Queen

Queen was the title of the female head of state under a monarchical system of government, or that of the consort if the head of state was a king.

The fact that a society was ruled by a queen sometimes indicated that society was matriarchal in nature (though not always, as in the case of late 16th and 20th century Earth).

"Queen" was also often used to denote the key member and progenitor of insect colonies, potentially leading to confusion when dealing with sentient insectoid races. However the hierarchical nature of many of these species and their cultures effectively makes them monarchies.

Queens were addressed as Majesty. (AUDIO: The Death of Captain Jack)

Queens and their domains
Approximately 5000 years before 1881, Iraxxa was an Ice Queen on Mars. After her long hibernation was complete, she would resume her position as queen at the beginning of the Martian Golden Age. (TV: Empress of Mars)

Ancient Egypt had female Pharaohs, including Hatchepsut and Cleopatra VII. (PROSE: The Last Pharaoh) Nefertiti, companion to the Eleventh Doctor, was queen consort of Egypt in the 14th century BC through her marriage to King Amenhotep. (TV: Dinosaurs on a Spaceship)

Boudica was queen of the Iceni tribe in the 1st century AD. (AUDIO: The Wrath of the Iceni)

Ashildr, under the guise of Lady Sherade, married a King of Samarkand, thereby becoming a queen. (PROSE: The Arabian Knightmare)

Isabella was queen consort of England in the 14th century until her husband, Richard II, was deposed in 1399. (AUDIO: The Doctor's Tale)

Elizabeth Woodville was the wife of Edward IV and thereby queen consort of England. Her daughter, Elizabeth of York, would later go on to be the queen of Henry VII of England. (AUDIO: The Kingmaker)

Henry VIII of England had seven queens consort: Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Katherine Howard, Catherine Parr, (PROSE: Girl Power!) and Amy Pond. (TV: The Power of Three) He also married Marilyn Monroe after he was resurrected and his tenure as king had ended. (PROSE: A Hundred Words from a Civil War)

Catherine de Medici was queen mother of France during the reign of her son, Charles IX. (TV: The Massacre)

Mary Stuart was queen regnant of Scotland. (PROSE: Verdigris)

Lady Jane Grey was queen regnant of England for nine days from 10 to 19 July 1553. She was succeeded by Mary I. (TV: Lost in Time) Mary in turn was succeeded by her half-sister, Elizabeth I. (AUDIO: The Marian Conspiracy) In 1562, Elizabeth I married the Tenth Doctor. (TV: The Day of the Doctor)

Henrietta Maria was the queen of Charles I of England and Scotland. (PROSE: The Roundheads)

Mary of Modena was queen consort of England and Scotland until her husband, James II and VII, was overthrown by his daughter Mary II, who took his place as monarch jointly with her husband and cousin William of Orange. (AUDIO: The Glorious Revolution) William was succeeded by Queen Anne. (AUDIO: Phantasmagoria)

Anne was queen of France and wife of Louis XIII. She looked remarkably like Peri Brown. (AUDIO: The Church and the Crown)

Marie Antoinette was a queen of France. (TV: Pyramids of Mars)

Victoria was queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 1837 until 1901, also being the Empress of India. (TV: Tooth and Claw)

Elizabeth II became queen of the United Kingdom in 1952 and ruled into the 21st century. (TV: The Idiot's Lantern, Voyage of the Damned)

Rhodia had a queen until she was killed by the Shadow Kin alongside the rest of the planet's population. (TV: For Tonight We Might Die)

Ram Singh believed April MacLean to be queen of the Shadow Kin after she defeated Corakinus. However, she explained to him that the Shadow King was the monarch's title whether they were male or female. (TV: Brave-ish Heart)

Camilla was the consort of Charles III of the United Kingdom. (PROSE: Revenge of the Judoon)

Thalira was the queen of Peladon after her father's death. (TV: The Monster of Peladon)

Xanxia was the despotic queen of Zanak. (TV: The Pirate Planet)

The Queen Spider was the leader of the Eight Legs on Metebelis III, though she deferred to the Great One. (TV: Planet of the Spiders)

Most accounts agree that Peri Brown was at least briefly queen consort of Krontep, marrying King Yrcanos. (PROSE: Bad Therapy)

Angvia was the queen of Angvia. (AUDIO: Bang-Bang-a-Boom!)

Elizabeth X, or Liz Ten, was queen of Starship UK from at least the 29th century and ruled into the 52nd century. (TV: The Beast Below, The Pandorica Opens)

River Song was the consort of King Hydroflax. (TV: The Husbands of River Song)

Katryca was the leader of a Tribe of Free on Ravolox, around the year 2000000. (TV: The Mysterious Planet)

Insectoid races led by queens
The Mantasphids were a bioluminescent species of insect and were led by the Mantasphid Queen, who was much larger than all the other Mantasphids. (TV: The Infinite Quest) Other species with queens included the Zarbi, (PROSE: The Lost Ones) the Wirrn, (TV: The Ark in Space) the Chimerons, (TV: Delta and the Bannermen) the Charrl, (PROSE: Birthright) the Xaranti, (PROSE: Deep Blue) the Kromon (AUDIO: The Creed of the Kromon) and the Hexagora. (AUDIO: Hexagora)