Margaret Thatcher

Margaret Thatcher was a Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the 1980s. The Doctor, Roz Forrester and Chris Cwej lived for a short time in a housing estate during her time in power. (NA: Damaged Goods) In both his ninth (DW: Father's Day) and tenth incarnations (DW: Tooth and Claw), the Doctor showed some distaste for her.

Possibly non-canonical account
In one of several possible incarnations (his third, sixth or unknown other regeneration), the Doctor served as an advisor or consultant to her (SP: Doctor Who: The Ultimate Adventure)

Continuity
The reference to a female prime minister in Terror of the Zygons (an ad-lib by Nicholas Courtney, according to the DVD commentary for Frontier in Space) could suggest that in the Doctor Who Universe, either Thatcher was elected PM earlier than in real life, or simply that, as intended by the production team, the UNIT stories took place in the near future. The BBC's Doctor Who Classic Series website, however, claims that the Prime minister was Shirley Williams, with Labour taking over from a collapsing Jeremy Thorpe government. 

Satirical portrayals
Margaret Thatcher inspired some unflattering portrayals in the Whoniverse. The misguided dictator Helen A from DW: The Happiness Patrol is widely supposed to be based upon her, whereas the villainess Rehctaht, the female villain of Turlough and the Earthlink Dilemma, has the name Thatcher, spelled backwards.

A villainess named "Thatchos" (a Cyber-Leader in a wig) appeared in a Doctor Who parody on The Lenny Henry Show''.