The Tenth Planet (TV story)

The Tenth Planet was the second story of Season 4 of Doctor Who, and introduced both the Cybermen and the concept of regeneration. It was the final regular appearance of William Hartnell as the First Doctor, and the first (uncredited) appearance of Patrick Troughton as the Second Doctor.

Synopsis
Many years ago, Earth's twin planet, Mondas, drifted away to the edge of space. Its inhabitants grew weak, so their scientists created spare parts for their bodies. Limbs and organs were slowly replaced by metal and plastic, and emotions were removed. The Cybermen were born.

The Doctor's TARDIS lands at the Snowcap space tracking station at the South Pole in 1986. A routine space mission starts going wrong. When the base personnel's suspicions are raised, the Doctor informs them that the space capsule is being affected by the gravitational pull of another planet - a tenth planet in the solar system.

The loss of a routine space mission and the appearance of that new planet in the sky herald the arrival of the Cybermen who are intent on the destruction of the Earth and the conversion of all humans into Cybermen. Ben and Polly fight to save the world, but it is a battle that may prove too much for the First Doctor.

The Doctor warns that a visit from Mondas' inhabitants is imminent. The Cybermen want Earth's power and resources for themselves. Only the Doctor offers the base any hope against these silver giants. But is this one battle too many for the time traveller?

Episode 1
The TARDIS lands at the South Pole where the 'Snowcap' space tracking station is monitoring the launch of the manned Zeus IV atmospheric testing probe into Earth orbit. The Doctor, Ben and Polly are apprehended just as the Zeus IV space capsule is drawn off-course by an unknown force that is draining the energy of both the ship and the two pilots, Schultz and Williams.

Observing the crisis, the Doctor announces that he believes he knows the cause of the problems. However, General Cutler, the commanding officer of the Snowcap, refuses to take the Doctor seriously. It soon becomes clear though, that the force affecting Zeus IV is what appears to be a new planet which bears an uncanny resemblance to Earth.

The Doctor’s prediction that they will soon receive visitors from the new world comes true when a spacecraft lands outside Snowcap. A detachment of soldiers sent from the base to investigate the TARDIS are attacked and ruthlessly killed by a group of tall, robot-like creatures with blank emotionless faces.

Episode 2
While everyone is distracted by their efforts to land Zeus IV safely, the alien invaders are easily able to take over the base and render General Cutler unconscious. The base personnel and Polly plead with the creatures to allow them to save the lives of the Zeus IV crew, but the aliens proclaim that the lives of the humans are irrelevant to them. They reveal that that they are known as Cybermen and were once like human beings, but gradually replaced their bodies with mechanical parts and eliminated the 'weakness' of emotion from their brains.

The Cybermen allow the Snowcap personnel to make contact with Zeus IV, but it is too late to save them as the ship is dragged further away from Earth by the new planet and explodes.

The Cybermen reveal that the new world is their home planet Mondas and that it is absorbing energy from Earth and will soon destroy it. They propose to take humans back to Mondas and turn them into Cybermen.

Ben, who has been imprisoned in the base’s cinema projection room after attempting to kill a Cyberman, rigs up the projector to blind his Cyberman guard. Ben steals the Cyberman’s weapon and kills him. Sneaking back into the tracking room, he hands the cyberweapon to the revived Cutler, who kills the remaining two Cybermen. Cutler contacts Secretary General Wigner at Space Command HQ in Geneva and is informed that his son, Lieutenant Terry Cutler, has been sent on a mission to rescue the doomed Zeus IV.

As Cutler makes plans to secure Snowcap from further Cyberman invasions, the radar technician announces that a fleet of Cyberman spacecraft have been detected and they are approaching Earth!

Episode 3
Apparently suffering from exhaustion, the Doctor collapses and is taken to the crew quarters to rest. Cutler decides it is time to take the fight to the Cybermen, and contacts Geneva for permission to launch the powerful Z-bomb to destroy Mondas. Secretary Wigner at Geneva refuses permission, but Cutler decides to proceed anyway. Ben and Polly argue against using the bomb, Ben saying that the Doctor believed that Mondas would destroy itself anyway when it absorbs too much energy. The chief scientist at Snowcap, Doctor Barclay, is also concerned, saying that the radiation caused by the exploding planet would cause great loss of life on Earth. Unswayed by the arguments and annoyed by the interruptions, Cutler orders Ben to be imprisoned with the Doctor.

Polly manages to persuade Dr. Barclay to help them stop the bomb being launched. Barclay tells Ben how to sabotage the rocket to prevent it from reaching Mondas, but Cutler notices Barclay's absence, and going to investigate, catches Ben while he is sabotaging the rocket, knocking him unconscious.

A second Cyberman ship lands near Snowcap, but Cutler is prepared for them this time and the attacking Cybermen are repelled by the General's men using the stolen cyberweapons.

Meanwhile, the countdown to the launch of the Z-bomb has started. Ben regains consciousness but is disorientated and is unable to remember if he was able to successfully sabotage the rocket before being discovered by Cutler. The countdown approaches zero.

Episode 4
As the countdown to launch the Z-bomb reaches zero, the engines fail on the launch pad. Cutler, enraged, threatens to kill Ben, Barclay, and the Doctor, who has now regained consciousness and returned to the tracking room. Driven mad with grief by the apparent death of his son in the Zeus V rescue capsule, Cutler is oblivious to the warnings that another force of Cybermen are attacking the base. As he is about to carry out his threat and kill the Doctor, Cutler is killed by the invading Cybermen. The Doctor is taken prisoner by the Cybermen. Earth's proximity to Mondas causes the twin planet's energy to drain, and Mondas begins to break apart. The Cybermen all collapse, their energy source destroyed. Ben rescues Polly and the Doctor. The weary Doctor returns to the TARDIS, and collapses to the floor. Ben and Polly watch as the Doctor's features begin to blur and transform into a younger man...

Cast

 * The Doctor - William Hartnell
 * The Doctor - Patrick Troughton (uncredited; at the end of Episode 4 only)
 * Polly Wright - Anneke Wills
 * Ben Jackson - Michael Craze
 * General Cutler - Robert Beatty
 * Dyson - Dudley Jones
 * Barclay - David Dodimead
 * Schultz - Alan White
 * Williams - Earl Cameron
 * Tito - Shane Shelton
 * American Sergeant - John Brandon
 * Wigner - Steve Plytas
 * Radar Technician - Christopher Matthews
 * Krail &amp; Jarl - Reg Whitehead
 * Talon &amp; Krang - Harry Brooks
 * Shav &amp; Gern - Gregg Palmer
 * Geneva Technician - Ellen Cullen
 * TV Announcer - Glenn Beck
 * Cyberman Voices - Roy Skelton, Peter Hawkins
 * R/T Technician - Christopher Dunham
 * Terry Cutler - Callen Angelo

Crew

 * Assistant Floor Manager - Jenny McArthur
 * Costumes - Sandra Reid
 * Designer - Peter Kindred
 * Make-Up - Gillian James
 * Producer - Innes Lloyd
 * Production Assistant - Edwina Verner
 * Script Editor - Gerry Davis
 * Special Sounds - Brian Hodgson
 * Studio Lighting - Howard King
 * Studio Sound - Adrian Bishop-Laggett
 * Theme Arrangement - Delia Derbyshire
 * Title Music - Ron Grainer

Biology

 * Space Fatigue

Foods and Beverages

 * Polly makes several cups of coffee.

Locations

 * International Space Command is based in Geneva.
 * Jodrell Bank
 * Snowcap

Organisations

 * Space flights are governed by a multinational body known as International Space Command.
 * International Television News

Planets

 * Mondas is Earth's twin planet.
 * An Earth expedition has just returned from the Moon.
 * A Mondas day appears to only be a few Earth seconds (however this may be related to Mondas' propulsion system).


 * Cybermen are what remains of Mondas' inhabitants.

Technology

 * Retinascope
 * Nuclear Z-Bombs can be launched via a Demeter rocket.

Vehicles

 * Zeus IV and Zeus V are rocket-shaped spacecraft.

Story notes

 * This is the first regeneration (though the term is never used until 1974 in Planet of the Spiders) from William Hartnell's Doctor into Patrick Troughton's Doctor.
 * Episode 4 is missing from the BBC archives. Only several short clips of footage exist, among which are the regeneration sequence itself; the sequence exists through being used on a contemporary entertainment news program to discuss the transition to the new Doctor.
 * William Hartnell left Doctor Who due to bad health, but upon leaving had said "If there is one man in England, who can replace me as the Doctor, it's Patrick Troughton!" Troughton took over the role of the Doctor when Hartnell regenerated into Troughton. Hartnell returned in The Three Doctors in 1973 to celebrate the show's 10th anniversary, and died two years later.
 * The Doctor does not appear in Episode 3, as William Hartnell was unwell during the week when it was recorded.
 * Special "computer tape"-style opening and closing title graphics were created for this story by graphic designer Bernard Lodge.
 * This is the only story to give Cybermen characters individual names (Krang, Jarl, etc). After this, Cybermen were only ever named by rank (Cyberleader, Cybercontroller, etc).
 * At the time of the serial's original broadcast, as well as the timeframe of the serial (1986), Pluto was still considered a planet and therefore the story title and dialogue referring to Mondas as the solar system's tenth planet was correct. In 2006, Pluto lost its planetary status, which would make Mondas officially the ninth planet, not the tenth. Note: By the newly-adopted criteria which excludes Pluto, Mondas would technically not be considered a planet either. Also, the later serial DW: The Sun Makers, set in the far future, describes Pluto as a planet and also identifies another tenth planet named Cassius, suggesting that in the Whoniverse another realignment of the solar system's makeup occurs in the future.
 * Some fans don't fully accept the fact that the Doctor died of old age. They speculate that Mondas plundered not only Earth's energy but the Doctor's as well, shrinking his lifespan. Growing weaker with each passing moment, the Doctor eventually met his demise. The story itself does not specify the exact cause of "death".

Ratings

 * Episode 1 - 5.5 million viewers
 * Episode 2 - 6.4 million viewers
 * Episode 3 - 7.6 million viewers
 * Episode 4 - 7.5 million viewers

Myths

 * An attempt was once made to colourise parts of this story. (This was an April Fool's joke in Doctor Who Magazine.)
 * A test regeneration was filmed during production of DW: The Smugglers. (This too was an April Fool's joke in Doctor Who Magazine.)
 * The master copy of Episode 4 was lost in 1973 after being lent out to the BBC's children's magazine programme Blue Peter for use in a feature that they were compiling about the series. (It is unknown how this episode came to be lost; the episode that was lost after being lent out to Blue Peter was The Traitors, the fourth episode of The Daleks' Master Plan.)

Filming locations

 * Ealing Television Film Studios

Production errors

 * The writing credit for Episode 1 has Kit Pedler as "Kitt Pedler" and title music is credited to "Byron Grainer"; for Episode 3, Gerry Davis becomes "Gerry Davies".
 * In BBC Video's reconstruction of Episode 4, William Hartnell is mistakenly credited as "Doctor Who" instead of the usual "Dr. Who".
 * Sometimes the Cybermen start to talk before their mouths open.
 * In Episode 1, when one of the Cybermen is shot his "ears" flap about.
 * The script requires the Cybermen to pass for human in their parkas, an effect ruined by the lamps on their heads.
 * The Cyberman helmets were held together with Sellotape, which can clearly be seen in this episode.
 * When the Cybermen are ambushed outside, one of them has part of his headpiece (one of the "jug handles") come loose.
 * The dialogue between Cutler and the technician at the beginning of Episode 3 is slightly different from that which closed Episode 2.
 * Barclay says that he designed some of the base, and that he couldn't fit into the ventilation shaft, but it is broad enough to accommodate Geoff Capes.
 * In episode 4, Michael Craze commits a Spoonerism, accidentally saying "Plonet Mandos" instead of "Planet Mondas."
 * In Episode 2, while Krail is proposing his plan to take the humans to Mondas (and after the Doctor has shouted his objections), his head-mounted lamp / "third eye" starts reflecting studio lights.

Continuity

 * Mondas' origins prior to this story are explored in BFA: Spare Parts.
 * In 1985, the Cybermen attempted to gain access to time travel so as to prevent the destruction of Mondas from coming to pass. However, their efforts were thwarted by the Sixth Doctor and Peri Brown. (DW: Attack of the Cybermen)
 * The Cybermen had seemingly been monitoring transmissions from Earth in preparation for their planet's approach, as the Mondasian Cybermen native to 1984 were familiar with the Anno Domini Gregorian calendar when a reference was made to that year by a Cyber-Leader from the future. (BFA: The Reaping)
 * The Doctor would later return to Antarctica in the 1970s during his fourth incarnation (DW: The Seeds of Doom) and in the 2020s during his seventh incarnation (BFA: The Word Lord).

Timeline

 * This story occurs after ST: The Three Paths.
 * ST: Mondas Passing occurs during this story.
 * This story occurs before DW: The Power of the Daleks.

Home video and audio releases

 * This was released on VHS video, with a reconstruction of the missing Episode 4.


 * Editing and reconstruction for release was completed by the Doctor Who Restoration Team.
 * A DVD has been announced and is most likely to be released in 2013. It is currently unknown whether it will be an animated reconstruction such as that executed for The Invasion, or some other restoration method.

Novelisation and its audiobook

 * Main article: Doctor Who and the Tenth Planet


 * This serial was novelised as Doctor Who and the Tenth Planet by Gerry Davis in 1986. In the novelisation, the regeneration is treated differently. Instead of having the Doctor collapse in the console room as in the televised story, he regenerates with the help of a device aboard the TARDIS called a sleep compressor. After he and his companions leave Snowcap base, he enters the compressor and emerges as the new Doctor. Also, unlike the televised story, the "new Doctor" asks for a mirror as there are said to be none in the TARDIS.


 * The opening chapter of the novelisation of DW: The Power of the Daleks also adapts part of Episode 4 of The Tenth Planet.