Frontier in Space (TV story)

Synopsis
The Doctor and Jo are caught up in the escalating tension between planets Earth and Draconia, and discover that the Master is secretly working to provoke the two sides into all-out war.

Plot
The TARDIS arrives in the year 2540 on board an Earth spaceship, which then comes under attack. The crew perceive the Doctor, Jo and the attackers as Draconians, whose empire currently rivals Earth's for control of the galaxy. The Doctor and Jo, however, see that the attackers are really Ogrons.

The Ogrons stun everyone on board and steal the ship's cargo - including the TARDIS. Accused by the Earth authorities of spying for the Draconians, the Doctor is sent to the Lunar Penal Colony on the Moon while Jo is placed in the custody of a Commissioner from Sirius 4 - actually the Master. The Master rescues the Doctor and locks him and Jo up aboard a stolen police spaceship.

Once in flight, the ship is intercepted by the Draconians. Taken to Draconia, the Doctor is able to convince the Emperor of the Master's scheme to provoke a war using the Ogrons and a hypnotic device that makes those affected see whatever they most fear.

Jo is recaptured by the Master and taken to the Ogrons' home planet, where he also has the Doctor's TARDIS. The Doctor follows with General Williams - an emissary from the President of Earth - and a Draconian Prince. Behind the Master's plot are the Daleks, who want a war to break out so that they can invade in the aftermath. The Doctor and his party are placed in the Master's custody as the Daleks leave to prepare their forces, but they manage to escape.

Williams and the Draconian Prince depart to warn their respective peoples of the Daleks' intentions. The Doctor, though, is injured in the confusion. Jo helps him into the TARDIS, where he sends a telepathic message to the Time Lords...

Cast

 * The Doctor - Jon Pertwee
 * Jo Grant - Katy Manning
 * The Master - Roger Delgado
 * President of Earth - Vera Fusek
 * General Williams - Michael Hawkins
 * Draconian Prince - Peter Birrel
 * Gardiner - Ray Lonnen
 * Kemp - Barry Ashton
 * Hardy - John Rees
 * Stewart - James Culliford
 * Newscaster - Louis Mahoney
 * Draconian Space Pilot - Roy Pattison
 * Secretary - Karol Hagar
 * Professor Dale - Harold Goldblatt
 * Patel - Madhav Sharma
 * Prison Governor - Dennis Bowen
 * Cross - Richard Shaw
 * Sheila - Luan Peters
 * Technician - Caroline Hunt
 * Lunar Guard - Lawrence Harrington
 * Draconian Captain - Bill Wilde
 * Draconian Emperor - John Woodnutt
 * Draconian Messenger - Ian Frost
 * Earth Cruiser Captain - Clifford Elkin
 * Ogrons - Stephen Thorne, Michael Kilgarriff, Rick Lester
 * Congressman Brook - Ramsay Williams
 * Newscaster - Bill Mitchell
 * Pilot of Space Ship - Stanley Price
 * Daleks - John Scott Martin, Cy Town, Murphy Grumbar
 * Dalek Voice - Michael Wisher

Crew

 * Assistant Floor Manager - John Bradburn
 * Costumes - Barbara Kidd
 * Designer - Cynthia Kljuco
 * Film Cameraman - John Tiley
 * Film Editor - John Bush
 * Incidental Music - Dudley Simpson
 * Make-Up - Sandra Shepherd
 * Producer - Barry Letts
 * Production Assistant - Nicholas John
 * Script Editor - Terrance Dicks
 * Special Sounds - Dick Mills
 * Studio Lighting - Ralph Walton
 * Studio Sound - Brian Hiles
 * Theme Arrangement - Delia Derbyshire
 * Title Music - Ron Grainer
 * Visual Effects - Bernard Wilkie, Rhys Jones

The Doctor

 * The Doctor once served as a delegate at the Third Intergalactic Peace Conference, though en route he got waylaid by Medusoids who used the mind probe on him and discovered that he was on his way to meet a giant rabbit, a pink elephant and a purple horse with yellow spots, all delegates at the Third Intergalactic Peace Conference.
 * Circa the year 2040, the Doctor helped the Draconians with a space plague and so they receive him as an honoured guest. He tells Jo the story of his trial by the Time Lords, his forced regeneration and his exile to Earth, though perhaps mainly as a way to conceal the fact that he meanwhile manages to cut his way out of an iron cell. The Master says that the Doctor "does not fear death".

Story Notes

 * This story had the working title: Frontiers in Space
 * An unfortunate error was made at the time of production, whereby one of the on-screen cast credit slides for Episode One was inadvertently substituted for one of those from Episode Two. This resulted in Lawrence Davidson (Draconian First Secretary) and Timothy Craven (Cell Guard) not being credited on-screen for Episode Two, though they were credited in Radio Times, and Louis Mahoney (Newscaster) and Roy Pattison (Draconian Space Pilot) being repeated – even though their characters appeared only in Episode One.
 * Assistant floor manager John Bradburn plays the 'Ogron eater' monster seen on the Ogrons' planet.
 * This story marks Roger Delgado's last appearance in Doctor Who. On 18th June 1973 he was killed in a car crash in Turkey while on the way to the location for a film called Bell of Tibet. As a result of Delgado's death, the writers chose not to cast a new actor in the role of the Master and instead abandoned future plans for the character's interaction with the Third Doctor. The Master would eventually return several years later in The Deadly Assassin but would not become a regularly recurring villain again until The Keeper of Traken during which the part was passed to Anthony Ainley, who would become a recurring guest star during the final seasons of the original series.
 * Episode Six had to be revised after it was delivered by director Paul Bernard. Barry Letts greatly disliked the way the Ogron Eater had been realized by the production team, and tried to limit its inclusion in the serial. Unfortunately, it was center stage in the final moments of Episode Six, and the only way to get rid of it was to film a corrective pick-up on the first day of studio recording for Planet of the Daleks. This meant that, technically, Episode Six contained some work by Planet director, David Maloney. However, this did not alter Bernard's sole directing credit for the episode.

Ratings

 * Episode 1 - 9.1 million viewers
 * Episode 2 - 7.8 million viewers
 * Episode 3 - 7.5 million viewers
 * Episode 4 - 7.1 million viewers
 * Episode 5 - 7.7 million viewers
 * Episode 6 - 8.9 million viewers

Myths

 * The fifth episode as seen on the BBC video release of this story, which is about a minute longer than the one originally transmitted and features the abandoned Delaware synthesiser arrangement of the theme music, is a special 'extended version'. (It is a rough cut that was prepared during the original editing of the story and never intended for public consumption.)
 * Roger Delgado died soon after appearing in the episode which is why The Master doesn't appear in Planet of the Daleks. He died several months later; there's no indication the Master was ever intended to appear in the second chapter.
 * A related rumour states that Katy Manning decided to leave the series after Delgado's death. In fact, by the time Delgado died, Manning's final episode had already been filmed, and her decision to leave would have likely been made by the time Frontier in Space had been shot, even if the rumour above was true.

Filming Locations

 * Hayward Gallery, Belvedere Road, Lambeth, London
 * Fitzroy Park, Highgate, London
 * Beachfields Quarry, Cormongers Lane, Redhill, Surrey
 * South Bank Centre, Waterloo, London
 * Bray Studios, Slough
 * BBC Television Centre (Studio 3 & 4), Shepherd's Bush, London

Discontinuity, Plot Holes, Errors

 * If the Master's device makes one see one's greatest fear, why does Jo see the ship change shape in episode one? The implication is that she is seeing the effect of the device being turned on, but it's still an error; Jo wouldn't be afraid of a Draconian ship any more than any other kind of spaceship.
 * Jo splits her trousers while running to escape the Ogrons in episode three.
 * Her tights change color from scene to scene (and occasionally she isn't wearing any at all).
 * Big strings hold up the Doctor up for his spacewalk in episode six.
 * As the space walking Doctor opens the airlock in episode four there is a technician visible inside it.

Continuity

 * The conclusion of this story ends on a cliffhanger leading straight into DW: Planet of the Daleks. Originally both this story and Planet of the Daleks were going to be a 12 part story, and as the two storylines are connected, they are often unofficially considered as such.
 * EDA: Legacy of the Daleks is set (for the Master) after this story.
 * NA: Love and War is set after this story when Earth and Draconia are in relative peace.
 * The war touched off by the Master during this story is the Second Dalek War, which will profoundly affect the life of future companion Bernice Summerfield.

Timeline
For the Doctor:
 * This story occurs after: PDA: The Suns of Caresh
 * This story occurs before: DW: Planet of the Daleks

For the Master:
 * This story occurs after: PDA: Verdigris
 * This story occurs before: PDA: Last of the Gaderene

DVD, Video and Other Releases

 * VHS: Released in August 1996. BBC Video 5640
 * It will be released in 2009 along with Planet of the Daleks.

Novelisation

 * Main article: Doctor Who and the Space War


 * Novelised as Doctor Who and the Space War by Malcolm Hulke in 1976.