Canada

Canada was a nation in North America. It had provinces and territories. (TV: Children of Earth: Day Three) Its capital city was Ottawa, (TV: The Claws of Axos) and it was also home to the metropolitan city of Toronto. (PROSE: Christmas in Toronto)

20th century
As a British colony, Canada was brought into the First World War against Germany in 1914. (PROSE: The Time Traveller's Almanac)

According to one account, Iris Wildthyme's Celestial Omnibus had a space-time link to a Canadian lake in 1924 which she used to get cold and fresh water. (PROSE: Enter Wildthyme)

In an alternate timeline in which Germany won World War II, the British government went into exile in Canada. (PROSE: Timewyrm: Exodus)

In 1979, Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart and a team from the British division of UNIT travelled to Canada where they investigated sentient electricity pylons which were stalking the Canadian countryside. (AUDIO: The Oseidon Adventure)

Shortly after the Eighth Doctor met Sam Jones, he dropped her off at a Greenpeace rally in Canada. (PROSE: Placebo Effect)

21st century
During the environmental and social chaos of the early 21st century, it was possible for a person to get someone to Canada if support finance could be guaranteed for their first three years. Maria Chavez accomplished this for her son, having raised most of money from her job and the insurance policy paying off the balance when she died. (PROSE: Cat's Cradle: Warhead)

In 2005, following the Dummy Massacre, SeanKoury reported to whoisdoctorwho.co.uk that the dummies had made it to Canada. (PROSE: Dummy Massacre)

By 2007, H.C. Clements had an office in Canada. (TV: The Runaway Bride)

In 2008, the Canadian Space Agency was part of a teleconference on the Atraxi crisis. (TV: The Eleventh Hour)

In 2009, "the Provinces and Territories of Canada" were among the nations which agreed to let John Frobisher speak on their behalf to the 456. (TV: Children of Earth: Day Three)

In 2012, Alistair Gryffen was born in Canada. (TV: Taphony and the Time Loop) Gryffen later became an exceptionally respected scientist, renowned for his work in robotics, particularly for his revolutionary invention, the Thought Matrix, which allowed human-created robots to think for themselves. (TV: Robot Gladiators) He was also one of a group of scientists which created a system to cool the Earth. (TV: The Korven) This resulted in the disastrous "Great Cataclysm". (TV: Aeolian) He met K9 Mark 2 in 2050, and they had many adventures, including defeating a Korven invasion. (TV: The Eclipse of the Korven)

By 2018, the "great Canadian wheat plains" had become, according to Ramón Salamander, the main source of grain for Earth. (TV: The Enemy of the World)

In 2040, Canada held a national referendum on whether to merge their military with that of the United States. (PROSE: The Nuclear Option)

At some point before 2050, Canada returned to British rule. British security organisation the Department operated there. When a Korven spacecraft carrying a Space-Time Manipulator crashed in the frozen wastelands of Canada, the Manipulator was salvaged by the Department. (TV: Angel of the North)

In 2054, the Montana Republican Militia used thermosystron bombs in an attempt to take over Canada. Sergeant Kortez of UNISYC met the Eighth Doctor there. (PROSE: Alien Bodies)

Later history
During the 22nd century Dalek invasion, some American citizens were evacuated to Canada. (PROSE: The Final Sanction)

At some point, parts of Canada became wasteland, with giant residential towers, including Toronto Tower, erected in centres such as Toronto, Ontario. (AUDIO: The Last Voyage)

A cougar from Canada was an object in the game of Time-Space Scavenger Hunt played by the Twelfth Doctor and Miss Chief. (COMIC: Witch Hunt)

Comparisons
The Second Doctor compared a planet inhabited by sabre-toothed gorillas to Canada. (COMIC: The Sabre-Toothed Gorillas)

The Eleventh Doctor said that the Silurian Ark was the size of Canada. (TV: Dinosaurs on a Spaceship)

Other references
The singer Justin Bieber was Canadian. (PROSE: Loose Wire)

Behind the scenes

 * Doctor Who was filmed in Vancouver, B.C. from 15 January to 21 February 1996, the first time a Doctor Who production had been mounted in North America. Canada remains the only North American country to host a complete production (other on-location episodes such as The Angels Take Manhattan and The Impossible Astronaut were still partially filmed in the UK).
 * Canada was the first country in North America (and one of the first outside the UK) to see broadcasts of Doctor Who when the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation debuted the first season in 1964 (it was cancelled 20 weeks later, however, following the conclusion of Marco Polo). Viewers in Edmonton, Alberta were also the first to see the 1996 TV movie, which aired there a few days before it was shown in the US. In 2005, Canada repeated history by once again becoming the first North American country (and one of if not the first non-UK countries) to see the revived series, again on the CBC, initially only two weeks after the UK broadcast.
 * The origins of Doctor Who also owe a debt to Canada, as Sydney Newman, considered one of the creators of Doctor Who, was a Canadian working for the BBC. He began his TV career as a producer for the CBC.
 * According to The Brilliant Book 2011, a reference book this wiki's policies do not consider to be a valid source, when solar flares threatened life on Earth, the nations of the world constructed starships, such as Starship UK, to house their populations. Starship Canada was among them.

Canada