Earth

Earth is the Doctor's favorite planet, located in the Sol system in Mutter's Spiral. Most of the Doctor's companions have been natives of this planet.

Location
Third planet in the Sol system, 1 AU from the Sun, approximately 27,700 light-years from the center of Mutter's Spiral. (Shifted two light years from this position by the Time Lords and renamed Ravolox circa 2,000,000 CE.)

Name(s)
There are hundreds of other names for the planet in hundreds of languages, including:


 * Earth - The name derives from Old English word eorthe.
 * Terra - (Latin: terra mater - Mother Earth)
 * Tellus - In Roman mythology, the goddess of the Earth was Tellus - the fertile soil.
 * Sol III - third planet in the Sol System.
 * Ravolox - Name after the planet's relocation by the Time Lords.
 * Mondas - An ancient name for Earth which is also the name of the Cybermen's original home world, Earth's long-lost sister planet. ("The Tenth Planet")
 * New Mondas - Name the Cybermen planned to confer on Earth after colonizing it and cyberizing its inhabitants. ("Silver Nemesis")
 * Anthykhon- Name by which the Chaarl knew Earth during their occupation of the planet in the distant future ("Birthright").

It is not known by what name the Silurians and Sea Devils, or the saurian race which preceded them, called this planet.

Moon(s)
Earth has one single moon, usually referred to simply as the Moon, a rogue planet which entered the Sol system and was captured in Earth's gravitational field millions of years ago ("Doctor Who and the Silurians").

Sentient native species

 * Haemovores


 * Humans


 * Sea Devils


 * Silurians

Historical
Earth formed billions of years of ago, around the same time as the first conflict between the Hoothi and the Time Lords ("Love and War"). About 3 billion years ago, the consciousness of the Sou(ou)shi settled on Earth and became dormant, reawakening in the year 1968 CE ("Venusian Lullaby," "Nightshade"). Life developed fairly late in the planet's history, 400 million years ago, the process triggered by the anti-matter explosion of the last Jagaroth battle cruiser as it entered warp drive prematurely during take-off from the planet surface ("City of Death").

Various species of saurian dominated the planet until circa 65 million BCE, when a freighter from the 26th century CE time-warped to this period and exploded in the upper atmosphere ("Earthshock"). A few survived, evolving into the races later known as Silurians and Sea Devils. Another saurian race, of unknown name, predated these reptilian races by about 100,000 years ("All-Consuming Fire"). The Reign of the Reptiles came to a final end when the rogue planet which later became the Moon entered Earth's orbit, creating climatic changes which forced the reptile races into underground hibernation. Apes regarded by the reptiles as pests eventually evolved into the species known as human, given a substantial jolt forward when the Fendhal Core arrived on Earth circa 12 million BCE ("Image of the Fendhal").

Human civilization evolved quickly, assisted by the Daemons, the various temporal fragments of Scaroth, and the predatory nature imparted to humans by the Fendhal. This predatory and aggressive nature was evident in the many conflicts which humans fought amongst themselves throughout much of their early history, such as during the seige of Troy, the Dark Ages, or the American War for Independence ("The Mark of the Rani"). It was also exploited by the War Lords, who kidnapped human soldiers from various conflicts in Earth history for use in their war games ("The War Games").

Earth had been visited by aliens many times throughout its history, but the launching of space probes by humans beginnning in the late 20th century made such visits more frequent, as homo sapiens began drawing attention to themselves. These visits also tended to be more openly hostile, and Earth was saved from conquest or outright annihilation often only through the intercession of the Doctor. Such invasions also led to the formation of UNIT, whose functions in time culminated in the first conquest by Earth of an alien world, Mars, in 2086 ("Transit").

Earth developed methods of FTL travel in the late 21rst century and began colonizing nearby star systems soon after. The Dalek invasion in the late 22nd century proved devastating to Earth, with New York and many other cities destroyed and entire regions of Africa and South America depopulated. The expulsion of the Dalek force from Earth and the victorious Battle of Cassius saw the planet reborn. Humans reclaimed their old colonies and in time an Earth Empire emerged which dominated most of Mutter's Spiral for over 500 years. This empire at times came into conflict with other space powers, particularly the Draconians, and often employed oppressive and disenfranchising policies on numerous alien races, most notably on Delta Magna and Solos. Unrest among these races and instabilities in the Empire's political and economic structure eventually led to the dissolution of the Empire, which in time gave way to the Federation, headquartered on Io ("Legacy"). In time the Federation came under the control of Mavic Chen and his descendants, who eventually transformed the once democratic organization into a new version of the old Earth Empire ("The Crystal Bucephalus").

Earth in its later history was abandoned numerous times by its human inhabitants, first when solar flares bombarded the planet, leaving Earth uninhabited for 10,000 years ("The Ark in Space"). Although surviving humans who had slept aboard the Nerva beacon recolonized the planet, ''it was later occupied by the Chaarl, who renamed the world Anthykhon. Humans, referred to as "Hairies," managed to adapt to the depleted atmosphere and soil caused by the Chaarls' industrial activities. The Chaarl occupation lasted some 3497 years'' ("Birthright"). Some time after, Earth was visited by the Usurians, who relocated the dying human population first to Mars and then Pluto. Generations later, humans had thrown off the yoke of Usurian exploitation, and returned to Earth ("The Sunmakers").

About 2,000,000 CE, Earth was relocated two light-years from its proper position in the galaxy by the Time Lords to prevent the escape by aliens from Andromeda who had stolen information from the Matrix on Gallifrey. Most of the human race remaining on Earth were wiped out, and those that survived degenerated to a primitive, tribal culture. The planet came to be known as Ravolox, with Earth being completely forgotten ("The Mysterious Planet"). The inhabitants of Ravolox eventually came to know of the true nature and history of their planet, and to rebuild their civilization.

Eventually, humans rediscovered space travel, and humans abandoned their planet for the last time,fleeing to worlds like Refusis II and Frontios("The Ark," " Frontios"), when the Sun threatened to swallow the Earth in the 57th segment of time, a period oiginally estimated to be around the year 10,000,000 CE, but now known to be closer to 5 billion CE. Up to that time, the National Trust had been using gravity satellites to hold back the expanding Sun. However, funds for the preservation of Earth had run out, and the gravity satellites were allowed to run down, so that the Sun finally achieved its long-delayed red giant stage and the Earth exploded into rubble, an event witnessed by select members of the great and the good (i.e., the rich) of the galaxy ("The End Of The World"). By then, humanity had spread throughout and beyond the Local Group, touching every star in the sky.

Political
Until well into the third millenium CE, Earth was divided into myriad nation-states of varying size, population, tactical strength, and socio-political, economic, and religious ideologies, all at any given time allied to or warring with each other. The first moves towards planetary union actually came in the form of military conquest and annexation of nations by leaders such as Alexander the Great and Julius Caesar, with the Old Roman Empire, the Han Empire of China, and the Great Khanates of the Mongols being among the earliest superpowers. From the 17th to the 22nd centuries, much of the military and economic strength of Earth was controlled by the European nations of Britain, and France, and, later, the United States of America, a former colonial possession of Britain's, as well as the Soviet Union, later reformed as the Russian Federation, and China.

The earliest peaceful attempt at unifying the planet under one governing body was the formation of the League of Nations at the close of the First World War. The 1930s saw the formation of LONGBOW, an organisation set up under the umbrella of the League to handle matters of international security, occassionally running into threats of an extraterrestrial nature. While never made public, this was the first acknowledgement by the world's leaders that humans were not alone in the universe, and their neighbors were not always friendly. LONGBOW ceased operations after both it and the League failed to prevent the outbreak of the Second World War, when Adolf Hitler sent German troops on an invasion of Poland.

The United Nations was formed at the end of the Second World War, hoping to succeed where its predecessor had failed in preventing global conflict. After numerous alien attacks, especially those by the Yeti and the Cybermen, the UN at the suggestion of Colonel (later Brigadier) Alastair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart, drew up the charter for UNIT, whose duty was essentially the same as LONGBOW's had been.

The development of nuclear weapons and the Cold War increased international tensions in the late 20th century. At numerous times, nuclear war seemed imminent. This threat was somewhat alleviated when the great powers entrusted their nuclear launch codes to the United Kingdom for safe-keeping (" Robot"), and again when the planet came under the government of the World Zone Authority in the early 21rst century ("The Enemy of the World"). Tensions returned again in the later half of the century. ''An end to these tensions did not arrive until the Martian assault of 2086, in which Paris was destroyed. A common, alien enemy united humans and planted the seeds for a united Earth ("Transit"). A brief relapse into warring feudal states followed the Dalek occupation before the Earth was once again united under a global government ("Legacy of the Daleks"). It was also around this time that Earth formed the Alliance with Alpha Centauri and other nearby systems, its first formal alliance with alien species ("Original Sin," "Lords of the Storm").''

The united Earth government quickly became corrupt and on the payroll of powerful financial concerns like INITEC, the Galatron Mining Corporation, the AMORB Project, and especially IMC, looking the other way as these organizations victimized indigenous species and human colonists alike on the outer worlds ("Vengeance on Varos," "Colony In Space"). In time the business policies of these corporations and the political and diplomatic policies of the Earth government became parallel and laid the foundations for the Earth Empire. Law and order was enforced by the Adjudicators. Although Earth was governed by a democratically elected President, civil liberties in the mid-third millenium were highly marginalized, and critics of the government were frequently sent to the Moon, which was converted from a civilian colony to a prison ("Frontier In Space"). '' In the last centuries of the third millenium, the Presidency was transformed into an Imperial monarchy, with the Divine Emperor (or Empress) ruling Earth and its empire. The last Divine Empress left control of the Earth to a ruling council upon her death, shorly before the Solos Incident ("Original Sin," The Mutants").''

With the advent of the Second Ice Age and continuing unrest among the colonies, Earth's global government collpased at the turn of the fourth millenium, and feudalism returned both on the planet and on many of its colonies. An aristocratic government remained in control of Earth when the Federation was formed in the later years of the millenium ("The Curse of Peladon"). This aristocracy eventually gave way to more democratic forms, but this new era of freedom was short-lived as the Solar System came under the sway of the Chen Dynasty after 4000 CE ("The Daleks' Master Plan," "The Crystal Bucephalus)". As the Chen focused more of their attention on the outer worlds, Earth once more broke up into rival nation states, with a Sixth World War looming by the year 5000 CE between the superpowers of Iceland, the Philippines, and Australia("Talons of Weng-Chiang"}. The issue of international conflict became moot when humanity was forced to flee earth after its bombardment by solar flares ("The Ark In Space").

Information on what forms of government existed on Earth during its later periods is scant, owing to the frequent evacuations and resettlements by humanity which occurred. During Earth's period as the planet Ravolox, the few surviving humans there appear to have lived in a tribal matriarchy somewhat similar to that of the ancient Celts("The Mysterious Planet").

Geographical
Earth's surface has changed considerably over the course of its long history, owing to its high seismic activity. When native life first appeared on the planet, for example, what later became the middle of the Atlantic Ocean was a vast, rocky wasteland ("City of Death"). What follows is a general description of what came to be known as "Earth Classic" ("The End Of The World").

Through most of its history, two-thirds of the Earth's surface was covered by water. Several large land-masses were in existence. Changes to the topography were relatively frequent, owing to erosion and seismic and volcanic activity. Two particularly cataclysmic events occurred when Atlantis, already ravaged first by the Daemons and then Kronos, sank beneath the waves circa 2000 BCE ("The Underwater Menace," "The Daemons," "The Time Monster," and when Krakatoa erupted in 1883 CE, the latter event being witnessed by both the  Third and Ninth Doctors ("Inferno," " Rose").

Over millions of years, continental drift caused the surface of Earth to change radically, creating such features as the Arctic Desert and the Los Angeles Crevasse. However, the same National Trust which installed gravity satellites to hold back the expanding Sun also shifted the continents back to their early third millenium positions, a planetary style known as Earth Classic. The Earth's surface remained in this state until the planet's final destruction in the 57th segment of time ("The End Of The World").

People

 * List of human characters


 * List of historical figures met by the Doctor

Television Stories
The Pilot Episode; An Unearthly Child; Marco Polo; The Aztecs;  The Reign of Terror; Planet of Giants; The Dalek Invasion of Earth; The Romans; The Crusade; The Chase (select scenes); The Time Meddler; The Myth Makers; The Daleks' Master Plan (select scenes); The Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Eve; The Gunfighters;  The War Machines; The Smugglers;  The Tenth Planet; The Highlanders; The Underwater Menace; The Faceless Ones; The Evil of the Daleks (select scenes); The Abominable Snowmen; The Ice Warriors; The Enemy of the World; The Web of Fear; Fury from the Deep; The Invasion; The Seeds of Death (select scenes); Spearhead from Space; Doctor Who and the Silurians; The Ambassadors of Death; Inferno; Terror of the Autons; The Mind of Evil; The Claws of Axos; Colony in Space (opening and closing scenes); The Daemons; Day of the Daleks; The Sea Devils; The Mutants (opening scene); The Time Monster; The Three Doctors (select scenes); Frontier in Space (select scenes); The Green Death; The Time Warrior; Invasion of the Dinosaurs; Planet of the Spiders (select scenes);  Robot; The Ark In Space (Earth orbit); The Sontaran Experiment; Terror of the Zygons; Pyramids of Mars; The Android Invasion (closing scenes); The Seeds of Doom; The Masque of Mandragora; The Hand of Fear (most scenes); The Talons of Weng-Chiang; Horror of Fang Rock; Image of the Fendhal; The Stones of Blood; City of Death;  Shada (most scenes);  The Leisure Hive (opening scene);  Logopolis (select scenes);  Castrovalva (opening scene); The Visitation;  Black Orchid; Earthshock(select scenes); Time-Flight;  Arc of Infinity(select scenes); Mawdryn Undead(select scenes); The King's Demons; The Five Doctors (select opening scenes); Warriors of the Deep; The Awakening; Resurrection of the Daleks (select scenes); Planet of Fire (select scenes); Attack of the Cybermen (select scenes); The Mark of the Rani; The Two Doctors (select scenes); Timelash (select scenes); The Mysterious Planet; Delta and the Bannermen(most scenes); Remembrance of the Daleks;  Silver Nemesis; Battlefield; Ghost Light; The Curse of Fenric; Survival (most scenes); Doctor Who: The TV Movie;  Rose; The End Of The World(Earth orbit)

Novels and Short Stories
The Longest Story in the World; Time and Relative; Ash; The Last Days; The Witch Hunters; Nothing at the End of the Lane; Mire and Clay; The Book of Shadows; The Nine-Day Queen; The True and Indisputable Facts in the Case of the Ram’s Skull; A Long Night; Byzantium!; Romans Cutaway; The Eleventh Tiger; The Plotters; The Empire of Glass; The Little Drummer Boy; Salvation; 64 Carlysle Street; Bunker Soldiers; The Man in the Velvet Mask; The Splintered Gate; Distance; Curriculum Vitae; Invasion of the Cat People(most scenes); The Murder Game(Earth orbit); Dying in the Sun; Wonderland; The Roundheads; Heart of TARDIS; Face-Painter; Foreign Devils; The Indestructible Man; Fallen Angel; Mother's Little Helper; Scientific Adviser; Reunion; Downtime; Mondas Passing; The Straw that Broke the Camel's Back; Still Lives; The Eye of the Giant; The Scales of Injustice; The Devil Goblins from Neptune; Prisoners of the Sun; Deadly Reunion; Degrees of Truth; Freedom; The Face of the Enemy; Honest Living; Rags; The Switching; Where the Heart Is; Verdigris; The Wages of Sin; Losing Track of Time; The Suns of Caresh; Last of the Gaderene; Hidden Talent; Dancing the Code; Amorality Tale; An Overture Too Early; Wolfsbane; The Duke of Dominoes; Managra; Evolution; System Shock; Old Flames; Millennium Shock; UNITed We Fall; Asylum (most scenes); Drift; Psi-ence Fiction; Eye of Heaven; The Brain of Socrates; The Shadow of Weng-Chiang; The English Way of Death; Return of the Spiders; Better Take Care; Glass; I Was A Monster!!!; Harry Sullivan's War; The Man From DOCTO(R); Kept Safe and Sound; A Girl's Best Friend; Housewarming; The Sow in Rut; Balloon Debate (conclusion); Moving On; Empire of Death; Confabula; Past Reckoning; The Eternity Contract; Lackaday Express; The Sands of Time; Goth Opera; The Crystal Bucephalus (select scenes); Deep Blue; The King of Terror; Five Card Draw; Hot Ice; A Town Called Eternity; The Canvey Angels; Grave Matter; Moon Graffiti; Players; Blue Box; Vigil; The Nightmare Fair; State of Change(opening scenes); The Stabber; Gone too Soon; Whiskey and Water; The Death of Me; Teach Yourself Ballroom Dancing; The Shadow in the Glass; Business Unusual; Millennial Rites; The Quantum Archangel; Instruments of Darkness; The Invertebrates of Doom; Special Weapons; Relative Dementias; The Algebra of Ice; The Hollow Men; Hymn of the City; Illegal Alien; Stop the Pigeon; Ace of Hearts;  Monsters;  Matrix; Loving the Alien; Timewyrm: Genesys; Timewyrm: Exodus; Timewyrm: Revelation(select scenes); Cat’s Cradle: Warhead; Cat’s Cradle: Witch Mark (select scenes); Nightshade; Playback; White Darkness; Birthright; Iceberg; Blood Heat; The Left-Handed Hummingbird; Conundrum; No Future; All-Consuming Fire; Virgin Lands; Blood Harvest; First Frontier; Falls the Shadow; Warlock; Set Piece; Infinite Requiem (select scenes); Sanctuary; Human Nature; Original Sin; Toy Soldiers (select scenes); Head Games(select scenes); Just War; Warchild; Happy Endings; Christmas on a Rational Planet; Return of the Living Dad; The Death of Art; Damaged Goods; Bad Therapy; Eternity Weeps; The Room With No Doors; Bullet Time; Inmate 280; Notre Dame du Temps; The Eight Doctors (select scenes); The Dying Days; Totem; Rip Tide; Apocrypha Bipedium; Vampire Science; The Bodysnatchers; Genocide; Alien Bodies; Option Lock ; The People's Temple; Legacy of the Daleks; Femme Fatale; The Taint; Revolution Man; Dominion; Unnatural History; Autumn Mist; Interference: Book One(select scenes); Interference: Book Two(select scenes); The Blue Angel (select scenes); The Taking of Planet 5 (select scenes); The Shadows of Avalon; The Space Age; The Banquo Legacy; The Burning; Casualties of War; The Turing Test; Endgame; Mordieu; Father Time; Escape Velocity; Eater of Wasps; The City of the Dead; The Adventuress of Henrietta Street; Mad Dogs and Englishmen; Trading Futures; History 101; Camera Obscura; Time Zero; The Domino Effect; Reckless Engineering; The Last Resort; Timeless; Emotional Chemistry; The Sleep of Reason; The Deadstone Memorial; The Gallifrey Chronicles; The Clockwise Man; Winner Takes All; Good Companions; Greenaway; The Cabinet of Light; Walking to Babylon (select scenes); The Sword of Forever; The House on Oldark Moor;