Cabbage

Cabbage was a type of vegetable. The air of Belepheron smelled of boiled cabbage and boiled eggs. (PROSE: The Last Dodo)

The Sixth Doctor's companion, Peri Brown, saw a giant snoring red cabbage in a dimension created by a personal reality warp comprised of her idle thoughts. (COMIC: Salad Daze) He kept a cabbage leaf in his C chest. (AUDIO: The Carrionite Curse)

According to one account, the Ninth Doctor, Jack Harkness, and Rose Tyler defeated the Nestene Consciousness and the Autons by throwing cabbages at them. (PROSE: Dr. Ninth) Although, in other accounts, the Nestene was defeated when Rose knocked a vial of anti-plastic from the grasp of an Auton into the Nestene, causing it to explode. (TV: Rose, etc.) NickP, who was near some of the "dummies" when they began to die, nearly hurled from the smell, which he compared to cabbage. (PROSE: Dummy Massacre)

The Tenth Doctor defeated the Glutonoid with food blocks, one of which tasted of cabbage. (COMIC: The Glutonoid Menace)

The planet Tiro was home to giant cabbage plants. The First Doctor took shelter in one during his journey to see Argon. (PROSE: Terror on Tiro)

After letting off a loud fart at Park Vale Comprehensive School's assembly, Headmaster "Greg Blakeman" claimed that his wife had given him cabbage and bean tartlets the previous night, which he cited as "another reason to despise Jamie Oliver". (TV: Revenge of the Slitheen)

Behind the scenes
According to the video game Legacy, which is not a valid source for in-universe articles on this wiki, when Vastra and the Eleventh Doctor arrived in 1970s Earth the Doctor noted that it smelled like boiled cabbage. This was either because it was deserted or the Sontarans were invading.