Pompeii

Pompeii was a city in Italy remembered for its destruction by the volcano Vesuvius in the 1st century. (DW: The Fires of Pompeii; BFA: The Fires of Vulcan)

A group of Pyrovile landed in the region and slept for thousands of years until awakened by an earthquake in 62 AD. They set in motion a plan to xenoform the Earth into a planet of fire, to become their new home. In 79 AD, shortly before the volcanic eruption that was destined to destroy the city, the Tenth Doctor and Donna Noble arrived and foiled the Pyroviles' plan.

Unfortunately, to save the Earth, the Doctor and Donna were forced to trigger the eruption of the volcano, Vesuvius. The eruption completely destroyed the city and killed most of its population of twenty thousand people. Although Donna pleaded with the Doctor to rescue the population, he stated that the event was a crucial and unchangeable event in history, a fixed point in time. However, he agreed to save one family from the destruction.

The eruption was so powerful that it briefly created a time rift, which by echoing back in time granted a number of Pompeii's citizens precognitive powers. (DW: The Fires of Pompeii)

The Seventh Doctor and Melanie Bush arrived in Pompeii on the day before the eruption and tried to escape from the coming eruption. The Doctor's TARDIS was buried in the city. (BFA: The Fires of Vulcan)
 * It would appear the Seventh and Tenth Doctors somehow managed to avoid encountering each other.

Jack Harkness in his rogue days also claimed it was an excellent setting for a time agent con job. (DW: The Empty Child / The Doctor Dances)

After millennia of legend, archaeologists eventually rediscovered the lost city, and humanity remembered its fate. (DW: The Fires of Pompeii)

On the planet Torcaldi, Barbara Wright was reminded of Pompeii when she found the inhabitants of Cantosi frozen in time. (ST: The Ruins of Time)