Great Intelligence

The Great Intelligence was a mysterious entity. Few sources could agree exactly what the Intelligence was. The Second Doctor described it as "a sort of formless, shapeless thing floating about in space like a cloud of mist, only with a mind and will." The Intelligence was capable of possessing deceased bodies, controlling mechanised Robot Yeti, forming fear-dependent snow creatures, and was often prone to choosing individuals to do its bidding from a distance.

Nature
According to certain sources the Great Intelligence was an aspect of Sunyata, (PROSE: Night of the Intelligence) an "inter-dimensional being" that resided within the Void, existing in many realities, but always ending up as the "Great Intelligence" and sharing the same basic attributes, although the Intelligences originated in various ways, including an immortal soul, and various Great Old Ones. (PROSE: Legacies) According to this account, one imprint of the Great Intelligence was the ascended immortal soul which began life as James Lethbridge-Stewart and ended millennia later as Mahasamatman. (PROSE: The Forgotten Son)

According to another account, the Great Intelligence was originally the being known as Yog-Sothoth, from the universe before the Doctor's; (PROSE: Millennial Rites) he and his brethren survived the end of their universe by passing through a parallel universe that ended one second after theirs. Shifting again allowed them to enter the current universe shortly after it began expanding. (PROSE: All-Consuming Fire, Millennial Rites) Another account agreed that the Great Intelligence was a Great Old One; (AUDIO: The Roof of the World) another account stated that the Great Old Ones all lost their physical bodies running from the Fendahl, explaining the Intelligence's disembodied nature and perpetual quest for incarnation. (PROSE: White Darkness)

Yet another account suggested that the Great Intelligence was created when a human boy, Walter Simeon, began speaking to a snowman that, unbeknownst to the boy, had been created from an alien snow-like material which generated a low-level telepathic field. The snowman reflected his most dark beliefs and thoughts, and eventually formed its own consciousness, becoming the "dream [that] outlive[d] the dreamer". After Simeon's memory was erased in an ill-fated attempt to defeat both him and his inhuman creation, the growing Intelligence first displayed the ability to take over other's bodies as it possessed Simeon's mindless husk, and soon after "learned to live as a disembodied consciousness", (TV: The Snowmen) only for another account to suggest these events were not its origin, but instead a later attempt at survival. (PROSE: The Forgotten Son)

After the War, the Superiors sent Chris Cwej to investigate a disturbance on the surface of the devastated planet Nibo. Cwej found that a group of abandoned, deteriorating Time Engines — weapons designed to emanate harmful temporal waves — had generated a swarm of Shadow-Mantises. After fighting his way into the Engines, Cwej realised that their waves had generated a life form, a cosmic fungus which metabolised time. Cwej defeated the entity in a psychic battle, but later worried that a surviving spore retained an imprint of his mind, and might grow into "a great intelligence". (PROSE: ''The Mushroom at the End of the Universe)

Early history
According to one source, the Intelligence was originally Yog-Sothoth, a member, and the military strategist, of a race of beings called the Great Old Ones, who were the equivalent of the Time Lords in a previous universe to the one the Doctor resided. They shunted themselves into a parallel universe to pass into the next universe. Yog-Sothoth discovered it had gained god-like powers and decided to try the various gambits and games it had only played on computers. Over the billennia, it mounted millions of campaigns against inhabited planets. It used the Hisk version of koalas on Hiskith and domestic animals equivalent to dogs on Danos. (PROSE: Millennial Rites)

According to another source, the Intelligence had been exiled from another dimension, and was forced to wander the universe to find a body to possess. (PROSE: Doctor Who and the Web of Fear) Indeed, according to its distorted memories, the Intelligence had been in existence for centuries without a form. It nonetheless sought to collect other minds into its consciousness. (PROSE: The Forgotten Son) Other accounts suggested it was an avatar of Sunyata (PROSE: Night of the Intelligence) or had origins related to the lives of people active in N-Space. (PROSE: The Mushroom at the End of the Universe, The Forgotten Son, TV: The Snowmen)

Born in snow
According to another account, the Great Intelligence was formed when a young Walter Simeon discovered that a snowman he had built began to talk back to him. The "snow" was not actually snow but a flock of predatory, but unintelligent, space crystals which generated a low-level telepathic field, causing it to respond to the thoughts and emotions of those around them. Because of this, the consciousness which spoke back to Simeon and began identifying itself as "the Intelligence" started out as nothing more than Simeon's own dark thoughts reflected back at him. As an adult, Simeon established the Great Intelligence Institute as the snow slowly swarmed to Earth, building a "big globey thing" in which the increasingly intelligent core of the swarm was housed.

In 1892, its presence was sufficient enough to consume mankind. After Simeon's mind and memories were erased from after meeting the Intelligence, the Eleventh Doctor was surprised to see the Intelligence survived. The Doctor discovered that it had learned to survive beyond physical form. Controlling the now-mindless Simeon, it attacked the Doctor, but was stopped in the last minutes of Christmas Eve when the snow changed to "rain", mimicking the form of the tears of Captain Latimer's family after Clara Oswald's death.

The Intelligence did not totally perish, and in fact learned to survive beyond physical form. It continued with the belief that the London Underground was a key strategic weakness in the London metropolitan area. (TV: The Snowmen) Another account of the Intelligence's origins held that these events were not its birth, but instead occurred later in its life after it had lost many memories. (PROSE: The Forgotten Son)

The Yetis
At some point in the 18th century, it possessed the Tibetan lama Padmasambhava while it was travelling the astral plane and forced him to build its Robot Yeti over the next two centuries. (TV: The Abominable Snowmen) According to one account, it was Padmasambhava that called it a "great intelligence", a name it used from that point on. (PROSE: The Forgotten Son)

At the Det-Sen Monastery in 1935, the Second Doctor and Edward Travers, a westerner determined to find the Yeti, intervened with the Intelligence's plans to take the mountain the Monastery stood on, the Lama realising that it would want to cover the world as slime. The Intelligence knew of the Doctor, and described him as "a man of great knowledge and intelligence." They destroyed the pyramids that controlled its Yeti and Padmasambhava's physical body died as the Intelligence melted away. (TV: The Abominable Snowmen)

The London Event
Accounts that claimed the Great Intelligence to be a Great Old One held that the London Event was launched when the being was placed under pressure from the other Old Ones, who themselves embarked on similar campaigns and conquered other planets. The Intelligence was forced to use the Yeti in London, an environment to which they were not well suited. (PROSE: Millennial Rites) By other accounts that foregrounded alternate origins, it believed the London Underground was a good strategic point to launch a new campaign. (TV: The Snowmen)

No matter the case, approximately 40 years after the events at the Det-Sen Monastery, the Yeti re-activated and the Intelligence manifested as webbing. It ensnared the Doctor's TARDIS in space and forced it to land in the London Underground. Reunited with Travers, the Doctor assisted British military in their battles with the Yeti. The Intelligence re-animated and possessed the corpse of Staff Sergeant Arnold, using him to track the Doctor's actions. The Intelligence captured the Doctor and tried to use a conversion headset to take over the Doctor's body. The Doctor attempted to reverse the process, allowing him to absorb the Intelligence and destroy it. When the control spheres that formed the focus of the Intelligence were smashed by Jamie McCrimmon, the Intelligence vanished, (TV: The Web of Fear) powerless but still alive, though blinded in unending darkness. (HOMEVID: Downtime)

In October of that same year, the Intelligence followed Lethbridge-Stewart, Sally Wright, and Owain Vine to New York City, where it attempted to use Yeti and infected rats to turn the population of the city into a vast computer. Aided by Edward Travers and Adrienne Kramer, the three successfully repelled the invasion. (PROSE: Times Squared)

The Intelligence was still around a couple of years later and controlled Norma Vine. It was trapped on Earth because of his link to Toby Kinsella and Travers. It sent Norma around London to find pieces of equipment for a machine. Travers tried to communicate with it and it overtook his mind. It decided to destroy his lab. Kinsella found a door to its base through a temporal tear in Hyde Park. It didn't realise that his thoughts had been broadcast over the TV and Radio. It wanted to control everyone on Earth. Creating the domain for Vine took a lot of its energy. It hoped to call the Doctor to Earth for it to free him. The combined wills of Travers and Kinsella overwrote the connection to Vine and it fled this plane. Still bound to the Earth it vowed to try again. (AUDIO: Time of the Intelligence)

Further exploits
In the 1980s while millions of miles away in deep space, the Intelligence again used the Yeti in Tibet in another attempt at world conquest. Possessing the dead body of Shiro Sugimoto, the Intelligence tried to drain knowledge from Bruce Healy, only to be attacked by the Lama Gampo and the real Tibetan Yeti. It was defeated when Gampo destroyed the power-transfuser, draining the power from the Intelligence's base. (COMIC: Yonder... The Yeti)

The Intelligence — possessing the mind of the now deceased Professor Travers — later contacted the Doctor's former companion Victoria Waterfield and manipulated her into using computers to return to physical existence in 1995, attempting to cover the Earth in web. When the generators to the New World University were destroyed, the main bulk of the Intelligence faded away. (HOMEVID: Downtime)

The Seventh Doctor, Lysandra Aristedes and Sally Morgan encountered the Great Intelligence during their travels in the black TARDIS. (AUDIO: Black and White)

The new millennium
In 1999, Anne Travers, who had been left traumatised by the Intelligence's first attempts to enter the universe, believed millionaire Ashley Chapel would try to use a special program, the Millennium Codex, to summon the Intelligence to Earth. She prepared a counterspell to force it back into its own reality. However, this had destructive effects, including dragging the Intelligence back to Earth and merging it with the benevolent god Saraquazel into a single malevolent being.

It altered reality around London to form the Great Kingdom, a realm partly obeying the laws of the Intelligence's universe, N-Space, and Saraquazel's universe; here, the Doctor's TARDIS was worshipped as "the Lady TARDIS" and the Intelligence was worshipped as "the key and the guardian of the gate," forming the triad of gods with Saraquazel. Anne sacrificed herself to fix reality, but instead of destroying the Intelligence, she banished it. The Intelligence became stranded on the edge of the universe, riding the blue shift outwards into infinity. (PROSE: Millennial Rites)

Losing its memory
According to one account, it was at this time when the Intelligence found itself on Earth in the year 1842 and fell as snow. There it met a boy, who he connected to as the boy became a man. The Intelligence grew stronger, but still felt gaps in its memory covering centuries. It chose the name Great Intelligence, as given to him in Tibet. It continued to use the man's form after his death, lingering for a hundred years in search of minds to use for its own. (PROSE: The Forgotten Son)

Wi-Fi
At some point in the late 20th century, while Rosemary Kizlet was still a young girl, the Great Intelligence began to "whisper in her ear," leading her to eventually found her company. By 2013, the Great Intelligence had influenced Miss Kizlet to establish an organisation based on the 65th floor of the Shard, which used the Wi-Fi and servants nicknamed Spoonheads to capture human minds. The Great Intelligence used the internet as its "web."

Its operation fell apart when the Eleventh Doctor used a captured Spoonhead to trick Miss Kizlet into being trapped in the Wi-Fi after she refused to release the uploaded Clara Oswald, who was under the Doctor's protection. The workers downloaded Clara, Kizlet and others captured in the server, returning them to their bodies.

When UNIT arrived at the Shard, the Great Intelligence ordered Kizlet to restore their employees to their "factory settings", effectively erasing everyone's memories to avoid detection. (TV: The Bells of Saint John)

Targeting the Doctor
After the Siege of Trenzalore in a later averted timeline, (TV: The Time of the Doctor) the Intelligence used the Whisper Men to kidnap Madame Vastra, Strax and Jenny Flint from 1893 to Trenzalore. It spoke through their "conference call" link with Clara and River Song to take the Doctor from 2013 London to Trenzalore.

The Whisper Men brought the Paternoster Gang to the Doctor's tomb on Trenzalore so the Intelligence could have its ultimate revenge by turning all of the Doctor's victories into defeats. It did so by directly entering the Doctor's time stream, which appeared as an open wound in reality inside the tomb. However, this plan was foiled by Clara, who followed the Intelligence through the wound. Just as he was, she was ripped into countless versions of herself throughout history, and saved the Doctor countless times, undoing the damage the Intelligence had done to his timeline. (TV: The Name of the Doctor)

Targeting the Brigadier
After interfering with countless points in the Doctor's timeline, the Intelligence returned to the London Event, where another encounter with Clara, and the Second Doctor's attempt to destroy the younger Intelligence, severely damaged it, forcing the Intelligence to leave the Doctor's timestream. Realising that Clara would be waiting at every turn to defeat it, the weakened Intelligence travelled down the timeline of Alistair Lethbridge-Stewart instead, intending to kill the Doctor's greatest ally. (PROSE: The Forgotten Son)

After one failed attempt, (PROSE: A Funny Turn) the Intelligence arrived in 1937 and found itself drawn instead to Alistair's brother, James, who carried the original soul which would, centuries later, be reincarnated as the being who would become the Great Intelligence. Its curiosity drew itself to join with James, but it then found that it could not remove itself from its own soul. After manipulating James into killing himself, the Intelligence became trapped inside Remington Manor in Cornwall.

Weeks after the original London Event, in 1969, the Intelligence used Owain Vine, another reincarnation of the Intelligence's immortal soul. A final showdown in Remington Manor between the Intelligence and Lethbridge-Stewart saw the Intelligence finally defeated. Despite this appearing to be the final defeat of the being, the last trace of it permeated the ruins of Remington Manor. (PROSE: The Forgotten Son)

Alternate timelines
In an alternative timeline the London Event succeeded, and both Colonel Lethbridge-Stewart and the Doctor were killed in the new timeline. Without them to stand against it, the Intelligence spread its influence throughout Southern England, bringing thousands of minds into its own. The TARDIS, taking on human form, revealed the truth of the Intelligence's being, that it was the imprint of a multi-dimensional being, and a stalemate was called. The Intelligence could never win as long as the TARDIS existed, and the TARDIS could never restore time unless the Intelligence was cast out. Not wishing to continue the stalemate, the Intelligence allowed the TARDIS to cast it out into the void, and time was restored. (PROSE: Legacies)

Parallel universes
On a parallel Earth, the Great Intelligence launched an attack on the Republic of Great Britain. Koschei, here having not become the Master, saved the world from the Intelligence but was then captured, tortured, and pumped for information for years by the Republican Security Forces. (PROSE: The Face of the Enemy)

Personality
The Great Intelligence was arrogant and thought very highly of itself, informing the Doctor that his brain was too small to grasp its purpose. (TV: The Abominable Snowmen) It sometimes spoke in the plural, i.e. referring to itself as "we", although this habit had worn off by the time of the London Event. (TV: The Abominable Snowmen, The Web of Fear, The Snowmen) Without a body, it became obsessed with having physical form, craving symmetry of light, colour, and shape. (TV: The Snowmen) Eventually, it grew tired of living as "a mind without a body" and went into the Doctor's timestream in order to die. (TV: The Name of the Doctor)

Despite once describing revenge as a petty emotion of which it had no need for, (TV: The Web of Fear) the Intelligence took its defeats by the Doctor as unforgivable wounds to its pride and after several encounters with him, it had developed such a burning hatred that it went into his timestream in order to take revenge on him in the most painful way imaginable. (TV: The Name of the Doctor) It was also a malevolent and sadistic being, (TV: The Abominable Snowmen, The Snowmen) and was also extremely callous and self-absorbed, seeing as how it was unfazed by the fact that undoing all of the Doctor's victories would in turn cause the destruction of the universe. (TV: The Name of the Doctor)

It was the unseen but generous Chancellor of New World University, with Victoria as Vice-Chancellor. It designed invasions based on a "Great Plan" it had, having been the military strategist of the Old Ones, and when it thought resistance was useless for humanity, it asked Brigadier Alistair Lethbridge-Stewart which part of its brilliant plan he found most effective. (HOMEVID: Downtime) When horribly bound to Saraquazel, it did not care about him or crave his assistance, thinking it possessed enough power and intellect to find its own escape. The Intelligence, however, did warn Saraquazel of the duplicity of human beings. (PROSE: Millennial Rites)

Rosemary Kizlet believed that the Intelligence loved humanity in the same vein that Burger King loved cattle. The Intelligence was unconcerned about feasting on people's minds to grow stronger, and showed little concern for its servants, reverting them back to their original state of mind, although it did take the time to say goodbye to Kizlet before doing so. (TV: The Bells of Saint John)

Powers
The Great Intelligence had no physical existence and thus relied on possession of living creatures, (TV: The Abominable Snowmen, The Web of Fear) taking on other shapes, (TV: The Name of the Doctor) or manipulating allies in order to manipulate its environment. (TV: The Snowmen, The Bells of Saint John)

Existing on the astral plane, the Intelligence could enter the people it encountered, filling itself in every cell and having control of their every movement. It also increased Padmasambhava's lifespan, and reanimated the dead body of Staff Sergeant Arnold. (TV: The Abominable Snowmen, The Web of Fear) At full strength it could even save a human from fatal illness, or death by extreme age, if only to possess their bodies. (PROSE: Downtime)

In addition, it could possess animals, like rats and ants, by extending its will, as well as inhabiting machinery like computer terminals. It resided in the New World University network while reaching out into the Internet. However, the majority of its consciousness was still trapped in the campus mainframe. (HOMEVID: Downtime) It also inhabited a computer system with a video monitor linked to the firm run by Miss Kizlet in the Shard. The peripheral units linked to this system could edit or absorb the mental traits of users, enabling Kizlet to feed the Intelligence. (TV: The Bells of Saint John)

It could also exert a mental control similar to hypnosis without completely possessing a human, as it had with the monks in Tibet, Victoria Waterfield, Walter Simeon and Miss Kizlet. (TV: The Abominable Snowmen, The Snowmen, The Bells of Saint John) It also had considerable mental powers, namely telekinesis. (TV: The Abominable Snowmen) It was able to make a Eurotrain rear up like a snake and launched missiles, playing with them and engineering near-misses before letting them fall. (PROSE: Downtime) While merged with Saraquazel, it telekinetically constructed robot Yetis from its surroundings to defend itself. (PROSE: Millennial Rites)

When the Paternoster Gang encountered the Intelligence on Trenzalore, it displayed considerable knowledge of the Doctor's past and future, listing people he had killed, as well as names he'd have by the end of his life, including the Valeyard. When Madame Vastra asked how it had come by this information, it merely replied that it was information. (TV: The Name of the Doctor) It also tracked the Second Doctor and followed him through time and space, having built a machine that could drain his mind of knowledge and experience for the Intelligence. (TV: The Web of Fear)

Biology and appearance
""Was it huge with massive claws to crush and maim? A bloated spider-mind filling every cavernous gap with billowing web? Was it a mountain? A bank of mountains looming and rumbling like clouds in another sky or on another continuum?""

- The Intelligence ponders its original form

The Second Doctor thought the best way to describe the Great Intelligence was as a "formless, shapeless thing, floating out in space like a cloud of mist, only with a mind and will." (TV: The Web of Fear) Both Alistair Lethbridge-Stewart and the Eleventh Doctor identified it as a mind parasite, whereas the Intelligence considered itself a mass of thoughts with a single thought. (HOMEVID: Downtime; TV: The Snowmen) It once reflected on whether or not it remembered what its original body was. (PROSE: Downtime)

In all realities, the Intelligence constantly sought physical existence to replace being a shapeless, formless cloud hanging in space, (PROSE: Legacies) eventually adopting Walter Simeon as a recurring avatar, speaking in that guise through a large wall-mounted video screen, (TV: The Bells of Saint John) modelling the Whisper Men on Simeon's appearance, (TV: The Name of the Doctor) and appearing as Simeon to James Lethbridge-Stewart and Colonel Lethbridge-Stewart]]. (PROSE: The Forgotten Son)

When not using a living being, the Intelligence maintained a basic manifestation as a three-sided pyramid composed of control spheres (TV: The Abominable Snowman) or ivory. (HOMEVID: Downtime) When forcibly summoned to Earth by Anne Travers, and being combined with three sets of physical laws in the Great Kingdom, the Intelligence was an emerald tetrahedron and, because of Travers' meddling, was merged with the god Saraquazel. (PROSE: Millennial Rites)

The Eleventh Doctor commented that the Intelligence was a hive mind, (TV: The Bells of Saint John) which accounted for the "mass of thoughts" theory, (HOMEVID: Downtime) while the Intelligence claimed itself as an embodiment of information, and Jenny Flint described it as "a mind without a body". (TV: The Name of the Doctor)

The Great Intelligence possessed some amount of artron energy, (PROSE: Millennial Rites) and could consume the mental energy of humans to grow stronger. (TV: The Bells of Saint John)

In its many attempts to achieve form, the Intelligence tried to manifest as ice people based on the human form, (TV: The Snowmen) and a slime that glowed brightly with a piercing light. (TV: The Abominable Snowmen) It also manifested as a dense fog that consumed anything entering it, and a poisonous fungus which spread through the London Underground. (TV: The Web of Fear) A fourth invasion of Earth had it trying to perpetuate itself in every machine and being, with the whole planet cocooned in web. (PROSE: Downtime)

At the end of its life, the Intelligence had never found substance, but rather used the Whisper Men, who appeared as faceless humanoids dressed just as Walter Simeon was when he died, to manifest in empty bodies. (TV: The Name of the Doctor) The Whisper Men told Clarence DeMarco that they were a manifestation of the Intelligence when they revealed the location of the Doctor's tomb to him. (HOMEVID: Clarence and the Whispermen)

Behind the scenes

 * Yog-Sothoth is the name of a fictional deity created by H. P. Lovecraft, first appearing in The Case of Charles Dexter Ward. It was implied to be one of the most powerful beings in the universe (second to only Azathoth), the key and the gate through which the Old Ones entered the world. Its appearance is often a mass of spheres and it is described as being imprisoned outside of the space-time continuum in a place where it exists at every point in time and space. Although not mentioning the Great Intelligence as such and bearing no mark of having copyright clearance to use the Intelligence, the novel All-Consuming Fire implied that Yog-Sothoth was the Intelligence, as the Doctor mentioned having met Yog-Sothoth "in Tibet and again in London". Millennial Rites, which used the Intelligence in its own right, later made the connection explicit.
 * Whether the Great Intelligence should be referred to as "it" or "he" is perhaps best left to personal preference. Being emphatically inhuman and having not only no body, but no set physical avatar when it does incarnate itself, it is doubtful as to whether the Intelligence can be said to have a fixed gender; it is certainly sexless in a biological sense. The most that can be said is that, through borrowing the face of its progenitor Walter Simeon long after the man's death, the Intelligence as depicted in Series 7 can be said to be male-presenting.
 * Writer Neil Gaiman disclosed in Doctor Who Magazine #448 that earlier drafts of his script for The Doctor's Wife implied that House, the villain of that story, was actually the Great Intelligence. These hints did not make it into the episode as aired. The idea of the Great Intelligence as a villain for the revived series Doctor Who would later lead to The Snowmen.
 * With a gap of 44 years, the Great Intelligence holds the record for longest period of time between televised Doctor Who appearances. However, the longest period of time between Doctor Who appearances of an individual played by the same performer goes to Alpha Centauri, voiced by Ysanne Churchman, with a 43 year gap. However, both of these characters continued to appear in expanded media in the intervening time, so perhaps the honour should instead go to Axos, with thirty nine years between its first two appearances in the franchise.
 * Unusually, unlike other monsters that have appeared in both the classic and revived series, the original creators of the Great Intelligence (Mervyn Haisman and Henry Lincoln) have never been credited at the end of an episode of the revival.

Doctor Who: Legacy
In the story of Doctor Who: Legacy, the Eleventh Doctor and his companions face the Great Intelligence in London in 1892 while travelling back through the timeline.