Sexuality

Sexuality was the expression of sexual attraction or desire. This could be for an individual of opposite gender, of the same gender, or even of a different species. It was a crucial aspect of the psychological examination of humans. (PROSE: Who Killed Kennedy) Sexuality was in truth the sum of a person's emotions, an amalgamation of their energy. Calm music aided Sin Yen in expressing her sexuality. (PROSE: Rags) This sexual passion was usually stemmed in the aesthetic beauty of the subject of desire. Vladimir Garuden regarded Dusha as "a Golden Fleece of womanhood", "so infinitely desirable, so infinitely powerful in her beauty". (PROSE: Emotional Chemistry) The buttocks was a common focal point of sexuality. (PROSE: Just War, TV: The Unquiet Dead) Jason Kane in Nights of the Perfumed Tentacle commented that he was in total control of his alien lover, as he knew what she wanted. (PROSE: Beige Planet Mars) In this fashion, sexuality was power.

Sexuality could serve as power in a literal sense too, though. The Sex Gas belonged to a species that fed off orgasmic energy. It therefore came to 21st century Earth, a culture that could easily satisfy its sexual needs. (TV: Day One)

It began as, in the words of the Seventh Doctor, "the urge for the alpha-being to mate with other alpha-beings whenever possible, to fight wherever not." According to his interpretation, sexuality — or, rather, the repression of sexuality in its homosexual form — was the source of much of Earth's oppression. (PROSE: Death and Diplomacy)

Bernice Summerfield noted that her husband Jason Kane had "turned himself into a doll for aliens to pleasure themselves with", and had essentially made himself into a product to be consumed by selling pornographic accounts of his encounters "for random strangers to wank over". (PROSE: Sex Secrets of the Robot Replicants)

An android duplicate of Jason — under the alias of Professor Cockshaft — lectured that "Mr Kane's work treats sex as an erasure of the boundaries between the familiar and the foreign, the self and the not-self." Benny, watching the presentation, concurred — the main source of attraction to Jason for her was how different he was to her. (PROSE: Sex Secrets of the Robot Replicants)

Fitz Kreiner once had a dream in which he rubbed buttocks with the Eighth Doctor. When he queried this dream-state Doctor, he was assured that it was not "[his] subconscious telling [him] anything about [his] sexuality." (PROSE: Halflife)

As the Tenth Doctor suggested to Chris Pirelli, teenagers were often confused about their sexuality. He called this as "teenage angsty stuff". (PROSE: Forever Autumn) Bernice Summerfield thought that one must at least have suspicions about their sexual preferences by the age of fifteen. Jason Kane, though — ultimately her husband — identified as a late starter, and did not have the chance to sort it out before he was whisked away from Earth to the planet t'Kao. (PROSE: Death and Diplomacy)

Even people who identified as heterosexual have been shown to have occasional homosexual tendencies, proving that sexuality was fluid. (TV: Everything Changes, Greeks Bearing Gifts) David Daniels had reportedly "slept with enough straight men to know that hope never died", and did not take someone's choice of category to mean much of anything. (PROSE: Damaged Goods) As Jack Harkness commented to Toshiko Sato upon viewing heterosexual Gwen Cooper kissing Carys, "You people and your quaint little categories." (TV: Day One)

No matter how one identified, they could still derive sexual pleasure from watching people of another orientation. For instance, Fern "touched himself" while watching pornography that depicted sex between a man and a woman, two women, and two men. (PROSE: A Rose by Any Other Name) Owen Harper recorded Gwen Cooper's kiss with Carys Fletcher for later, calling it "a treat". (TV: Day One)

History
According to the Seventh Doctor, the ancient Greeks and Romans linked war with homosexuality. (PROSE: Death and Diplomacy) Though many rumours claimed that William Shakespeare was homosexual, the Ninth Doctor assured Rose Tyler that he was "very straight". He was, in the words of Rose, "hitting on [her]", (COMIC: A Groatsworth of Wit) and did the same with Martha Jones. Despite this, Shakespeare still flirted with the Tenth Doctor as well, who commented, " academics just punched the air." (TV: The Shakespeare Code)

The Ninth Doctor also implied that Christopher Marlowe was interested in men; (COMIC: A Groatsworth of Wit) in fact, Marlowe flirted extensively with Steven Taylor. (PROSE: The Empire of Glass)

According to Bernice Summerfield, the 1880s "weren't as enlightened" as her time when it came to sexuality. (PROSE: All-Consuming Fire) Around the 1890s, Warren Gadd targeted gays, and attempted to blackmail Oscar Wilde by threatening to reveal his secret. (AUDIO: Beautiful Things) Vastra and Jenny Flint were married by Christmas of 1892. This couple was not only same-sex, but different species — Vastra was a Silurian, while Jenny was a human. (TV: The Snowmen) Another female same-sex couple around this time was that of Torchwood Three members Alice Guppy and Emily Holroyd. (TV: Fragments)

In the 1920s, Roger Curbishley was forced to keep his relationship with Davenport secret, (TV: The Unicorn and the Wasp) and Angelo Colasanto was not allowed to join the Three Families because he did not hide his with Jack Harkness. (TV: End of the Road) According to the Seventh Doctor, gays were sent to concentration camps during World War II, along with anyone else even slightly different. (PROSE: Timewyrm: Exodus)

In and around the 1950s, sex in general was somewhat tabooed. Emma-Louise Cowell's mother would tell her that "no man wants to marry soiled goods." Sex was generally only performed with spouses, although some people like Diane Holmes, who claimed to "not exactly [be] "marriage material", had lovers. While Owen Harper was under the impression that the '50s were uptight and sexually repressed, Diane assured him, "You didn't invent it, you know." (TV: Out of Time)

In 1940s Britain, homosexuality was viewed as heavily abnormal, and Jack shocked everyone around him by dancing with and kissing another man at a goodbye dance at The Ritz. (TV: Captain Jack Harkness) Alan Turing was persecuted for his homosexuality, but strongly believed that it was unalterable and perfectly natural. (PROSE: The Turing Test)

The gay minority was persecuted well into the 1960s, (AUDIO: The Cold Equations) Canton Delaware getting kicked out of the CIA for wanting to marry a black man. (TV: Day of the Moon) Companion Oliver Harper was facing arrest by the Metropolitan Police Service for his homosexuality when he first met the First Doctor in 1966. (AUDIO: The Cold Equations) "Queer" was a common insult at this time. (TV: Children of Earth: Day Three) Another was "poof". (PROSE: Death and Diplomacy) Policewoman Barbara Redworth once saw the corpse of a homosexual, having been murdered by "queer-bashers". (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice) In the 1990s, one version of Samantha Jones identified as the only person in her high school class that didn't think homosexuals "ought to be shot on sight". (PROSE: Alien Bodies)

By the early 21st century, though, homosexuality was more accepted, and children just accepted that some people had two mothers or two fathers. (TV: Children of Earth: Day One) Homophobia still stuck around, though, and people like Rex Matheson maintained the prejudice. (TV: The Categories of Life) When Rex said, "The whole world got screwed because two gay guys had a hissy fit," Gwen Cooper replied, "Rex, get back in your cave." (TV: End of the Road) Bob Campbell linked homosexuality with illegal drugs, and referred to gays' lifestyles impermissible. (PROSE: The Devil Goblins from Neptune)

By this point, one did not need to be in love to have sex with someone; according to Gwen Cooper, "sex could just be about having a good time together." As Gwen elaborated, "as long as it's safe and between two consenting adults, no one cares." People had casual sex with "fuck buddies", and pornographic magazines such as Peach were sold to the general public without consideration for children who might see them.

When John Ellis, Diane Holmes and Emma-Louise Cowell accidentally travelled from 1953 through the Cardiff Rift to 2007, both John and Emma were disgusted by what they saw. Emma expected to just have "a kiss and a cuddle" with a guy she met at a pub, but then found out that he wanted more. Diane, however, was perfectly comfortable with the 21st century attitude towards sex, as she had held much the same attitude in '53. (TV: Out of Time)

Around 2030, Fiona, or "Fee", was indifferent about people's sexual preferences, commenting, "Fine, if that's what turns them on," after being told that two women were lesbians. (PROSE: Warchild) Yuri Kerenski told a story about his brother Mikail and his husband to Maggie Cain in 2059. (TV: The Waters of Mars) In the 26th century — the home era of Professor Bernice Summerfield — bisexuality was the norm. (PROSE: All-Consuming Fire) Her society had a "generally unobtrusive ambisexuality". (PROSE: Sky Pirates!) Sky Silvestry casually mentioned a past girlfriend in a conversation with the Tenth Doctor in the 27th century, indicating that homosexuality grew more and more socially acceptable over the centuries. (TV: Midnight)

Chris Cwej, from the 30th century, noted that his society had many sex-related problems, but only "once in a blue moon" did they involve sexuality itself. (PROSE: Damaged Goods) The people of the 51st century were sexually active with not only both genders, but many different non-human species. John Hart even found himself attracted to an Earth poodle. (TV: Kiss Kiss, Bang Bang) As the Ninth Doctor quipped, "So many species, so little time." He explained to Rose Tyler that they were "just a bit more flexible when it [came] to dancing." (TV: The Doctor Dances) Jack Harkness, a native of this century, would "shag anything if it's gorgeous enough" according to Toshiko Sato. (TV: Day One)

The Thin One and the Fat One declared proudly that they were the "Thin/Fat Gay Married Anglican Marines". (TV: A Good Man Goes to War) By the year 5,000,000,053, same-sex couples were just as common as opposite-sex ones, and both were unremarkable, although New Earth Cat Thomas Kincade Brannigan jokingly called partners Alice and May Cassini sisters, claiming to be old-fashioned. (TV: Gridlock)

Heterosexuality
Heterosexuality was sexual attraction to people of the opposite gender. Such was considered the norm into the 21st century. Most religions considers heterosexuality compulsory. (PROSE: Beyond the Sun)

Creed McIlveen felt drawn to images of young women who were "limber and tanned", and traced the legs of one with his salivated finger. (PROSE: Warlock)

Homosexuality
Homosexuality was sexual attraction to people of the same gender. According to the Seventh Doctor, some people believed that certain genes lead to homosexuality. (PROSE: Utopia)

Homosexuals were forced to endure homophobia, something which Bernice Summerfield — and everyone else from her home period of the 26th century — could not understand. (PROSE: Sky Pirates!) Words used to describe and insult homosexuals included gay, queer, poof and faggot. (TV: Children of Earth: Day Four, PROSE: Endgame, Death and Diplomacy, Timeless, Blue Box, et al)

Christianity denounced homosexuality, leading Angelo Colasanto to believe that God "doesn't hear me". (TV: Immortal Sins) In many states for a period of time, homosexuality was a crime punishable by law. (AUDIO: The Cold Equations)

Homosexuality also meant to heterosexuals that the person was unavailable. It was thus an undesirable trait. When Donna Noble was brought to a party in the 1920s, she was disappointed that both Davenport and Roger Curbishley were gay — "Typical. All the decent men are on the other bus." (TV: The Unicorn and the Wasp) Tallulah similarly thought the Tenth Doctor was "what a waste" because he was "into musical theatre". (TV: Daleks in Manhattan)

Bisexuality
Bisexuality was sexual attraction to both sexes. Gwen Cooper thought that being bisexual must be great — "best of both worlds" — but Ianto Jones, who identified as one, said it made him feel insecure, like he belonged nowhere. (PROSE: The Twilight Streets)

Bisexuality was the norm in the 26th century. (PROSE: All-Consuming Fire)

Exosexuality
Exosexuality, or xenophilia, was the sexual attraction towards members of other species. While not widely practiced, exosexuality was oft thought of, and Jason Kane made a living selling pieces of literary xenopornography such as Nights of the Perfumed Tentacle, based off his own personal experiences. These erotic works were targeted at both humans and "aliens", and included several sex scenes between individuals of different alien species. (PROSE: Sex Secrets of the Robot Replicants, Beige Planet Mars, The Infernal Nexus)

Chris Cwej once found a xenopornographic magazine in one of the TARDIS' guest rooms, and what reminded of what he saw inside when he saw a gynoid giving birth. (PROSE: Christmas on a Rational Planet)

Omnisexuality
Omnisexuality was the term that Jack Harkness applied to himself. As his boyfriend Ianto Jones explained, "it's the polite way of saying he'll sleep with anything — men, women... cephalopods." (PROSE: The House That Jack Built) Indeed, this was the norm in Jack's native 51st century — having spread out across the galaxy, humans began having sex with not only both genders, but many different alien species — "So many species, so little time." The Ninth Doctor explained to Rose Tyler that they were "just a bit more flexible when it [came] to dancing." (TV: The Doctor Dances) Toshiko Sato had "seen him in action", and assured her Torchwood Three colleagues that Jack would "shag anything if it's gorgeous enough". (TV: Day One)

Another word for this was ambisexuality, which Bernice Summerfield applied to her culture, the humans of the 26th century. (PROSE: Sky Pirates!)

Other
Charles "Chick" Peters was born with both an X and a Y chromosome like a man, but her body did not respond to the hormones like it should have. She was brought up as a girl by her parents, and only found out her true identity at the age of fifteen. Chick did not have a womb. She dated women, and "never had any complaints" about her female body. Chick identified as a man, and did not consider herself a lesbian. (PROSE: Blue Box)

According to Jason Kane, Avron Jelks' pieces occasionally went off on useless, sexual rants about "children, chainsaws and excrement".

Jack on at least one occasion felt sexually attracted to a dog, Sheba. (PROSE: Warlock)

The Doctor
The Doctor himself did not identify with any specific form of sexuality. He kissed Grace Holloway shortly after his regeneration into his eighth incarnation. (TV: Doctor Who) The Eighth Doctor was implied to have had sex with Bernice Summerfield, (PROSE: The Dying Days, AUDIO: Benny's Story) and kissed Fitz squarely on the lips after finding out that he was still alive. (PROSE: Dominion) He even actively flirted with Fitz on occasion: "I'll show you my tattoo if you're lucky." (PROSE: Eater of Wasps)

The Ninth Doctor rejected Jackie Tyler's advances, (TV: Rose) but assured Rose Tyler that, in the 900 years of his life, he had "danced". He flirted with Jack Harkness too, proposing to dance with him, (TV: The Doctor Dances) and promising to give him what Rose Tyler had with Mickey Smith should Jack buy him a drink. (TV: Boom Town) He did not protest a goodbye kiss from the man. (TV: The Parting of the Ways) After getting stranded in the year 200,100 and teleporting to the late 19th century, Jack promised, "First I'm gonna kiss him, and then I'm gonna kill him." (TV: Fragments)

The Tenth Doctor shared a kiss with all his companions — Rose Tyler, Martha Jones and Donna Noble — as well as Madame de Pompadour, Astrid Peth, Christina De Souza and Queen Elizabeth I. (TV: New Earth, Smith and Jones, The Unicorn and the Wasp, The Girl in the Fireplace, Voyage of the Damned, Planet of the Dead, The Day of the Doctor) He proposed that both Martha Frank could kiss him later, as he was busy at the time trying to defeat the Daleks. During the same adventure, Tallulah hypothesised that the reason the Tenth Doctor paid no interest in Martha Jones was because he was "into musical theatre — what a waste". (TV: Daleks in Manhattan)

The Eleventh Doctor, conversely, fought off Amy Pond's attempts to have sex with him. (TV: Flesh and Stone) Though he was married to — and was implied to have an active sexual life with — River Song, (TV: The Wedding of River Song) the Doctor's eleventh incarnation had zero issue with kissing Rory Williams on two occasions, (TV: The Pandorica Opens, Dinosaurs on a Spaceship) and nearly kissing Craig Owens on another. In fact, the Doctor and Craig were mistaken for a married gay couple by Val, who took Alfie as their baby. She said, "it's nice for a baby to have two daddies who love each other." (TV: Closing Time)

Not quite ready
In an interview included in the DVD release of The Curse of Fenric, writer Ian Briggs revealed that the story's Dr Judson was intended to be — like the man he was based on, Alan Turing — struggling with his homosexuality, but this was ultimately cut as it was not at the time considered appropriate to discuss such topics in a family programme. Briggs instead transformed Turing's frustration at being unable to express his true sexual identity into Judson's frustration at being crippled.

Similarly, according to Rona Munro, the writer of Survival, there was to be a lesbian subtext to the relationship between Ace and Karra. However, this was once again cut as it was not considered appropriate for a family program. Ace's suggested bisexuality has never been discussed or alluded to in any other form of media.

The "Gay Agenda"
Sexuality was approached fairly often, though, in Doctor Who novels released in the 1990s, and the Doctor received his first televised non-heterosexual companion in 2005 in the form of Captain Jack Harkness. From then on, the programme — not to mention its more adult-oriented spin-off, Torchwood, with Jack in the lead — contained many references to all sexual orientations, and demonstrated the evolution of views towards homosexuality in the future. Some critics have called this show runner Russell T Davies' "gay agenda" — a phrase which Davies himself in an interview called "abhorrent". His intention was not in fact to rally homosexuality, but rather to express that, in his own words, "sexuality is fluid".

The Doctor: asexual?
The question of the Doctor's sexuality was a controversial one. It was fanon for decades that he was ; fans used the Fourth Doctor's line in City of Death that Countess Scarlioni was "probably" beautiful as proof. It was therefore heavily controversial when the Eighth Doctor, in the words of Steven Moffat, "hit puberty" and shared his first kiss with Grace Holloway in the 1996 tele-film. Moffat was in fact completely against the fan theory of the Doctor's celibacy, saying in 1996 that it "flies directly in the face of established continuity".

From the the TV Movie on, the Doctor had an active sexual and romantic life in the BBC Eighth Doctor Adventures and the BBC Wales version of Doctor Who, rendering any fan rumours of the Doctor's asexuality retroactively moot.