China

China, the oldest and most populous nation on Earth by the 20th century (TV: Four to Doomsday), was located on the continent of Asia. Its capital city was Peking, also known as Beijing.

Languages
Many languages were spoken in China, such as Mandarin, which was the most prominent language on Earth in the 21st century. (TV: Children of Earth: Day One) Other dialects included Cantonese and Hokkien. (TV: The Mind of Evil)

The Doctor and China
The Doctor visited China several times at various points throughout its history. (TV: Marco Polo et al.) The Third Doctor was once heard to speak in both Cantonese and Hokkien. (TV: The Mind of Evil) In his fourth incarnation, the Doctor claimed that he could speak all Chinese dialects including Mandarin and Cantonese. By that point in his life, he hadn't visited China in four hundred years. (TV: The Talons of Weng-Chiang) The Eleventh Doctor would later write a message in Chinese script. (TV: The Angels Take Manhattan)

Early history
Circa 5519 BC, Monarch abducted Lin Futu and other natives of China. (TV: Four to Doomsday)

In 221 BC, the Eleventh Doctor and Amy Pond visited China to leave a message for River Song on a vase. The message was the expression, "Yowza", written in period Chinese script. (TV: The Angels Take Manhattan)

One of the ships used by the Eternals in their contest for Enlightenment was a Chinese ship crewed by Chinese sailors from the Qin dynasty. (TV: Enlightenment)

13th century
The Venetian Marco Polo travelled throughout China (then called Cathay) as the then-emperor Kublai Khan would not permit him to return home. In 1289, the First Doctor, Ian Chesterton, Barbara Wright and Susan Foreman travelled hundreds of miles to Kublai's palace in Peking. Polo planned to give the TARDIS to Kublai Khan, but eventually allowed the Doctor and his companions to escape. (TV: Marco Polo) The journey lasted several months. (AUDIO: 1963: The Space Race)

While closely pursued by guards, Amy Pond and Rory Williams brought Chinese food from the Liao Palace to the TARDIS. (GAME: The Gunpowder Plot)

19th century
The Second Doctor, Jamie McCrimmon and Zoe Heriot visited China in 1800. (PROSE: Foreign Devils)

In circa 1860, Magnus Greel arrived in China from the year 5000. Li H'sen Chang found him and, believing him to be the god Weng-Chiang, became his devoted follower. (TV: The Talons of Weng-Chiang)

In an unrelated incident, five years later, the First Doctor, Ian, Barbara and Vicki Pallister visited China. (PROSE: The Eleventh Tiger)

In 1873, Professor George Litefoot's family departed China after his father had died. As a going-away present, Emperor Tongzhi gave Litefoot's mother a puzzle box which turned out to be a 51st century time cabinet. (TV: The Talons of Weng-Chiang)

20th century
Captain Jack Harkness was active in China during Boxer Rebellion, where he worked with explosives. (TV: The Blood Line)

On 27 July 1928, the Fifth Doctor, Tegan Jovanka and Turlough met Edward Grainger near Mount Lishan in China. (PROSE: Falling from Xi'an)

In 1936, the Doctor joined Mao Tse-Tung, who would eventually seize control of the country, on the Long March. (TV: The Mind of Evil)

In 1937, the Fourth Doctor and Romana I visited China. (PROSE: The Shadow of Weng-Chiang)

In 1967, Fitz Kreiner was taken to China by Red Army soldiers. (PROSE: Revolution Man)

In the 1970s, China sent General Cheng Teik as a delegate to the first World Peace Conference in London. He was killed by his aide, Chin Lee, who was under the control of. (TV: The Mind of Evil) Perhaps as a result of this, China was very reluctant to participate in the second World Peace Conference until persuaded by Sir Reginald Styles. (TV: Day of the Daleks)

In 1979, China invaded Vietnam. (TV: Tooth and Claw)

In 1997, China gained sovereignty over Hong Kong. In advance of this, agents of China's Public Security Bureau created the fake Tao Te Lung triad to lure in potential kingpins and neutralise them. (PROSE: Bullet Time)

In 1998, the Three Families discovered that the Blessing passed through Shanghai. (TV: The Blood Line)

21st century
By the year 2009, China was part of the worldwide nuclear grid overseen by UNIT. (TV: The Poison Sky) Osterhagen Station 5 was located there. (TV: Journey's End)

In 2009, the "People's Republic of China" was among the nations which agreed to let John Frobisher speak on their behalf to the 456. (TV: Children of Earth: Day Three)

On Christmas Day 2009, when the used the Immortality Gate, all 2.5 million soldiers of the Chinese Central Military Commission became duplicates of him. (TV: The End of Time)

During the Miracle Day phenomenon in 2011, China dropped out of the United Nations. (TV: The Gathering)

In 2021, the Seventh Doctor noted that China "pretty much [ran]" the Moon. (AUDIO: The Harvest)

In 2048, China was taken over by Hong Kong. (PROSE: St Anthony's Fire)

Chinese scientist Chung Sen experimented with time travel. (TV: Invasion of the Dinosaurs)

Alternative timelines
In the Year That Never Was, Martha Jones claimed to have gone to Beijing to collect one of the vials of liquid needed to arm the gun she was allegedly preparing to kill the with. (TV: Last of the Time Lords)