Scotland

Scotland was a constituent country of the United Kingdom. The capital of Scotland was Edinburgh, although the largest city was Glasgow, which was home to Torchwood Two. (TWN: The Twilight Streets)

History
The Sixth Doctor sent the Borad back to Scotland in the 12th century stating he would probably end up as the Loch Ness Monster. (DW: Timelash)

In 1705, the Alien Act was passed by the English Parliament, which forced the Scottish Parliament to negotiate full union with England. Later, the two countries' governments united to form the United Kingdom, this was opposed by Jacobite rebels.

In 1746, during the final battle of the Second Jacobite Rebellion, the Battle of Culloden, the Second Doctor first met his companion Jamie McCrimmon, a native Scot. (DW: The Highlanders)

In 1879, the Tenth Doctor and Rose Tyler battled a werewolf in Scotland, where he also met Queen Victoria. (DW: Tooth and Claw)

In 1965, Torchwood agents, including Torchwood Three's Jack Harkness, gave twelve orphan children from near Arbroath to the 456 in exchange for an anti-virus. (TW: Children of Earth)

In 1975, the Fourth Doctor encountered the Zygons and the fabled Loch Ness Monster in the north of Scotland, presumably near Inverness. (DW: Terror of the Zygons)

In the UNIT era, circa the 1970s, while attempting to drop off Sarah Jane Smith in Croydon, the Fourth Doctor mistakenly left her instead in Aberdeen, although he left before he realised his mistake, (DW: The Hand of Fear) and did not find out until his tenth incarnation met her in 2007. (DW: School Reunion)

The first companion to the newly regenerated Eleventh Doctor, Amy Pond, was a native to Scotland. She was born there in 1989, before later moving to Leadworth in England. (DW: The Eleventh Hour, The Big Bang)

During the 29th century, when the nations of the Earth were evacuating the planet due to solar flares, Scotland refused to be a part of Starship UK, instead building their own ship. (DW: The Beast Below)