1879

In 1879, the Tenth Doctor and Rose Tyler visited Torchwood House in the company of Queen Victoria. There, they encountered a Lupine Wavelength Haemovariform. The Doctor killed it with the Koh-i-Noor and a light chamber, but not before it scratched the Queen, possibly infecting her. (TV: Tooth and Claw)

The Torchwood Institute (or "Torchwood" for short) was an organisation founded in 1879 (TV: The New World, Day One) to protect the British Empire (later Great Britain) from extraterrestrial threat, to capture the Doctor (whom Queen Victoria regarded as one such threat) and to secure alien technology for Britain. (TV: Tooth and Claw, Army of Ghosts)