the planet wrong.
 * Death to the Daleks has a few similarities to this story. The Doctor and Sarah Jane find themselves on a planet, Exxilon, which, like Skaro, was once a lush world and home to an advanced civilisation, now rendered desolate. They discover some of the life has been petrified, sight a city on the horizon, and Sarah is captured by the natives while exploring the city, just as Barbara is captured by the Daleks. Like the inhabitants of Skaro, the inhabitants of Exxilon have developed into two distinct groups. One, like the Thals, are gentle and peace-loving, while the others are warlike and hostile to all outsiders.
 * Episode 6 was made under the working title The Caves of Terror and episode 7 under the working title The Execution.
 * It was Mervyn Pinfield who suggested that the Daleks use static electricity.
 * It was Richard Martin who suggested that the Thal anti-radiation drug be lethal to the Daleks.
 * Bands of sticky tape were affixed around the shoulder section of the Daleks after William Hartnell cut himself on one of the metal bands.
 * This story replaced previous proposals including Beyond the Sun and The Masters of Luxor.
 * Music from The Daleks was released in 2003 as part of Devil's Planet - The Music of Tristram Cary. This CD also includes tracks from The Daleks' Master Plan.
 * Some of the music from this story was released as Doctor Who at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop, Volume One - The Early Years, 1963-1969". The music would again be used for The Power of the Daleks.
 * All episodes exist in 16mm telerecordings.
 * The episodes were all recovered from negative film prints which were discovered at BBC Enterprises in 1978.
 * The negative of episode 7 is a dub from the positive print.
 * Telesnaps exist for episodes 1, 2, 4 and 5 in private collections.
 * This story was originally scheduled to be designed by Ridley Scott who later went on to direct films such as Alien and Blade Runner.
 * It was during the filming of this serial that American president John F. Kennedy was assassinated; the very next day, Doctor Who made its public bow when the first episode of An Unearthly Child was broadcast.

Ratings

 * Episode 1 - The Dead Planet - 6.9 million viewers
 * Episode 2 - The Survivors - 6.4 million viewers
 * Episode 3 - The Escape - 8.9 million viewers
 * Episode 4 - The Ambush - 9.9 million viewers
 * Episode 5 - The Expedition - 9.9 million viewers
 * Episode 6 - The Ordeal - 10.4 million viewers
 * Episode 7 - The Rescue - 10.4 million viewers

Myths

 * Terry Nation named the Daleks after seeing the spines of a set of encyclopaedias (He made up the name but invented this as a story to tell the press).
 * There was a transmission fault at the start of the first episode that meant the opening moments were in negative. (This was intentional on the part of the production team who wanted to create the impression of heat).
 * This story was intended to feature a Glass Dalek, but this was changed due to budget constraints (The idea of the Glass Dalek was created by David Whitaker for his novelisation of the story) A Glass Dalek did appear in the Sixth Doctor story, Revelation of the Daleks.
 * Electronic interference on the original tape meant that the first episode needed to be remade (The first episode was remade but this was because instructions being relayed to the studio from the control gallery were clearly audible on the original recording).
 * Raymond Cusick based the shape of the Daleks on pepper pots (The inspiration for the Daleks was a man sitting in a chair. He did however use a pepper pot to demonstrate how he envisaged the Daleks moving).

Filming Locations

 * Ealing Television Film Studios
 * Lime Grove Studios (Studio D)

Discontinuity, Plot Holes, Errors

 * It is originally stated that the Thals have travelled for 4 years but this is later reduced to 1 year.
 * Ganatus is aware of the cultural conventions existing in England in the 1960's "We won't use one of the customs of your planet: "ladies first"". (Barbara might have talked to him about where they came from)
 * Despite having turned off the power, the Thals are able to leave through the electronic doors.
 * In episode 3 Susan can be seen running on the spot while the production crew hit her with twigs.
 * In episode 6 Ian grabs a rock wall and ends up with polystyrene in his hand
 * When the Doctor shorts out a Dalek control panel the explosion happens too early.
 * In the Dalek command centre the Daleks in the background are clearly visible to be carboard stand-ups due to a bad camera angle.
 * Why do the Daleks use words like "I feel" and "please" when they are supposed to be ruthless, non-emotional killers?
 * When the Doctor, Susan and Barbara escape wouldn't the Daleks notice that Ian wasn't there or if he was in the Dalek casing? (Maybe that Dalek doesn't know how many there were, or assumes that they wern't all asked to go at the same time)

Continuity

 * The Daleks reappear in The Dalek Invasion of Earth and then go on to become the Doctor most famous enemies.
 * This is the first time the TARDIS food machine is seen. It later reappears in The Edge of Destruction and The Space Museum. In these stories it produces nutrition bars with the taste of food. In NA: Legacy it is revealed that Ace has modified the machine to produce actual food.
 * The History of the Daleks as revealed here differs from the account provided in Genesis of the Daleks. (An suggested explanation on the History of the Daleks page).
 * The Thals later reappear in Planet of the Daleks, Genesis of the Daleks, BFA: The Mutant Phase and EDA: War of the Daleks.
 * Barbara and Ian later named their son John Alydon Ganatus Chesterton after their Thal friends (PDA: Byzantium!).
 * This story was one of two stories in which the Daleks' dependence, for motive power, on static electricity from the floors of their city was a factor.In the other, The Power of the Daleks, they need static electricity but are able to store power for a time. In The Dalek Invasion of Earth, they had found a way round this restriction – they sported small satellite-type dishes to receive power transmissions, and subsequently the design incorporated power-panel slats round the mid-section. InThe Power of the Daleks they have no dishes,yet are dependent on static electricity from metal floors as in The Daleks. As Power occurs after The Daleks in the Who universe, a continuity problem is created. An even greater continuity problem is created by Genesis of the Daleks, in which the Daleks are not dependent on metal floors at all, but can freely move anywhere. In Death to the Daleks they utilise telekinesis for movement.


 * Speculative history of Dalek energy engineering:
 * Genesis of the Daleks - Davros creates the daleks with an independent source of power.


 * The Daleks - The Daleks have built a city, and found it efficient and convenient to draw static electricity from metal floors. Alternately, these Daleks have de-evolved, and come from the end of Dalek history, rather than the beginning. Or perhaps they represent a group of Daleks which remained on Skaro, and chose to remain in their city.
 * The Dalek Invasion of Earth - The Daleks have constructed dishes to receive electricity from an external source. This frees them from contact with metal.
 * The Chase - The Daleks have substituted the dishes for panels on the mid-section their casings.
 * The Power of the Daleks - The Daleks have reverted to dependence on static electricity, fed by metal cables laid in the floors. Or they may represent the speculative group of Daleks which chose to remain city-bound on Skaro. They have left Skaro in a factory ship.


 * This story is one of only two times the Daleks' ray-guns are used for a purpose other than to kill when they paralyse Ian's legs, albeit temporally. (The other, Planet of the Daleks, involves paralysis of the legs of the Third Doctor) However, it is implied that this can be made permanent. The Daleks also use their guns to kill the Thals later in the story. (Much later in The Stolen Earth it would be revealed that a glancing hit from a Dalek gun, while still potentially fatal, isn't necessarily an instant death.)
 * The famous Dalek catchphrase – "Exterminate!" – is not used in this story, though the Daleks refer to "extermination".
 * Susan establishes that the TARDIS has twenty false locks (though it is possible to learn how to turn the key as the Doctor does so for Barbara in MA: The Sorcerer's Apprentice), this changes when the Doctor replaces the lock in The Sensorites.
 * EDA: Alien Bodies suggests that it takes place at around the same general time as this story (there is an explicit mention of the Daleks' "the 'static electricity' phase of the Dalek development."'.

DVD, Video and Other Releases
DVD Release

This story was released (as Doctor Who: The Daleks), together with An Unearthly Child and The Edge of Destruction, as part of The Beginning DVD box set.

Released:
 * Region 2 30th January 2006
 * PAL - BBC DVD BBCDVD1882


 * Region 4 2nd March 2006
 * PAL - Roadshow ????


 * Region 1 28th March 2006
 * NTSC - Warner Video E2489

Video Release


 * First Release: Released as Doctor Who: The Daleks - The Dead Planet and Doctor Who: The Daleks - The Expedition, two separate volumes held together by a band of plastic.

Released:
 * UK June 1989
 * PAL - BBC Video BBCV4242 (2 tapes)
 * Australia/New Zealand December 1989
 * PAL - Polygram BBCV4242 (2 tapes)
 * US June 1995
 * NTSC - CBS/FOX Video 8253 (2 tapes)
 * US 2000
 * NTSC - Warner Video E1275 (2 tapes)

Notes: The 'Next Episode' caption has been removed from Episode 7.


 * Second Release: Released as Doctor Who: The Daleks (Remastered). An unedited, remastered edition that the BBC originally intended to release in a box set with An Unearthly Child and The Edge of Destruction. They changed their plans and decided to release each story individually.

Released:
 * UK February 2001
 * PAL - BBC Video BBCV6960 (2 tapes)
 * Australia/New Zealand April 2001
 * PAL - Roadshow 6960 (1 tape)

Novelisation

 * Main article: Doctor Who in an Exciting Adventure with the Daleks

The novelisation, by David Whitaker, has no continuity with An Unearthly Child (which would be adapted into novel form 17 years later), with Ian and Barbara having never met each other or the Doctor and Susan prior to the events of the story.

It was originally titled Doctor Who in an Exciting Adventure with the Daleks and was first published in hardback by Frederick Muller Ltd on 12th November 1964 at a price of 12s 6d. It was reprinted in December 1964. It featured cover art and 12 internal illustrations by Arnold Schwartzman.

A paperback edition was issued on 4th October 1965 by May Fair Books Ltd, under the "Armada Paperbacks for Boys & Girls" imprint (priced 2s 6d). This version did not use Schwartzman's artwork, using cover and 6 illustrations by Peter Archer. This version used the variant title Dr. Who in an Exciting Adventure with the Daleks. It was followed by an American edition in 1967, the first US publication of a Doctor Who novel.



It was then reprinted as the first title in the new range of Doctor Who novelisations planned by Target Books. It was published 2nd May 1973 as Doctor Who and the Daleks (ISBN 0-426-10110-3) with the subtitle "Based on the popular BBC television serial", and with cover art by Chris Achilleos. It was later number as number 16 in the Target Books Doctor Who Library. It could be purchased for 25p.

Reprints
 * Oct/Nov 1973 (25p)
 * Jan/Feb 1974 (25p)
 * Oct 1974 (30p "Second Impression")
 * 1975 (40p "Second Impression")
 * Autumn 1975 (40p)
 * 1975 (60p)
 * Jan 1976 (40p)
 * 1977 (60p)
 * 1977 (70p "Third Impression", print run 20,000)
 * 1978 (85p "Fourth Impression", print run 6,000)
 * 1979 (70p "Third Impression", print run 12,000)
 * 1980 (85p "Fourth Impression", print run 15,000)
 * 1982 (£1.50)
 * 1983 (£1.50)
 * 1984 (£1.50)

The book was re-issued as Doctor Who - The Daleks on 16th January 1992 (priced £2.99). It featured new cover art by Alister Pearson.