Sheep

Sheep were quadruped mammals found on Earth and domesticated by humans. They were raised mainly for meat (called mutton) and wool. An immature sheep was called a lamb, as was the meat from such young sheep.

Earth sheep
The Doctor, their companions and acquaintances occasionally encountered sheep from Earth.

At least one sheep actually came to inhabit the TARDIS — however briefly. In 3300 BC, a wounded sheep entered the ship, where it gave birth to its lamb. The Second Doctor left to find the sheep's owner, but when he returned he found the sheep and lamb brutally slaughtered. (PROSE: Loop the Loup)

Some companions had at least some level of knowledge about sheep herding. According to one account, which may have been a dream, Jamie McCrimmon stopped travelling with the Second Doctor to become a shepherd in Yorkshire after Zoe Heriot went into a coma. (PROSE: Dream a Little Dream for Me) Dogs were integral to sheep herding. In fact, Peri Brown once noticed a herd of sheep running down a dog on the island of Dorsill, which made her think that something was amiss on the island. (PROSE: Grave Matter)

The disappearance or death of sheep was often an indicator of much bigger trouble. The Seventh Doctor and Ace initially went to the town around the Graystairs Alzheimer's disease treatment centre to investigate sheep disappearances. (PROSE: Relative Dementias) On another occasion, in the Welsh village of Llanfer Ceiriog, they saw a sheep being taken by a wolf. (PROSE: Cat's Cradle: Witch Mark) In 1936, Harry Sullivan was falsely accused of being a werewolf who attacked an English village's sheep population. (PROSE: Wolfsbane)

During his time in the Death Zone, tricked several Cybermen to their deaths when they walked through one of the obstacles in the Tower of Rassilon. When Tegan Jovanka felt this was ruthless even by his standards, he compared it to when humans drove sheep across minefields during wartime. (TV: The Five Doctors)

During the 1980s, Tegan's father William Jovanka owned a sheep farm near Brisbane, Australia. (AUDIO: The Butcher of Brisbane)

At some point, Mohandas ate sheep. As a result, after merging with the biosphere of Dust, I.M. Foreman was able to create sheep to populate it, among other species. When Foreman's consciousness left Magdelana Bishop to allow her to converse with the Eighth Doctor one last time, she housed herself in a nearby sheep. After she returned to Magdelana's body, Foreman reflected that she was very quickly starting to forget "how it felt to walk on four legs, and to have no concept of ‘guilt’ whatsoever". (PROSE: Interference - Book Two)

In the 21st century, Ianto Jones and Jack Harkness encountered a dead sheep close to the village of Monknash. It was remarkable because although it had been dead for some time, it was completely devoid of insects. Indeed, it was perfectly undisturbed by any scavengers. Having broken free of the normal cycle of death and decay, the sheep was a clear sign of problems yet to be uncovered in Wales. (AUDIO: The Sin Eaters)

In 2018, the Thirteenth Doctor and her companions encountered a sheep in Norway. (TV: It Takes You Away)

In 2050, K9 Mark 2 briefly saw a sheep in the dream he shared with Alistair Gryffen. (TV: Dream-Eaters)

In 2211, the Woolly Rebellion occurred, which led to "a renegotiation of the sheep-human relationship"". (TV: It Takes You Away)

Biology
Sheep were herbivores. They had different teeth. They had incisors, which were used for cutting up food. Their molars were used for grinding up food which the sheep used for chewing grass. Their pre-molars were also used for chewing food. Sheep ate vegetables. (WC: Teeth and Eating)

By-products
Sheep were raised in part for their meat. Londoners were definitely known to eat mutton as early as 1814, when Vicki Pallister ran across a mutton vendor in the streets. (AUDIO: Frostfire)

Various religions sacrificed lambs to their gods. Rose Tyler and the Tenth Doctor once witnessed the Roman Ursus offering a lamb to the goddess Minerva, as well as Minerva's reception of the blood of the lamb. (PROSE: The Stone Rose)

Occultists believed that the entrails of sheep might have prophetic power. When the Third Doctor failed to understand the importance to UNIT of finding, the Brig quipped that the Doctor might wish to take his time reading sheep entrails before focusing on the important matters at hand. (TV: The Time Monster)

Areas of farms dedicated to collecting sheep waste were called sheep dips. Distracted by discussions he was having with Rory, the Eleventh Doctor twice landed in a sheep dip that was close to where the TARDIS had landed. (PROSE: The Glamour Chase)

Extinction
According to one account, sheep became extinct around 2106 after the Ozone Purge, though records of their existence survived. (PROSE: Lucifer Rising) However, this extinction was likely reversed on Earth or did not happen, since sheep were known to have survived in human colonies off Earth. (TV: Planet of the Spiders)

Extra-terrestrial sheep
The colonists to Metebelis III brought sheep with them. The sheep survived the crash of the colonists' ship, and later became a food source for the colonists and the Eight Legs, though the Eight Legs preferred human meat. (TV: Planet of the Spiders) In the far future on Kirith, the Panjistri kept sheep on Kandasi Island as their main source of food. (PROSE: Timewyrm: Apocalypse)

Behind the scenes

 * In the dream world in Dream-Eaters, K9 encounters a sheep, which his scanner verifies as being "electric". This is a nod towards the novel.
 * The reference to Jamie becoming a sheep farmer in Yorkshire in Dream a Little Dream for Me is a metatextual reference to Frazer Hines' long-running stint on.