Theory:Doctor Who television discontinuity and plot holes/Empress of Mars


 * We never do find out exactly why the Doctor, Bill and Nardole are at NASA in the first place. It is not because of the message being found (which would make the rest of the episode a flashback) as it's clearly indicated they went to Mars to investigate its origin.
 * It's not exactly a plot hole for the story, they likely were just wandering round as the Doctor always does when he's off on adventures.
 * I think it's that the Doctor has already had the adventure, and has gone forward in time to mischeviously see what humanity makes of what he's done.
 * Actually I think he was simply just taking Bill to see NASA and they just happened to be there when they discovered the "GOD SAVE THE QUEEN" message
 * It's called a Macguffin. I admit it is a bad interpretation of a Macguffin, but one, none the less.


 * Why does the TARDIS just abandon the Doctor and Bill on Mars? It's not like there's an outward force controlling it like the Silence once did or that it shifted into another dimension like in the Pirate episode.
 * The episode was written before Nardole became a companion, so they had to get rid of him somehow!
 * Hostile Action Displacement System, perhaps?
 * And since the TARDIS isn't on Mars for most of the episode, how can they understand the Empress and her Ice Warriors? The soldiers have probably taught 'Friday' English, I suppose.
 * It's long been established that the TARDIS doesn't need to present for the translation matrix to function, as long as the person has travelled in the TARDIS.
 * But the soldiers and the Ice Warriors haven't travelled in the TARDIS.
 * See The Christmas Invasion, the Doctor is connected to it as well, maybe he extended the translation or the Ice Warriors translated to default English as the Judoon once did.
 * Anyway, its all academic, as the Ice Warriors can speak English! the Soldiers able to understand the Ice Warriors before the Doctor and TARDIS came along!


 * How were they able to move all those rocks, at the end? (Hope this doesn't get deleted!)
 * I guess the super-strong Ice Warriors were able to move them.
 * They are not seen on screen at the time. And, how would the Ice Warriors breath on the surface of Mars?
 * Perhaps it was the Doctor, he is a Timelord, who are much stronger than they look.


 * I the Martians society is shown becoming peaceful in the 19th century, why is the Marshall trying to conquer Earthin The Seeds Of Death?
 * A civilization's culture doesn't change overnight. So presumably the change in Ice Warrior society occurred gradually and in fits and starts. And at the end this episode the Empress hasn't actually forsworn war. She tells the British commander, whose name escapes me, that he will die in battle defending her people. By the Peladon stories the Ice Warriors have become peaceful members of a Galactic Federation.
 * The Doctor is now aware that there is a message on Mars. How would be know what time zone to go to, to arrive before the message was left?


 * What happened to all the other soldiers that survived? Why weren't they allowed to return home?
 * I guess Alpha Centauri got them home somehow. But yes, it's a bit of a plothole.


 * Where did the fuel for the fires in the tunnels come from?
 * The soldiers brought some wood with them to Mars from Earth.