Harry Houdini

Harry Houdini was a famous magician on Earth. He met the Doctor and taught him how to contract the muscles, which helped the Doctor escape from the Eight Legs on Metebelis III. (DW: Planet of the Spiders)

Whilst handcuffed, Donna questioned the Doctor as to whether he had ever met Houdini. (DW: Planet of the Ood)

In Area 51, when the Doctor, Cassie, and Jimmy were trapped on a 'table', the Doctor managed to break away from the hand cuffs, and turn off the Amnesia gas. This was a trick taught to him by Houdini. (DW: Dreamland)

The Doctor, in 16th century Venice, entered an underground cellar, and met five female "Vampires". When he saw that they could be seen in the mirror, he compared it to a trick by Houdini. (DW: The Vampires of Venice)