The Masque of Mandragora (TV story)

"Dangerous? My dear Duke, you've got lots of guests to entertain. Of course you must hold a hop.  Sarah will love it."

- the Doctor

The Masque of Mandragora was the first story of the 14th season of the 1963 version of Doctor Who. It was notable for being the first historical story since The Gunfighters not to be principally set in Great Britain.

It also introduced the first radical redesign of the TARDIS control room, and offered the first explanation of how both the Doctor and his companions were able to communicate in languages other than English.

Synopsis
An encounter with the living energy structure known as the Mandragora Helix leads the TARDIS to 15th century Italy. Between palace intrigue, the machinations of a sinister cult and a rogue fragment of Helix energy, the Fourth Doctor and Sarah have their hands full. There is not much time, for when Mandragora swallows the Moon, it will be time to strike.

Plot
The Fourth Doctor shows Sarah some of the other parts of the TARDIS interior, and they come across the older, secondary console room which, unlike the primary room is decorated with wood-panelling and has a more archaic feel. Activating the viewscreen, the Doctor sees a swirl of living energy in the time vortex — the Mandragora Helix — which starts to draw them in. The intelligence within the Helix starts to psychically attack them as the Doctor tries to pilot the TARDIS through it. The ship ends up inside the Helix itself, and the Doctor and Sarah duck behind the TARDIS as a fragment of glowing Helix energy flies by. They escape in the TARDIS, not knowing that the fragment has entered with them.

In 15th century San Martino in Italy, a peasant revolt is violently put down by Count Federico and his men led by Captain Rossini. In a palace, Federico's brother the Duke of San Martino lays dying attended to by his son Giuliano and Giuliano's companion Marco. The Duke's death had been foretold by Hieronymous, the court astrologer, but Giuliano, a man of science, does not believe in such superstition. In fact, Hieronymous is working for Federico, and the horoscope's prediction of the Duke's death was helped along by poison. Hieronymous tells the Count that he feels his powers are growing, but all Federico wants is for the astrologer to foretell Giuliano's death next, and he will take care of the rest.

The TARDIS materialises in a field near San Martino, and when the Doctor and Sarah go out to explore, the energy fragment flies out of the TARDIS, unseen. Sarah wanders off and is kidnapped by a group of men in hooded robes. The Doctor tries to rescue her but is knocked out, and when he awakes he witnesses the energy fragment fly towards and kill a peasant. Searching for Sarah, the Doctor is confronted by the Count's men and arrested.

At the court, the Doctor tries to tell Federico that the energy fragment could spell the end of the world. The Count at first thinks the Doctor is a seer, like Hieronymous, but when the astrologer quizzes the Doctor, it becomes clear that the Doctor does not believe in any of it. Federico orders the Doctor to be executed as a spy. Meanwhile, Sarah is brought before a priest and told that she is the foretold sacrifice to Demnos, the Roman god of moonlight and solstice. She is dressed in a white robe and told that she will be sacrificed when the moon rises over the southern obelisk. Back at the palace courtyard, the Doctor is led to the executioner, forced to his knees for decapitation. Before the executioner's sword lands, the Doctor unfurls his scarf and hooks it around the executioner's ankle, throwing him off balance. The Doctor escapes out of the palace grounds and finds his way into some catacombs beneath the city. The guards, fearing the Brethren of Demnos who reside in those passages, stop their pursuit. Inside, Sarah is laid out on an altar. A purple-robed figure wearing a golden mask is about to stab her with a silver dagger when the Doctor snatches Sarah away, just as the fragment appears in the chamber, suffusing it with a red glow and providing a distraction for the two to escape.

Giuliano examines the body of a guard that was killed earlier by the passage of the fragment, and while he does not know the cause of the guard's death, he dismisses ideas that it was some kind of fire demon. The Doctor and Sarah are found by some palace guards. In the temple, the Helix manifests itself as a pillar of red light and tells the purple-robed figure that he alone will be given undreamed-of powers to carry out its will on Earth and become the planet's supreme ruler. After the Helix vanishes, the figure removes the golden mask, revealing the face of Hieronymous.

The guards bring the Doctor and Sarah, not to Federico, but to Giuliano, who shows him the dead guard's body and tells the Doctor of fears that if Federico rules San Martino, all knowledge and learning will be suppressed. Elsewhere, Federico discovers that Giuliano has invited several nobles to San Martino to celebrate his succession to the Dukedom. Angered, Federico demands Hieronymous make up a new horoscope and poison Giuliano before the next evening.

The Doctor deduces that the Helix chose San Martino because the Brethren provided a ready-made power base. The 15th century was the transition between the Dark Ages and the dawn of the Renaissance — the Helix could gain control of the Earth now through a new religion. The Doctor tells Giuliano the temple must be destroyed. They go to the temple, and the Doctor enters the catacombs alone, but as he enters the main chamber the Helix attacks him psychically. Rossini informs Federico of Giuliano's trip to the temple, and the Count decides to take his guards to the temple to kill his "pagan" nephew. The guards corner Giuliano with their swords. Sarah runs into the catacombs calling for the Doctor, but is caught by the Brethren.

The Helix attack stops, but the Doctor is prevented from venturing further into the temple. He leaves to find Giuliano fighting off the guards and joins in with a sword of his own. Giulianio is wounded, and suddenly, the Brethren emerge from the forest armed with staves and force the guards to retreat. The Doctor and Giuliano go into the catacombs. The priest is eager to sacrifice Sarah, but Hieronymous decides to use her as bait for the Doctor. Hieronymous allowed the Brethren to save Giuliano because the young prince may still have value. Sarah is brought back to the astrologer's chambers, and is drugged and hypnotised to believe the Doctor is an evil sorcerer. Hieronymous gives her a poisoned needle to kill the Doctor.

At the palace, the invited nobles begin to arrive, and Federico realizes he does not have much time to eliminate Giuliano, but Rossini is unable to find Giuliano in San Martino. Hieronymous warns Federico that his life is in danger. Federico scoffs, believing Hieronymous to be a fraud, but is suspicious enough to tell Rossini to banish Hieronymous from the city.

In the catacombs, Giuliano and the Doctor find Sarah, who cannot remember anything after her capture by the cult. They make their way into the palace dungeons through a secret passage. The Doctor goes to confront Hieronymous, whom he has deduced is the leader of the Brethren, in his rooms. Sarah secretly follows, trying to carry out her post-hypnotic orders. When the Doctor speaks to Hieronymous, Sarah sneaks up behind with the needle, but the Doctor manages to snap her out of the trance, just as the guards come for Hieronymous. The astrologer escapes, but the guards capture the Doctor and Sarah as well as Giuliano.



In the dungeons, Federico accuses the prisoners of being followers of Demnos. Rossini rushes in, informing the Count that members of the Brethren are gathering on the streets and moving towards the temple. The Doctor tries to convince Federico that Hieronymous is the real threat. Federico wants to see for himself, and takes the Doctor with him and some guards, leaving the others as hostages. In the temple, Hieronymous summons the Helix, which begins infusing him and his followers with power. Disguised in hoods, the Doctor, Federico and the guards enter and witness the ceremony. Federico steps forward, calls Hieronymous a traitor, and rips off the golden mask, only to reveal glowing energy in the place of a face. Hieronymous raises a finger, and electrical energy stabs out at the Count, reducing him to ashes.

Hieronymous then fires at and kills the two guards as well, but fortunately does not seem to have seen the Doctor. The Doctor joins the circle around the Helix as Hieronymous announces that Mandragora will swallow the Moon the next evening and then the Brethren will strike. The Doctor slips away unnoticed. Back in the palace dungeons, Rossini is about to kill the prisoners when the Doctor arrives and reveals that Federico is dead. With that, the guards change their allegiance to Giuliano, and take Rossini into custody. The Doctor observes that the Brethren are still a danger. He tells Giuliano to fortify the palace in preparation for their attack.

In the meantime, the Brethren are driving people out of the city, killing those who refuse with bolts of fire, isolating the palace. Giuliano wants to cancel the masque that will celebrate his accession, but Marco is confident they can defend the palace against the Brethren, and that to cancel the masque would be a sign of weakness. The Doctor does some astronomical observations and calculates there will be a lunar eclipse that evening — Mandragora swallowing the Moon — and when the Helix takes over, it will remove all sense of purpose from mankind. Right now, however, the Helix energy is spread thinly over all the Brethren, and it could be exhausted. He asks Giuliano for a breastplate and a length of wire. Wearing the breastplate under his coat, if he has guessed right about the nature of Helix energy, he could drain it off.

Hieronymous knows of a secret way into the palace, and he intends to infiltrate his men under cover of the masque. The Doctor makes his way into the temple, and grounds the altar with wire. Hieronymous addresses the Doctor as "Time Lord", and says that Earth has to be possessed; if mankind's ambition is not checked, it will eventually spread into the Galaxy and the powers of Mandragora will not allow a rival within their domain. Hieronymous fires a bolt of energy into the Doctor's chest, knocking him back painfully, but the Doctor survives. More bolts fire into the Doctor, but he continues to egg Hieronymous on. At the masque, the Brethren make their appearance, and the masqueraders run about in panic as they fire into the crowd, killing two. Hieronymous then appears and tells the Brethren to take the others down into the temple for the final sacrifice. The Moon goes into eclipse, and the Brethren place their hands on the altar as a ball of Helix energy descends. However, it consumes the Brethren instead, expanding and then fading away. "Hieronymous" removes his mask — it was the Doctor, imitating the cult leader's voice. The Doctor explains it as a case of "energy squared", putting the Mandragora Helix back where it came from.

The Doctor and Sarah make their goodbyes to Giuliano. Just before they leave in the TARDIS, Doctor tells Sarah that while Giuliano will not have any more trouble with Mandragora, humanity will. The constellation will be in position again in 500 years, at about the end of the 20th century…

Cast

 * The Doctor - Tom Baker
 * Sarah Jane Smith - Elisabeth Sladen
 * Count Federico - John Laurimore
 * Hieronymous - Norman Jones
 * Captain Rossini - Antony Carrick
 * Giuliano - Gareth Armstrong
 * Marco - Tim Piggott-Smith
 * High Priest - Robert James
 * Brother - Brian Ellis
 * Soldier - Pat Gorman
 * Guards - James Appleby, John Clamp
 * Pikemen - Peter Walshe, Jay Neill
 * Titan Voice - Peter Tuddenham
 * Dancers - Peggy Dixon, Jack Edwards, Alistair Fullarton, Michael Reid, Kathy Wolff
 * Entertainer - Stuart Fell

Crew

 * Assistant Floor Manager - Linda Graeme
 * Costumes - James Acheson
 * Designer - Barry Newbury
 * Film Cameraman - John Baker
 * Film Editor - Clare Douglas
 * Incidental Music - Dudley Simpson
 * Make-Up - Jan Harrison
 * Producer - Philip Hinchcliffe
 * Production Assistant - Thea Murray
 * Production Unit Manager - Chris D'Oyly-John
 * Script Editor - Robert Holmes
 * Special Sounds - Dick Mills
 * Studio Lighting - Dennis Channon
 * Studio Sound - Colin Dixon
 * Theme Arrangement - Delia Derbyshire
 * Title Music - Ron Grainer
 * Visual Effects - Ian Scoones

Story Notes

 * This story had working titles of; Catacombs Of Death, Doom Of Destiny, 'Secret Of The Labyrinth, The Curse Of Mandragora.
 * With the start of the new season, the previous police box exterior was replaced, as the old one had deteriorated due to wear and tear. A new serif font is introduced for the episode titles as well.


 * This serial also marks the first appearance of the TARDIS's secondary console room, designed by Barry Newbery, which continued to be used until the end of this season, making its final appearance in The Robots of Death. Depending on the account of information, either the set warped in storage between seasons, thereby becoming unusable, or new producer Graham Williams was not very fond of the wooden set; therefore the original, futuristic interior was restored.

Ratings

 * Part 1 - 8.3 million viewers
 * Part 2 - 9.8 million viewers
 * Part 3 - 9.2 million viewers
 * Part 4 - 10.6 million viewers

Myths

 * Many of the period costumes seen in this story were first used in Franco Zeffirelli's 1968 feature film production of Romeo and Juliet. (They were first used in Renato Castellani's 1954 feature film production of Romeo and Juliet.)

Filming Locations

 * Portmerion, Penrhyndeudraeth, Gwynedd, Wales
 * Portmeirion is best known as the filming location for the classic 1960s TV series, The Prisoner.


 * BBC Television Centre (TC4A, TC3), Shepherd's Bush, London

Discontinuity, Plot Holes, Errors

 * The astrologer has a telescope, and the Doctor doesn't like it very much; "A pity, in another fifty years we could've used Galileo's". Galileo was however one of the first to use a telescope and use it for astronomical observations. The telescope is therefore an anachronism. (Galileo was indeed one of the first known to use a telescope, and the Doctor's line about him confirms that this was not a mere oversight by the writer. It's quite conceivable that others had made telescopes before Galileo without it being recorded in history.)
 * The Doctor concluding that Sarah Jane is under an alien influence simply because she is curious about how she can speak Italian seems a little unjustified. The Doctor senses a disruption in the low-level telepathic field that unites him and Sarah through the TARDIS, allowing him to share his 'Time Lord gift' of understanding every language with her, and her asking that question is merely a final confirmation of his concern.
 * In declaring his "revolutionary" belief in a spherical Earth, Giuliano is actually voicing a well-accepted belief for his time and place. Dante, writing in the previous century (in the Inferno and Purgatorio), had described the Earth as a sphere, and that had been the prevailing theory since Classical times (cf. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_earth).

Continuity

 * Sarah wonders to the Doctor why she can understand Italian. He says that it is a "Time Lord gift" that he allows her to share.  In DW: The End of the World, Rose asks the Ninth Doctor a similar question and he says it is a function of the TARDIS' telepathic field, altering her perception. In The Christmas Invasion, it is revealed that the Doctor is "part of the circuit" of the TARDIS's telepathic translation abilities, and so it does not function while he is in a post-regenerative coma.  DW: Planet of the Dead seems to imply that the Doctor himself does not need the TARDIS for its translational abilities.  This amplifies Masque ' s point that a companion's ability to understand other languages is indeed a gift of the Doctor, and the TARDIS merely offers the technology to express that gift.
 * The Mandragora Helix appears in DWM: The Mark of Mandragora.
 * PDA: The Eleventh Tiger features an energy helix that is strongly implied to be the same one featured in this story.
 * In the second of the Sarah Jane Smith audio series it is revealed that after his encounter with the Doctor and Sarah, Giuliano took charge of the Brotherhood of Demnos and reformed them into a group called the "Orphans of the Future". The consequences of this action come to bear in Dreamland.
 * By the time of DW: City of Death, the Doctor has already met Leonardo da Vinci.

DVD and Video Releases

 * This story was released on VHS in August of 1991.
 * It was released on DVD on 8th February 2010 in Region 2 and on 4th May 2010 in Region 1. The DVD contained a commentary with Tom Baker, Philip Hinchcliffe, Gareth Armstrong and Chris D'Oyly-John.  It also had a making-of featurette entitled, The Secret of the Labyrinth, a history of the TARDIS called Bigger on the Inside, a critique with Clayton Hickman and Gareth Roberts called Beneath the Masque, and a Now and Then featurette on the filming location of Portmerion, Wales.

Novelisation

 * Main article: Doctor Who and the Masque of Mandragora

Novelised as Doctor Who and the Masque of Mandragora by Philip Hinchcliffe in December 1977. A French translation of it was published in 1987.