Ape

Apes were a variety of primate native to Earth, evolutionarily close to humans.

Human evolution
In 1883, Reverend Ernest Matthews was turned into an ape by Josiah Samuel Smith because he didn't believe that man evolved from apes. (TV: Ghost Light) This sentiment was not shared by the Silurians, who had witnessed the evolution, and therefore frequently called humans "apes". (COMIC: Twilight of the Silurians, TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians, Cold Blood, and many others)

Subspecies
A species of ape known as "Ice Apes" lived under the Antarctic ice cap. (COMIC: Ice Cap Terror)

The Yeti species Mih-teh and Dzu-teh were closely related to apes. (PROSE: Downtime)

Extra-terrestrial apes
One planet was home to apes, some of which were captured by giant birds, apparently as pets. They captured John and Gillian as well when they visited the planet. (COMIC: Kingdom of the Animals)

As a slur
The Ninth Doctor called humans "stupid apes" on a few occasions. (TV: Rose, Father's Day)

Trevor Ridgely called Palmer an annoying ape. (AUDIO: The Nowhere Place)

Silurians referred to humans as apes. Silurians would use a virus on their crops to get rid of them. (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians) Alaya indicated that she used to hunt apes for sport. (TV: Cold Blood) A female Silurian, Vastra, once commented that "people are apes, men are monkeys." (TV: Deep Breath)