Canada

Canada was a nation in North America.

History
In an alternate timeline in which Germany won World War II, the British government went into exile in Canada. (NA: Timewyrm: Exodus)

In 1979, Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart and a team from the British division of UNIT travelled to Canada where they investigated sentient electricity pylons which were stalking the Canadian countryside. (BFA: The Oseidon Adventure)

During the environmental and social chaos of the early 21st century, it was possible for a person to get someone to Canada if support finance could be guaranteed for their first three years. Maria Chavez accomplished this for her son, having raised most of money from her job and the insurance policy paying off the balance when she died. (NA: Cat's Cradle: Warhead)

In 2008, the Canadian Space Agency was part of a teleconference on the Atraxi crisis. (DW: The Eleventh Hour)

In 2009, "The Provinces and Territories of Canada" were among the nations which agreed to let John Frobisher speak on their behalf to the 456. (TW: Children of Earth: Day Three)

In 2012, Alistair Gryffen was born in Canada. (K9TV: Taphony and the Time Loop) Gryffen would later become an exceptionally respected scientist, renowned for his work in robotics, particularly for his revolutionary invention, the Thought Matrix, which allowed human-created Robots to think for themselves. (K9TV: Robot Gladiators) He was also one of a group of scientists which created a system to cool the Earth, (K9TV: The Korven). This resulted in the disastrous 'Great Cataclysm'. (K9TV: Aeolian) He met K9 Mark 2 in 2050, and they had many adventures including defeating a Korven invasion. (K9TV: The Eclipse of the Korven)

In 2040, Canada held a national referendum on whether to merge their military with that of the United States. (ST: The Nuclear Option)

Some time before 2050 a Korven spacecraft carrying a Space-Time Manipulator crashed in the frozen wastelands of Canada. The Manipulator was later salvaged by The Department. (K9TV: Angel of the North)

In 2054, the Montana Republican Militia used thermosystron bombs in an attempt to take over Canada. (EDA: Alien Bodies)

During the 22nd century Dalek invasion, some American citizens were evacuated to Canada. (PDA: The Final Sanction)

At some point in the future, parts of Canada become wasteland, with giant residential towers, including Toronto Tower erected in centres such as Toronto, Ontario. (NSA: The Last Voyage)

Behind the scenes

 * Doctor Who was filmed in Vancouver, B.C. in 1995-96, the first time a Doctor Who production had been mounted in North America. Canada remains the only North American country to host a complete production. However, Doctor Who has filmed in the United States since. Some second unit footage shot in New York City for Daleks in Manhattan, and the first unit on The Impossible Astronaut and Day of the Moon went to Utah.
 * Canada was the first country in North America (and one of the first outside the UK) to see broadcasts of Doctor Who when the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation debuted the first season in 1964 (it was cancelled a year later, however). Viewers in Edmonton, Alberta were also the first to see the 1996 TV movie, which aired there a few days before it was shown in the US. In 2005 Canada repeated history by once again becoming the first North American country (and one of if not the first non-UK countries) to see the revived series, again on the CBC.
 * The origins of Doctor Who also owe a debt to Canada, as Sydney Newman, considered one of the creators of Doctor Who, was a Canadian working for the BBC.
 * According to The Brilliant Book 2011, a non-canonical REF book; when solar flares threatened life on Earth, the nations of the world constructed starships such as Starship UK, to house their populations. Starship Canada was among them.

Canada