Racial segregation

Racial segregation was the racist policy of forcing different ethnic groups to use different facilities from each other. Segregationist policies were common in several US states in the 1950s, such as Alabama and Mississippi.

By 1943, Montgomery, Alabama, had a segregated bus system. Black passengers had to enter through and sit at the back, while white passengers could sit at the front. Yasmin Khan was unsure where she ought to sit, noting there was a lack of citizens with Pakistani heritage in Montgomery. She was permitted to sit in the "white" area of the bus on several occasions.

Many other facilities were segregated. A waitress at Slim's Bar refused to serve Ryan Sinclair and Yasmin Khan, labelling the former as a "negro" and mistaking the latter for being Mexican rather than a British woman of Pakistani heritage.

The Sahara Springs Motel was also "whites-only," and Ryan Sinclair and Yasmin Khan had to join the Thirteenth Doctor and Graham O'Brien in their room through the back window. During an inspection by Police Officer Mason, he claimed that it was a criminal offence to harbour non-white individuals on a segregated premises.

Rosa Parks famously refused to give up her seat to a white passenger, Graham O'Brien, on a segregated bus, an event witnessed by the Thirteenth Doctor and Yasmin Khan. She was arrested, and next Monday, the Montgomery Bus Boycott began for over a year. Because of this, the racial segregation of buses ended on 21 December 1956, ushering in the Civil Rights Movement.