Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics was a science known to Gallifreyans, Daleks and Humans.

The Rani revealed it was the special subject of the Doctor when he was at university. C. P. Snow expounded about it. (TV: Time and the Rani)

First law
According to the Daleks, the first law was:

"When heat is transformed into any other kind of energy or viceversa, the total quantity of energy remains invariable. That is to say, the quantity of heat which disappears is equivalent to the quantity of other kind of energy produced." (TV: The Power of the Daleks)

Second law
According to the Fourth Doctor, the essence of this law was "the more you put things together, the more they keep falling apart" and was related to the increase of entropy. (TV: Logopolis)

On Traken, during the efforts of the Master to become the Keeper of Traken, the second law and entropy dawned on the Fourth Doctor. (TV: The Keeper of Traken)

The Seventh Doctor claimed this law to have been broken by using a wrong heat conducting material in a machinery of the Rani, on Lakertya. (TV: Time and the Rani)

Third law
The Chronovores served as the Third Law of Thermodynamics incarnate. (PROSE: Timewyrm: Genesys)