Rome

Rome was a city in Italy.

It played an important role in Earth history because it was the centre of the Roman Empire, a large empire in early human history. Amongst its main attractions were its seven hills, the Colosseum, the Pantheon and the Circus Maximus. (TV: The Romans, The Fires of Pompeii, The Pandorica Opens) In later times, Rome had an airport named after Leonardo da Vinci. (PROSE: Cultural Firsts)

Barbara Wright described the story of Rome as the tale of a "community of shepherds growing into one of the most powerful empires the world has ever known. And then collapsing." (PROSE: Byzantium!)

Early history
In the 6th century BC, Rome was ruled by kings and known as the Roman Kingdom. This royal line led the kingdom until its final King Tarquin the Proud fell from power and the Roman Senate took control of the city. (PROSE: Combat Magicks)

On 17 December 47 BC, the Seventh Doctor and Ace visited Rome. (PROSE: The Best of Days)

The First Doctor and Susan Foreman once travelled to Rome prior to meeting Ian Chesterton and Barbara Wright. They visited the city broadly around the time of Jesus Christ, and the Doctor found it a "brutal and murderous place." He called it "terrible," replete with "slavery, crime in the streets, everybody stabbing everyone else in the back." He held the same views of Jerusalem and Antioch, two other ancient Earth cities which the two Gallifreyans visited together. (PROSE: Byzantium!)

Later, the First Doctor took Ian Chesterton, Barbara Wright, and Vicki Pallister to Rome in 64, and accidentally inspired the Great Fire of Rome. (TV: The Romans) According to his tenth incarnation, he didn't have much time for sightseeing on that particular visit. He therefore tried to return with Donna Noble, but ended up instead in Pompeii. (TV: The Fires of Pompeii)

In August 79, the Caecilius family moved to Rome after the Tenth Doctor and Donna helped them escape the destruction of Pompeii. (TV: The Fires of Pompeii) The family apparently left behind a record of their escape. In 1923, a British archaeological survey of Rome by Professor Livesy-Smythe turned up a scroll by Caecilius telling of the true fate of Pompeii. This expedition's findings alerted Torchwood Three to the existence of the Pyroviles. (WC: )

According to the Twelfth Doctor, Romans had in-door toilets by the 2nd century. Bisexuality was also common among Romans; they were accepting of heterosexuals and homosexuals. (TV: The Eaters of Light)

The Fourth Doctor and Sarah Jane Smith, when visiting the district of Ostia, discovered that the Bona Dea cult was leaving women blind through their misuse of alien technology. After convincing the cult of their good intentions, the Doctor and Sarah inspired the cult to use the alien machine to instil greater independence in women. (PROSE: Sarah Jane and the Temple of Eyes)

In an alternate timeline, the Pandorica was kept in Rome for many years: first brought there in 120 and taken in raid by the Franks in 420. It came into the possession of the Knights Templar in 1120 and subsequently was given to the Vatican in 1231. (TV: The Big Bang)

In the 410s, Rome was sacked by the Visigoths. (PROSE: Combat Magicks)

Both the Eleventh Doctor and Rory Williams attested to being present at the fall of Rome. (TV: Day of the Moon)

In 1582, the Seventh Doctor and Ace made a stopover in Rome during their search for the Timewyrm. (PROSE: Timewyrm: Revelation)

In 1966, the city was a destination of the villainous Chameleon Tours, where the brother of Samantha Briggs was supposed to go. (TV: The Faceless Ones)

21st century
On 25 December 2006, Rome was one of the many locations affected by the Sycorax's blood control, causing people to stand on the top of the Colosseum, ready to jump. (TV: The Christmas Invasion)

Rome was among the world's major cities where forces of flying Cybermen emerged led by. Taking to the skies, they created a cloud of cyber-pollen above the city. These pollen clouds would then rain upon the graves, recruiting the dead of the Earth into a new Cyberman army. When control of the Cyberman army went to the hands of the recently-converted Danny Pink, he ordered all Cybermen to return to the skies and self-destruct, taking the pollen clouds with them in their combined explosions. (TV: Death in Heaven)

In the mid- to late 21st century, Rome had a T-Mat centre. (TV: The Seeds of Death)

In 2096, Rome was an independent city-state on a destitute Earth. (PROSE: The Indestructible Man)

Behind the scenes
In 2007, Rome's Cinecittà Studios played host to production of the episode The Fires of Pompeii. (CON: The Italian Job) Discounting some minor second unit work done for Daleks in Manhattan, this was the first Doctor Who adventure to be filmed outside the UK since Doctor Who in the 1990s.