Assyria

 was a part of the Roman Empire by at least 64 AD, when the First Doctor, Vicki, Barbara and Ian visited Byzantium. The historian Gemellus once told Ian that there was once an Assyrian King called Shalmaneser II who led an army of some 120,000 men to resist the Roman Empire, but they failed in spite of their size because they implied inadequate shields against the centurions. (PROSE: Byzantium!)

The Doctor bought a rug from Assyria at some point before his eighth incarnation. (PROSE: DS Al Fine) Ninan exchanged letters with many Assyrians, but had never visited the place nor travelled much at all. (PROSE: Walking to Babylon)

According to Bernice Summerfield, the only thing that changed in ancient Egypt under the Pharaohs was the introduction of the chariot when the Assyrians attacked — or was it the Phoenicians? (PROSE: The Dying Days)
 * It was the .