Retro-regeneration

Retro-regeneration was the process of regenerations being forced in reverse, causing the Time Lord in question to revert to previous incarnations, (COMIC: The Fountains of Forever) known only to be attempted by Time Lords of the First Rank (PROSE: State of Change) though it was not known to be permanent in any cases. (COMIC: Timeslip, The Fountains of Forever, Outrun)

Instances
The Fourth Doctor and his TARDIS were once infected by a space amoeba, which caused him to and revert to his third, second, and first incarnations as he rapidly slid back through all of his past selves. (COMIC: Timeslip)

The Sixth Doctor was similarly forced to revert to all of his previous incarnations on Terra Nova. (PROSE: State of Change) A similar occurrence took place inside the TARDIS while fending off the Funhouse. (COMIC: Funhouse)

During the Last Great Time War, while explaining to Alice Obiefune how time worked different in the war, the Master briefly turned back into. (COMIC: Kill God)

The Tenth Doctor was once forced to retro-regenerate into his ninth incarnation by an age-regression gun. (COMIC: The Fountains of Forever)

When The Then and the Now attempted to ingest the timeline of the Eleventh Doctor, it caused him to regress through his incarnations to the War Doctor, where the Doctor's resistance of that period of his life halted the ingestion. (COMIC: Outrun) A similar occurrence happened earlier, and the Eleventh Doctor appeared between his First Incarnation and the Curator. (COMIC: The Then and the Now) The next time it happened, the Eleventh Doctor became his Second, Third, Fifth, Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth incarnations, as well as his Twelfth, a future incarnation. (COMIC: Running to Stay Still)