The Fires of Pompeii (TV story)

The Fires of Pompeii was the second story of the fourth series of Doctor Who. Narratively, the story was important for explaining why the Doctor can sometimes change history and at other times cannot. Specifically, it introduced the notion of "fixed points" in time, which would later be the central theme of TV: The Waters of Mars and TV: The Wedding of River Song. It also continued the "Missing Planets" arc, with the Pyroviles mentioning their home planet having been taken much like the Adipose's breeding planet.

Behind the scenes, it was notable for being the first major shoot outside the United Kingdom since the 1996 telemovie. Moreover, it was the first time a principal photography unit had been outside its country of production since The Two Doctors.

This episode featured the first appearance of two actors within the series that went on to play bigger roles during the show's later seasons. It hosted a guest appearance from Karen Gillan, who would later star as the Eleventh Doctor's companion, Amy Pond, in series 5, 6 and 7. It also featured a guest appearance of Peter Capaldi, who would later portray the Twelfth incarnation of the Doctor.

Synopsis
The Tenth Doctor tries taking Donna Noble to ancient Rome for her first trip in the TARDIS, but seems to have miscalculated. Instead of seven hills, they find a single mountain billowing smoke — Vesuvius. They're in Pompeii, 23 August 79 AD: the day before "Volcano Day". However, something else is horribly wrong. The Soothsayers' predictions seem to always be correct... so why can't they see tomorrow's disastrous events, the eruption of Vesuvius, the death of their city? What is blocking their perception, and will the TARDIS team be able to walk away from a fixed point in time, saving no one from certain doom? Well, Donna has something to say about that!

Plot
The Tenth Doctor and Donna exit the TARDIS in what the Doctor claims is 1st century Rome. Donna is amazed to have gone back in time; everyone around them is long dead, from her perspective of being from the 21st century. Joking not to tell the locals that, the Doctor watches as Donna takes in the sights.

When Donna expresses scepticism due to English words she notices on a cart, the Doctor explains that the TARDIS translation circuits are translating the local language for her; they're actually currently speaking Latin. This amazes Donna further. A new idea forms in her head — what if she said something in actual Latin while her speech is being translated? She tries it out by saying "Veni, vidi, vici" to a nearby stallholder, who tells her, emphasising each syllable, that he doesn't speak Celtic. The Doctor explains that she sounded Welsh — "there's something". Resuming their walk, Donna wonders if they stick out because of their clothing, but the Doctor explains that Rome is "like Soho, but bigger". The Doctor explains that he's been here before — "and "that fire had nothing to do with me... Well, a little bit!"

Two soon soon realise that something's horribly wrong. Where are those great sights — the Colosseum, the Circus Maximus, the Pantheon — that the Doctor never got to see? Why is there one hill, and not Rome's famous ... and why is it smoking? As a tremor rocks the streets, the Doctor realises they have arrived not in Rome, but in Pompeii in August 79 — and Vesuvius is about to erupt!

Some time later, the Doctor and Donna meet up; he's learned the date from the locals, and it's exactly the day before the eruption. The Doctor then tells her off when she tries to plan an evacuation. "Pompeii is a fixed point in history. What happens, happens. There is no stopping it."

She follows him back to the TARDIS... but the Doctor's ship is gone! They find that the stallholder has sold it to local marble merchant, Caecilius, as a piece of "modern art".

Meanwhile, a red-hooded member of the Sibylline Sisterhood who has been following them reports to her fellow sisters and the High Priestess that the "blue box" has appeared in the marketplace. They find that this is a fulfilment of a Sibylline prophecy. However, it was to come at the time of fire, destruction and betrayal.

At Caecilius's house, his wife Metella is preparing their prophetically-gifted but sickly daughter Evelina for the arrival of the town's augur, Lucius Petrus Dextrus. Their son Quintus is also present. A tremor causes them to brace their valuables. Unable to catch one, they are lucky that the Doctor arrives, and holds it in place. The family introduce themselves, and the Doctor uses his psychic paper to pass himself off as a marble inspector, which is also an excuse to get the TARDIS back. Both the Doctor and Donna assume the alias "Spartacus".

Lucius arrives, and the Doctor wins a verbal joust with the augur, earning praise in return for his cleverness. The Doctor then excuses himself and Donna, and they head to the TARDIS to leave. However, he is compelled to stay when he sees Caecilius unveil a marble plaque he has produced to Lucius' designs — it is recognisably an electrical circuit. Overhearing Lucius give prophecies, the Doctor tells Donna that they're in an age of "official superstition"; prophecies are the equivalent of ten o'clock news.

Overhearing them, Evelina tells her parents that they "use words like tricksters" and are mocking them. Seeing how ill Evelina is, the Doctor is told she breathes vapours for strength, but he disagrees that it is having that effect. She then asks if that's his opinion as a "Doctor". Lucius claims that Evelina's prophecies are easily faulted. However, when the Doctor says Lucius has been "out-soothsayed", the augur joins Evelina in predicting the truths about Donna and the Doctor. They see their real names, naming Gallifrey and London as their true homes, Gallifrey's destruction, and the Doctor's name being "written" in the stars of the Medusa Cascade. Evelina also states that his true name is not Doctor but is "hidden" and that he is a Lord of Time. Petrus Dextrus warns the Doctor "she" is returning and tells Donna that "there is something on your back". Evelina then faints.

Later, Donna investigates Evelina's mysterious skin ailment. She finds that the ailment in question is that her skin is becoming petrified. Her arm has completely turned to stone. Meanwhile, the Doctor is shown a hypocaust system powered by from Vesuvius itself, from which emit monstrous sounds from "the gods of the underworld". This system, he is told, was installed after the 62 earthquake on instructions from Lucius and the other soothsayers. From that time onwards, the soothsayers have been inhaling rock dust from these hypocausts, and all their predictions have been uncannily accurate. If so, then why have they not predicted Vesuvius' imminent eruption?

Bribing Quintus into showing him where Lucius lives, the Doctor breaks into the augur's house with the boy. They find that not only is there the stone circuit that was made by Caecilius, but five others as well. Quintus is shocked by this. The Doctor explains that it's common practice for a criminal to acquire the required parts from different places to avoid suspicion. Meanwhile, Evelina gives Donna a, and talks about a teenager's life in Pompeii. Donna's hints about Vesuvius' impending eruption are ignored, and she realises that none of the seers have foreseen it. She tells Evelina about the eruption, which the sisterhood telepathically overhear through Evelina. Their High Priestess decries it as false prophecy, determining that Donna must be sacrificed.

Quintus and the Doctor, meanwhile, have been caught by Lucius. The Doctor helps him assemble the marble plaques into a circuit board. He asks who instructed Lucius to build this, saying he can help him. Dextrus takes this as offence against the gods, and threatens to have his guards kill them. The Doctor responds by trying to shake his hand — and breaks off Dextrus's completely petrified right arm. They then take the opportunity to flee as the Doctor knocks over the tablets. Lucius begs the gods of the underworld to go after the Doctor and Quintus as they would prevent the rise of Pompeii. A safe distance from Lucius' home, the Doctor and Quintus hear thudding footsteps from underneath the ground. Returning to Caecilius's house, they find Dextrus has summoned a giant, humanoid, stone-and-magma creature from the hypocaust. The Doctor tells Donna to get water, while he attempts to reason with the creature. Members of the Sisterhood appear behind Donna and drag her from the room. Only Evelina sees this, but one of the sisterhood motions to her to remain silent. Unable to reason with the creature, the Doctor has Quintus throw water on it, causing it to harden and collapse into rubble. He then wonders what happened to Donna.

At the altar in the sisterhood's temple, Donna has been tied down to a table as a sacrifice. Just as Sister Spurrina lowers her knife — Donna's prattling voice will cease forever — the Doctor arrived, saying, "Oh, that'll be the day." Entering anyway, he tells them he had met the original Sybil after whom the order is named, and she would be ashamed of them. Spreading the word with the blade of a knife? Spurrina moves to stab him, but the High Priestess demands to speak with the Doctor. With the curtain moved away, it is shown the High Priestess has been completely turned to stone. She confirms that it hurts, but the voices tell her it's necessary.

The Doctor realises that somehow, the people of Pompeii are turning to stone before the volcano erupts. The High Priestess sees into his mind, demanding to know what a volcano is. Suspicious, the Doctor demands to know who she is. The alien, asserting control over the High Priestess, declares itself a Pyrovile; the sisters blindly begin chanting its name. The Doctor, taking a water pistol out of his coat, warns her that he's "armed". He instructs Donna to open the hypocaust, and demands to know what the Pyroviles are doing here. The Pyrovile explains that it is one several aliens who crashed to Earth millennia earlier, awakened by the 62 earthquake. Their adult form is the creature they saw at Caecilius' villa. They are a psychic race, and have bonded telepathically with some of the local humans. The Doctor cannot find how they are seeing the future with such accuracy — such an ability is beyond psychic. As he questions why the soothsayers can't see the volcano, though Spurrina informs her sisters that the weapon is harmless. The Doctor confesses that she's right, but adds that it will sting. He fires a few squirts of water at the High Priestess, who wails in pain. Donna and the Doctor use the confusion to escape into the hypocaust, in towards Vesuvius itself. Dextrus and the possessed high priestess each declare that their Pyrovile-induced prophecy of a Pompeiian empire must advance, the latter warning that the Doctor threatens their plans. As they run, Donna tries to convince the Doctor to stop Vesuvius's eruption. He again refuses, telling her the eruption is a fixed point in time which cannot be stopped or avoided. Donna asks him how he knows this as she is basically history to him as well, but he saved her and everyone else in 2008. The Doctor explains his Time Lord ability to see the past, present and all possible futures at once, calling it a burden. Donna presses him as to how many people died. The Doctor confirms the figure was about 20,000, and she asks him if it's alright to let all these people die. Before he can answer, they hear a roar, hinting that the Pyrovile are aware of their presence, forcing them deeper into the volcano.

Dextrus and the Cult of Vulcan take the circuit boards to the mountain. The Doctor and Donna, meanwhile, have reached the centre of the volcano. Inside it, they see what appears to be the remains of an escape pod, or something similar. Donna guesses that the aliens plan to blow up the mountain to launch themselves into space. However, the Doctor informs her they are planning something much more sinister. They are then discovered by Lucius, who summons the adult Pyrovile to hunt down Donna and the Doctor, declaring their presence a defilement to his masters' temple. The Doctor and Donna make their way towards the pod, briefly fending off an adult Pyrovile with the water-pistol. Reaching the pod, the Doctor politely asks Lucius as to the Pyroviles' plan before they die. Lucius announces that his masters' plan is to expanding beyond Pompeii, to conquer the whole world. Donna points out that the Pyroviles could just go home, but Lucius retorts that their home planet, Pyrovillia, was "taken". Thus they will stay and conquer Earth, boiling its oceans.

The Doctor and Donna lock themselves in the Pyrovillian ship. The Doctor finds the Pyrovile are using Vesuvius to set up a fusion matrix to convert millions of humans into Pyroviles. The matrix will bleed off so much of Vesuvius' pent-up energy there won't be enough to trigger the eruption — this is why the soothsayers have been unable to see it. There won't be an eruption anymore! The Doctor can switch off the Pyrovillian circuitry and save the world from conquest, but he will cause the eruption and the deaths of himself, Donna and twenty thousand people. And if Pompeii is destroyed, it's not just history... "it's me".

They choose the latter as the lesser of two evils, and, together, reverse the machine. Vesuvius' eruption begins imminently, and both Lucius and the Pyroviles, at the centre of the explosion, are destroyed almost instantly. The residents of Pompeii watch in terror as ash falls upon them, thinking the sky is falling. Meanwhile, the Pyrovillian escape pod holding the Doctor and Donna is launched into the sky and lands between Vesuvius and Pompeii — it really was an escape pod! The two run for the safety of the TARDIS. As they do, Donna tries to inform the citizens where it's safest to flee, but they ignore her in panic.

They reach the Caecilius family's home, where the Doctor ignores their pleas for help as Donna yells at him. With the TARDIS engines starting up, Donna is forced to board as well. As they dematerialise, Donna urges him to return and save the citizens. The Doctor refuses, saying if he could go back, he would — just as he would go back and prevent the destruction of Gallifrey, which also burned. Donna tearfully pleads with him — if not the city, then just save someone. Just one person! The Doctor relents, and rematerialises the TARDIS inside the Caecilius home, where the family are huddled in a corner awaiting death. He offers them his hand, and takes them into the safety of the TARDIS.

The Doctor, Donna, and the Caecilius family gloomily watch the eruption from the hills. The Doctor explains why Evelina's visions have stopped — the massive explosion of Vesuvius caused a tiny rift in time, but it's now been sealed. He promises that Caecilius and Pompeii will be remembered. They then wonder who the Doctor is and why his "temple" has such size within. Caecilius, awed by the fury of Vesuvius, coins the word "volcano". The Doctor and Donna leave, with him acknowledging that she was right — "Sometimes I need someone".

Six months later — in early 80 — the Caecilius family has resettled in Rome. Lucius Caecilius has re-established his marble business, now worrying about a deal with the Egyptians that may set up his family for life. Evelina is a healthy and happy teenager once again, and is dating and wearing trendy outfits, much to her father's consternation. Quintus has been the most affected of the family — he is now training to be a doctor. He is told to give thanks to the household gods before he leaves for his studies. Doing so, Quintus smiles at the image of the gods and thanks them; the marble bas-relief shows the family's household gods to be the Doctor and Donna, and their temple the TARDIS.

Cast

 * The Doctor - David Tennant
 * Donna Noble - Catherine Tate
 * Lucius Caecilius Iucundus - Peter Capaldi
 * Lucius Petrus Dextrus - Phil Davis
 * Metella - Tracey Childs
 * Spurrina - Sasha Behar
 * Caecilia Evelina - Francesca Fowler
 * Thalina - Lorraine Burroughs
 * High Priestess - Victoria Wicks
 * Quintus Caecilius Iucundus - Francois Pandolfo
 * Soothsayer - Karen Gillan
 * Stallholder - Phil Cornwell

Individuals

 * When asked of his identity, the Doctor replies, "I am... Spartacus." Donna says, "And so am I." This refers to the famous scene in the film, where everyone announces they're to protect the protagonist.
 * The Doctor tells Donna that he can see "all that is, all that was, and all that ever could be"; the implication is that he sees this simultaneously, and that he cannot suppress this ability. Rose Tyler also said this while she was the Bad Wolf.
 * Donna mentions her father, Geoff Noble, only as "dad".
 * This is the second time the Doctor and Donna were mistaken as married in their time together.

Culture

 * Evelina could have been a Vestal Virgin, had they moved to Rome. Quintus makes a crack about the term.

Foods and beverages

 * Lucius orders ants in honey and a dormouse as a snack.

Locations

 * Donna thinks (at first) that she's in Epcot, when she sees a sign in English; she is corrected by the Doctor when he explains the TARDIS' telepathic translation circuits.
 * The Doctor tells Donna he visited Rome a long time ago and had no part in the Great Fire of Rome before adding, "Well, a little bit."
 * The Doctor uses the phrase "volcano day", first used by Jack Harkness in reference to a con in Pompeii. The Ninth Doctor also used the phrase.
 * When seeing the future, Evelina mentions that the Doctor's name is hidden under the "Cascade of Medusa herself".
 * Gallifrey is mentioned by Lucius, and the Doctor is called a Lord of Time.
 * Lucius' villa is located on Foss Street.

Organisations

 * The Doctor mentions the Shadow Proclamation when ordering a Pyrovile using a human host to reveal its species. He also asks for its home planet and galactic coordinates.

Time travel

 * The explosion of Pompeii caused a rift in time allowing an alternate timeline to seep backwards into the Pyrovillian alternative, creating visions.

Toys

 * The Doctor attacks the High Priestess and a mature Pyrovile with a cheap, plastic water pistol; the water causes both pain.

Story notes

 * Caecilius' purchase of the TARDIS in the belief that it's a work of modern art is a deliberate reference to City of Death — one of episode writer James Moran's favourite stories from the classic series. In City of Death, the TARDIS is parked in an art gallery, causing a pair of critics (John Cleese and Eleanor Bron) to discuss its artistic merits before being even more impressed when it dematerialises in front of them.
 * Coincidentally, City of Death was the first episode of the classic series to involve filming outside of the UK, while The Fires of Pompeii has been the first episode of the series revival to have major filming done outside the UK.
 * The Pyrovile were originally called Pyrovillaxians. This was shortened to Pyrovellians, then Pyrovile.
 * Originally The Fires of Pompeii was intended to be transmitted after Planet of the Ood, but this was swapped because, as Russell T Davies wrote in Doctor Who: The Writer's Tale:
 * "Since the Ood tale is surprisingly dark, I'd thought that it would undercut people's comedy expectations of Life With Donna, but then, at the read-through, I thought that the Ood episode was dark to the point of grim. It's a very macho, testosterone-fuelled script, and they're never my favourites, so, yes, it's better as the third episode."
 * In the accompanying edition of Doctor Who Confidential (The Italian Job) Davies confirms that Caecilius and his family were based on characters from a series of Latin text books used in secondary schools. Although Caecilius was a real person who lived in Pompeii in the 1st century AD, recent research has suggested he may have died in around AD 62 and not survived to the final destruction of the city almost twenty years later.
 * Phil Cornwell (Stallholder) parodied the Ninth Doctor in a sketch for the Christmas 2005 edition of Dead Ringers (Christmas Day at Doctor Who's).
 * BBC4 broadcast three related programmes on the same evening as the original broadcast; "Earth: the Power of the Planet" (an episode about volcanoes) at 2010BST, "Pompeii: the Last Day" at 2110BST, and "10 Things You Didn't Know About Volcanoes" (actually broadcast at 0155BST the following morning). The Radio Times listing for The Fires of Pompeii made reference to "Pompeii: the Last Day".
 * The fountain in this story is reused as the cloning vat in The Sontaran Stratagem.
 * In an email to Ben Cook in The Writer's Tale, Davies suggests that the escape pod the Doctor and Donna use to trigger the eruption and then flee Vesuvius might be a reworked Sontaran globe-ship, since they would need the ships for the upcoming Sontaran double episode. Whether or not they actually did so is unclear.
 * The "Petrus Dextrus" in Lucius Petrus Dextrus translates roughly to "stone right-hand". This is a reference to his right arm, which had turned to stone.
 * The Doctor jokes that Donna is from Barcelona, a reference to a running gag in Fawlty Towers. The Ninth and Tenth Doctors also talked of visiting the planet Barcelona with his companion, but whether the Tenth Doctor ever did remains unknown. (TV: The Parting of the Ways and Children in Need Special)
 * The episode addresses a long-standing issue of the "gift of translation" the Doctor or the TARDIS bestows upon companions. It is revealed that while the Doctor and Donna hear the Romans speaking colloquial English (with Cockney accents in some cases), the Romans hear them speaking Latin. When Donna and the Doctor actually speak Latin phrases (eg "Veni, vidi, vici"), the Romans hear this as Celtic (as the English language hadn't yet developed). The Doctor seems to have been unaware of what would happen in such a case.

Ratings

 * 9.0 million viewers

Studio

 * Upper Boat Studios, Treforrest
 * Cinecittà Studios, Rome

Discounting Doctor Who (1996), which was filmed in Canada, and Daleks in Manhattan, which featured some second-unit photography in New York City but nothing involving the cast, this is the first regular-series episode to be filmed outside the UK since TV: The Two Doctors, which was filmed in Spain in 1984.

Location

 * Mount Vesuvius, Naples
 * Welsh Centre for International Affairs, Cardiff
 * Clearwell Caves, Gloucestershire
 * Morlais Quarry, Merthyr Tydfil
 * Taffs Well Quarry, Taffs Well

Production errors

 * Just before the Doctor finds out that everyone with the "gift" is breathing in Vesuvius, the Doctor's glasses fog up but in the next shot they are all clear.
 * As the Doctor and Donna enter the TARDIS after watching the destruction of Pompeii from the hills, the front of the TARDIS is facing outward, towards the city. In the very next shot, showing a wide view of the surroundings, the TARDIS has rotated, as shown by the sign on the door now facing approximately 90° to the left. This is purely a CGI error, as the sound of the Doctor and Donna entering the TARDIS can be heard but not seen.
 * A major error is that once the Doctor breaks off Lucius Petrus Dextrus' right arm, he becomes wider and it is quite obvious by this that the actor's arm is strapped under his toga.
 * The word "BIRTVS" or "BURTVS" can be seen carved into the stone towards the end after the Doctor saved the family, more specifically when Evelina and Quintus are holding hands.

Continuity

 * The Doctor refers to having visited Rome and claims innocence as to his part in the Great Fire of Rome. (TV: The Romans)
 * The Doctor pulls the arm off one of his adversaries, just as he previously did with an Auton. (TV: Rose)
 * Dextrus says that Donna has "something on her back". (TV: Turn Left)
 * Dextrus says to the Doctor that 'she' is returning, referencing Rose Tyler who would soon reunite with him. (TV: The Stolen Earth)
 * The Doctor's discussion of time and not interfering harkens back to an argument long ago with previous companion Barbara Wright. (TV: The Aztecs)
 * The Doctor produces a small spyglass from his pockets, much as he did in TV: Robot.
 * The Doctor also produces a water pistol, which would appear again (and be stolen by a Graske) in TV: Music of the Spheres.
 * The Doctor says it's volcano day, much as Jack did in TV: The Doctor Dances.
 * The Seventh Doctor and Melanie Bush visited Pompeii at the same time and also got involved in time-changing decisions, (AUDIO: The Fires of Vulcan) whereas an older version of the Seventh Doctor would later return to the same time and place in the company of Ace. (PROSE: The Algebra of Ice)
 * The destruction of Pompeii was later referenced by the Doctor when he wrestled with abandoning Bowie Base One in TV: The Waters of Mars.
 * The Sibylline Sisterhood shares similarities with the Sisterhood of Karn. (TV: The Brain of Morbius)
 * The Doctor's TARDIS was previously mistaken for a work of art (TV: City of Death) and would be again. (PROSE: The War of Art)
 * Donna calls the Doctor "spaceman". (TV: The Runaway Bride)
 * The Doctor previously visited Rome in PROSE: The Stone Rose.

Home video releases

 * This story was released in the Series 4 DVD box set in November 2008 along with the rest of the series.
 * It was also released as Series 4 Volume 1 in a vanilla edition with Partners in Crime and Planet of the Ood.