Inferno universe

Accessed via a power accident at the Inferno Project, the Third Doctor discovered a parallel universe, which the Sixth Doctor referred to as the Inferno universe, (PROSE: The Quantum Archangel) where Great Britain was a republic governed by a fascist regime.

Although some details were known about the history of this world, the Third Doctor personally experienced it only in the environs of its version of the Inferno Project.

The Third Doctor described it as a "parallel space-time continuum" (TV: Inferno) whereas the Seventh Doctor called it an alternate timeline. (PROSE: Timewyrm: Revelation)

Creation
The Sixth Doctor believed the Inferno universe had only diverged from the primary reality about fifty years before he entered it in the 1970s, (PROSE: The Quantum Archangel) although no incarnation of the Doctor was present when Marianne Kyle confirmed that the first known divergence was in the 19th century. When his conversation with his third incarnation's persona revealed the identity of the British President, the Seventh Doctor wondered if the Timewyrm had any part in creating this timeline as part of her efforts to weaken him. (PROSE: Timewyrm: Revelation) Another account speculated that the Inferno universe was the original timeline and the prime universe was a divergent timeline created by the Great Intelligence. (PROSE: Night of the Intelligence)

19th century
The Confederate States of America won the American Civil War during the 1860s. In the war's aftermath, the American Confederation was established. (PROSE: The Face of the Enemy)

Early 20th century
In 1921, the Russian Civil War ended with the defeat of the Bolsheviks. (PROSE: I, Alastair) Joseph Stalin did not join the Bolsheviks in this universe and later become the Prime Minister of monarchist White Russia. (PROSE: The Face of the Enemy) By the 1950s few Bolsheviks were still alive (PROSE: The Schizoid Earth) and communism had lost all credibility as a political ideology. One theory was that the defeat of communism left no strong left-wing bulwark, allowing for greater conservatism and militarism on the European continent. Britain would remain more liberal until the Great Depression undermined the mainstream parties. (PROSE: I, Alastair)

Professor Edward Travers was believed to have died in Tibet in 1935, before ever seeing the Yeti. John Mackay survived the trip and later worked for the British Army. The Travers from a third reality took the place of this universe's native Travers when he arrived on the Inferno Earth in 1959 (PROSE: The Schizoid Earth) and was working for the Vault by 1968. (PROSE: I, Alastair)

In 1932 Oswald Mosley formed a political party initially known as British Union of Fascists (British Union for short), but was soon simply referred to as "the Party" as the old parties lost their credibility in the eyes of the public. The Party denounced mainstream politicians of left and right as responsible for the hardships ordinary people faced. The Party did not fit into the existing political spectrum as it simultaneously embodied leftist and rightist ideals to the extent that opponents believed the Party had no real ideology besides the desire to take and wield power. The eventual Leader of Britain first emerged in the 1930s and became an associate of Mosley, the two were often seen together at Party social gatherings at the Revolutionary Arms pub in Westminster. Mosley was assassinated in 1936 and the Leader seized control of the Party, spearheading the fascist revolutionary movement throughout Europe. (PROSE: I, Alastair) By one account, the Leader was this universe's version of the Third Doctor. (PROSE: Timewyrm: Revelation)

The Second World War never happened since Adolf Hitler was assassinated during a military coup by the Wehrmacht in 1938. (PROSE: The Face of the Enemy)

The Party took violent control of Britain in 1943, with the start of the revolution heralded by the burning of the Houses of Parliament. The Party executed and imprisoned many of the old political and cultural figures, purging the civil service, the church and the academic institutions in order to ensure the old order could never return, replacing them with loyal Party members. The Royal Family were executed after being implicated in Mosley's assassination. (PROSE: I, Alastair) Brigade Leader Alastair Lethbridge-Stewart spoke of their deaths with relish. (TV: Inferno) Two of the legal instruments supporting the regime were the People's Court and the Defence of the Republic Act, introduced into British Law before the end of the year. The People's Court was tasked with publicly convicting "enemies of the people" and sentencing them to death or imprisonment with hard labour. (PROSE: I, Alastair) The Defence of the Republic Act gave full authority to Auxpol and the armed forces to try civilians suspected of espionage, sabotage, and treason by court martial. (TV: Inferno)

In the wake of the revolution Britain never decolonised, retaining her territories in Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean, although Australia broke ranks and did not march to the Empire's new fascist tune. Australia became a safe-haven for enemies of the regime from all parts of the Empire, such as the comic strip artist Swifty G Singh whose works were subsequently banned as seditious. (PROSE: Still Lives)

1943 onwards
The Party deported all non-white people from Britain and forced them to work on plantations and in mines in the Caribbean and Africa, reputedly in very poor conditions with a high death toll. Jewish people had to be careful not to incur the government's wrath to avoid deportation, and either avoided politics and the public sphere entirely or, like Rachel Jensen, married gentiles and did not raise their children in the faith. Foreign music such as jazz was banned as "decadent" and imports of foreign goods such as European alcohol, cigarettes and automobiles and Japanese electronics were prohibited, ostensibly to protect domestic industry from unfair competition but also to garner higher profits from the Party's shares in domestic companies. These illicit products were widely available on the black market, enjoyed even by government employees in private and at secret clubs.

In the 1960s the Party instituted a policy they called "Female Emancipation", most restrictions on the liberty of women at home and in the workplace were abolished. (PROSE: I, Alastair) By the 1970s sexism had largely disappeared from most walks of life, including the scientific community and the military. Dr. Williams had an active role in the Inferno Project as a scientist rather than merely acting as secretary to Professor Stahlmann and she often used her authority to punish Greg Sutton for making sexist remarks toward her. (TV: Inferno) Marianne Kyle was occasionally frustrated by the more conservative attitude to women in the Doctor's world, as it meant she could not easily infiltrate the higher ranks of the Royal Navy. (PROSE: The Face of the Enemy)

Linguistic and cultural differences between the Prime Universe and this universe were obvious by the 1950s. American idioms and expressions which has become commonplace in British English in N-Space were not commonly used. Marianne Kyle remarked that "by the book" was a phrase "our American cousins" would say. (PROSE: The Schizoid Earth)

Rock and roll and country music became popular in Britain, a concert given by Elvis Presley on BBC Television in 1959 was promoted with a full page image of Elvis' face on the cover of the Radio Times. (PROSE: The Schizoid Earth) However, amateur musicians and dancers would typically perform more traditional forms of music and dance such as the waltz. (PROSE: The Face of the Enemy)

Spoken English remained mutually intelligible, but the standard dialect had shifted away from received pronunciation, which was reviled by the Party. (PROSE: I, Alastair) The standard form of English used by the government was an unusual hybrid that had noticeable similarities to South African English. Speakers could easily switch between the standard form and their native dialect at will, often to emphasise whether they were speaking in a professional or personal capacity. Elizabeth Shaw notably sank into her native northern accent when trying to convince the Doctor to confess to a lesser charge than espionage to save him from the death penalty. (TV: Inferno)

The works of were taught in the Republic's schools. The works of Karl Marx were studied from the perspective that they were wrong in order to condition students against any sympathy for Marxist philosophy. (PROSE: Falls the Shadow)

In the 1960s the two main instruments of state control were the Directorate of Internal Affairs and the Directorate of External Security, as the regime was suspicious of the regular armed forces and preferred to keep them occupied with security work and training overseas. Internal Affairs could impose local or national curfews through its Auxpol Militia, who outranked the regular police and answered directly to Paula Hipwood, the Director of Internal Affairs. Military intelligence and secret policing was overseen by the Republican Security Forces (PROSE: I, Alastair) under the control of the the Director of External Security, Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart. (PROSE: The Schizoid Earth) ExSec and Internal Affairs had overlapping jurisdictions, resulting in much grievance between the two. Internal Affairs also ran the Vault. (PROSE: I, Alastair)

The Republic of Great Britain and White Russia divided Europe between themselves. Meanwhile in Asia, the Japanese successfully built their Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere (PROSE: The Face of the Enemy) though by 1959, "the Chinese" were used interchangeably with the Co-Prosperity Sphere, seemingly having become the dominant power in the bloc. (PROSE: The Schizoid Earth)

In the 1950s, British military forces had established bases in Germany and exchanged military technology with Russia. The government was increasingly authoritarian and paranoid about espionage, even from their tentative allies of America and Russia. (PROSE: The Schizoid Earth) This world's James Lethbridge-Stewart would later suggest that it was the lack of a Second World War against Nazi Germany that had caused this: the British people had no recent warning of what could happen if they started giving up their freedoms and had no need or desire to fight for them. (PROSE: Night of the Intelligence)

In 1959 the Inferno Earth's atmosphere was less contaminated by radiation than that of 1969 N-Space Earth, there seemingly having been far fewer nuclear weapons tests. The stockpiling of nuclear warheads does not appear to have been a high priority. However, unlike on the Doctor's Earth, biological and chemical agents were still considered perfectly legitimate means of waging war. (PROSE: The Schizoid Earth)

The Republic was surprised when the Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart of the regular Earth's 1969 accidentally ended up in their 1959. They suspected him of being a spy - mistaken his drugged references to the Korean War as a sign he was working for the Co-Prosperity Sphere - and interrogated him for four months. By the time he'd left, they'd become aware of a third alternate Earth using their world as a staging ground to send warnings through time and the Republican Security Forces was proposed to deal with scientific threats. (PROSE: The Schizoid Earth)

Shortly after its founding, the RSF fought the Bannermen in Wales, where they captured the Bannermen spacecraft and reverse-engineered the alien technology. (PROSE: The Face of the Enemy) Elizabeth Shaw chose to join the Army instead of pursuing a scientific career after she left university and the regime's ideology nurtured the sadistic and cruel side of John Benton's personality. (TV: Inferno) In cities like London, barrage balloons marked with the stylised Broad Arrow emblem of the government loomed overhead to deter would-be terrorists from attacking strategic sites with aircraft. (PROSE: I, Alastair)

In 1966, a nuclear explosion — officially regarded as an act of sabotage, but possibly an accident — at the Windscale nuclear facility severely contaminated the Cumbrian countryside, killing the entire population of the village of Seascale. This led to a ban on the construction of new nuclear power stations in Britain. (PROSE: I, Alastair) The Nuton Power Complex was permitted to remain operational due to the energy crisis. (PROSE: Still Lives)

France was previously a thorn in the side for Britain's control over Western Europe, in particular the 1789 Resistance movement. The French government became more subservient to the unequal alliance after the British aided the Algiers Putsch in 1961, assassinating Charles de Gaulle in the process, to protect Algeria's status as a province of France. (PROSE: I, Alastair)

The Resistance in Britain destroyed Nelson's Column in a bomb attack in 1962, most of the group's ringleaders were caught and publicly hanged in Trafalgar Square. (PROSE: I, Alastair)

In the late 1960s, there was a colonial uprising in Aden that was put down by the RSF. Irish nationalist terrorists remained active, but when caught were swiftly executed as a warning to other would-be guerrillas. A group of Irish nationalists referred to as the "Cumbria Six" were held responsible for the explosion at Windscale, although it is unknown to what extent they were culpable as opponents of the regime suggested the explosion may have been accidental. All six were executed in a televised public hanging. The footage was retained in the BBC's videotape archives and was occasionally rebroadcast during news reports about other politically-motivated crimes to instil fear in opponents of the regime. (PROSE: I, Alastair)

In the late 1960s, the Republic's economy grew far larger than its electricity supply and mining industry could support. Scheduled power cuts, coal rationing, and longer shifts at coal mines were instituted to try to solve the energy crisis. However these proved deeply unpopular with a public which had accepted the Party's regime as a reasonable price to pay for a high standard of living, resulting in rioting in many major cities over shortages of domestic coal for household heating and even strikes at coal mines, all of which were violently quelled. In need of a more permanent solution than shooting disgruntled coal miners, the government granted official approval to Eric Stahlmann's Inferno Project, then under early development at the Eastchester scientific labour camp. (PROSE: I, Alastair)

The Great Intelligence launched an attack on Britain in this universe as well. Koschei, here having not become the Master, saved the world from the Intelligence, but his TARDIS was irreparably damaged. Koschei was then captured, tortured, and pumped for information for years by the Security Directorate. (PROSE: The Face of the Enemy)

The Resistance was still active, though greatly depleted, in late 1968 and formed an alliance with shapeshifting aliens. In an attempt to undermine the Party's image, the Revolutionary Arms was destroyed in a terrorist bombing, followed the day after by a dozen simultaneous explosions across London killing thousands of civilians. General disorder broke out throughout the country, some of it spontaneous but much of it directed by Resistance agents, one riot in Gateshead was put down with a mass shooting of rioters by Auxpol, while the aliens infiltrated the Party by duplicating a Cabinet minister. During an alien attack on Downing Street that wiped out most of the Cabinet, Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart opportunistically caused the death of the Leader and usurped power himself - inadvertently helping the Resistance, who wanted an inauguration of a new leader at the New People's Parliament that they could attack. This was violently prevented by the RSF, seemingly annihilating the Resistance organisation for good. (PROSE: I, Alastair)

After taking power, President Lethbridge-Stewart even resorted to forcibly drugging the young people who had joined a state youth organisation called the Republic Youth Army in order to impose his will on them. James Lethbridge-Stewart was alienated by his father's thirst for power and used Axos material to get himself and his family out of this reality. (PROSE: Night of the Intelligence)

Under Lethbridge-Stewart's presidency Internal Affairs lost control of Auxpol, which was integrated into a general security directorate known as Republican Security Intelligence, (PROSE: Falls the Shadow) with both domestic and international jurisdiction. In conversation with Barbara Wright Company Leader George Boucher stated that he was part of the Republican Security Police, implying Auxpol had been renamed. (PROSE: The Face of the Enemy)

Despite having caused his death, President Lethbridge-Stewart's regime claimed the Leader's legacy for propaganda purposes, retaining his portrait in government buildings and continuing to issue posters emblazoned with his face. (TV: Inferno)

In the 1970s, the world was effectively ruled by the Conclave, a parallel of the United Nations Security Council, made up of the leaders of the main continents. Great Britain represented Europe and Africa, the Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere represented Asia, and the American Confederation represented the Americas. India and Russia, considered junior partners, also had representatives. (PROSE: The Face of the Enemy) A parallel of UNIT was known as the European Axis Military Corps. (PROSE: Still Lives)

In 1974, after six years of work Eric Stahlmann was in the final stages of drilling at the Inferno Project. Australian mining engineer Greg Sutton was a political prisoner in Britain, forced to assist at Stahlmann's project. (TV: Inferno)

Shortly after the Third Doctor's unplanned arrival in this universe, an accident at Stahlmann's project devastated the entire surface of the planet within thirty-nine hours. (TV: Inferno) The only survivors were those in bunkers (such as the Vault), space stations, and on the Moon. President Lethbridge-Stewart was killed when the fallout from the disaster at Eastchester destroyed London. (PROSE: The Face of the Enemy)

While the Doctor and Jo Grant were visiting Peladon, the surviving leaders of this Earth started to cross over to the Doctor's world. They planned to kill and replace their counterparts, but UNIT — who were reluctantly working with — thwarted the plot. The Master allowed Marianne Kyle to escape, hoping she would cause trouble for the Doctor some day. (PROSE: The Face of the Enemy)

Behind the scenes

 * The world is never actually referred to as "Inferno Earth" in any known DWU story, though the phrase "the Inferno universe" occurs once in The Quantum Archangel. However "Inferno Earth" serves as a useful shorthand. It's a logical in-universe term, since the Doctor accessed that particular Earth at the Inferno Project — something the novelisation tells us is colloquially known as "the Inferno".
 * While spin-off media would greatly flesh this world out, there is no explanation given in Inferno for why the world is different. The Target novelisation has the Doctor hypothesising that Britain had stayed out of the Second World War, leaving Hitler dominant in Europe, followed by an eventual fascist revolution within Britain itself.
 * The name Eastchester is only used once in Inferno, in a scene cut from the original UK transmission of episode five but retained for overseas screening and the 1994 BBC Video release.
 * The Inferno Earth's history draws influence from many real-world sources to craft a believable and nuanced alternate history avoiding a stark black-and-white moral outlook:
 * The Party's progressive stance on women's rights is inspired by the major role played by women in British fascist movements of the 1920s and 1930s in the real-world, indeed the very first British fascist organisation was established by a woman,.
 * The unusual "triple arrow" emblem seen in Inferno is an ersatz stand-in for the, a real-world symbol used to denote government property. The actual broad arrow mark is highly protected by Crown copyright and cannot be reproduced without official government approval and the set and costume designers likely did not consider it worthwhile to seek approval in writing. Due to similar copyright concerns the , the symbol of Oswald Mosley's pre- and post-war movements was also not used on-screen, although on the cover of The Schizoid Earth a uniform is depicted with the same lightning bolt embossed buttons that BUF uniforms had.
 * Adolf Hitler was assassinated in 1938 on the Inferno Earth. This is a reference to the real-world.
 * The assassination of Oswald Mosley in 1936 became the catalyst for revolution in Britain, radicalising public sentiment against the establishment. In the real-world there was reportedly an attempt on Mosley's life in that year.
 * Alastair Lethbridge-Stewart's involvement in the suppression of an insurgency in alludes to the real-world . Particularly the role of lieutenant colonel, one of the real-life inspirations for the character of Lethbridge-Stewart.
 * The sentiment of the unknown author of the suppressed memoir used to exposit on the Inferno Earth's history that Soviet communism could have been a "bulwark" against fascism is deliberately reminiscent of the sentiments of some real-world authors who felt National Socialist Germany could have been a "bulwark" against communism; demonstrating that the notion of entertaining either regime is an indefensible position.
 * At the behest of the Republic, western Europe have aligned their clocks with Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), drive on the left-hand side of the road, and use imperial units. (PROSE: The Schizoid Earth) Alluding to Napoleon's spread of metric units, decimal currency, and right-hand traffic throughout the territories he conquered.