The Edge of Destruction (TV story)

The Edge of Destruction was the third serial of season 1 of ''Doctor Who. ''It was written by David Whitaker, directed by Richard Martin and Frank Cox and featured William Hartnell as the First Doctor, William Russell as Ian Chesterton, Jacqueline Hill as Barbara Wright and Carole Ann Ford as Susan Foreman. The serial was first broadcast between 8 February and 15 February 1964 on BBC tv.

The story is unique in the original series in that it is set entirely inside the TARDIS and features only the regular cast members.

The BBC initially committed to four episodes of Doctor Who. Mid-way through the production of An Unearthly Child, this was upped to thirteen. Together, An Unearthly Child and The Daleks only totaled eleven. With a tiny budget, The Edge of Destruction was commissioned to fill the remaining two episodes and fill out the season.

Narratively, the story was crucial as its events bonded the travellers so they were no longer just mismatched people forced together but a group who could trust one another. It also offered the first hint that the Doctor's TARDIS was not his own, shown by his lack of understanding of its abilities. Finally, it was also the first instance of the Doctor namedropping historical figures.

The second episode of this serial, "The Brink of Disaster", is as far as viewers can watch the Hartnell era, and the series itself from the very beginning in televised format, before running into a single missing episode: the following serial, Marco Polo, remains absent in its entirety.

Synopsis
As they slowly recover from the shock of being thrown to the TARDIS floor, the Doctor, Susan, Ian and Barbara all seem to be acting strangely. Unexplained events occur and suspicions are raised that an alien force may have entered the ship. The Doctor even accuses Ian and Barbara of sabotage.

It gradually dawns on the travellers that what they have been experiencing is an attempt by the TARDIS itself to warn them of something. The Doctor finally realises the fast return switch he used when leaving Skaro has stuck, and the ship has been plunging back to the beginning of time and its own destruction.

Once the problem — a faulty spring — is corrected, the TARDIS returns to normal and the Doctor has to make some apologies for his behaviour.

The Edge of Destruction (1)
The Doctor, while attempting to correct the TARDIS' faulty navigation circuits, causes a small explosion. The Doctor, Barbara, Ian and Susan are all rendered unconscious. Barbara is the first to recover and awakens Ian and Susan, who appear to have slight cases of amnesia. The Doctor lies on the floor with a gash on his head. Susan recovers her senses enough to retrieve a special healing bandage from the ship's first aid kit and water from the food machine for her injured grandfather. Suddenly, Susan becomes convinced that an alien presence is on board and has seized control of the ship.

The TARDIS doors begin erratically opening and closing whenever Ian moves towards them. When Susan tries to operate the door switch on the console, she receives an electrical shock. As the Doctor revives, Barbara tends to him while Ian carries Susan to her room. There she stabs at him with a pair of scissors, rips her bed to shreds, then collapses.

Later, the Doctor, Barbara, and Ian discuss the situation, each alternating between clarity of mind and paranoid sniping. The Doctor checks the system controls with Ian's assistance, while Barbara checks on Susan. Susan has retrieved the scissors and tries to attack Barbara, but stops herself from doing any real harm.

When the Doctor tries to determine their location with the view scanner, he finds only images which he recognises as records of the TARDIS' earlier trips. The last image, a picture of planets, a solar system and an explosion, puzzles him. By now, Susan is convinced that not only has an alien intelligence entered the ship, it has taken over at least one of the people. When the Doctor opens the TARDIS doors, they quickly close themselves when Ian approaches them. Soon, the Doctor and Susan begin to accuse their human companions of sabotage to get the TARDIS back to England in 1963. Barbara angrily refutes the Doctor's suspicions with a recap of their recent adventure on Skaro, where she and Ian risked their lives to save the Doctor and Susan from the Daleks. She cites Ian's bravery in the Cave of Skulls. Her tirade is abruptly ended when she sees the cathedral clock the Doctor keeps in the console room has melted, a sight which horrifies her. They all check their watches and see the same has happened to their timepieces.

The Doctor excuses himself from the room and returns with a tray of drinks, a "nightcap" which he serves as a peace offering to his companions. Barbara, Susan and Ian retire to their quarters and drink the nightcaps.

After looking in on his companions to confirm they are asleep, the Doctor returns to the console. As he examines it, a pair of hands swing him around and grab him by the throat.

The Brink of Disaster (2)
The Doctor's attacker is none other than Ian. A strange force has overridden the effects of the drug and compelled him to stop the Doctor from operating the TARDIS controls. Ian recognises the Doctor and collapses. Barbara enters and finds Ian and herself openly accused of sabotage by the Doctor.

As Barbara tries to reason with the Doctor, Susan enters the room and sides with her grandfather, but then finds herself believing her teachers' innocence. The Doctor threatens to put the humans off his ship; suddenly an alarm sounds. The fault locator lights up, showing faults in every system. An explosion rocks the ship. The Doctor realises the TARDIS' power source, located beneath the console, is trying to force its way out and they are only minutes from destruction.

Faced with a common peril, the travellers forget their differences and begin to work together. Barbara deduces that the strange events are an attempt by the TARDIS itself to warn the crew that something is wrong. The Doctor traces the problem to a broken spring in the fast return switch. The malfunction is causing the TARDIS to head back to the creation of a solar system; the strange events were just the TARDIS' attempts to warn its passengers before the ship was destroyed. Fixing the switch returns everything to normal. The Doctor apologises to Ian, who accepts straight away. Barbara needs more convincing but she is eventually won around by the Doctor. The foursome prepare to explore their new surroundings, this time a snowy planet. When Barbara and Susan go outside they discover a giant footprint in the snow.

Cast

 * Dr. Who - William Hartnell
 * Ian Chesterton - William Russell
 * Barbara Wright - Jacqueline Hill
 * Susan Foreman - Carole Ann Ford

Crew

 * Writer - David Whitaker
 * Designer - Raymond Cusick
 * Associate Producer - Mervyn Pinfield
 * Title Music - Ron Grainer, BBC Radiophonic Workshop
 * Director - Richard Martin ("The Edge of Destruction"), Frank Cox ("The Brink of Disaster")
 * Producer - Verity Lambert
 * Assistant Floor Manager - Jeremy Hare (uncredited)
 * Costumes - Daphne Dare (uncredited)
 * Make-Up - Ann Ferriggi (uncredited)
 * Production Assistant - Tony Lightley (uncredited)
 * Special Sounds - Brian Hodgson (uncredited)
 * Sound Supervisor - Jack Brummitt (uncredited)
 * Theme Arrangement - Delia Derbyshire (uncredited)
 * Vision Mixer - Clive Doig (uncredited)
 * Producer's Secretary - Valerie Speyer (uncredited)
 * Secretary - Margaret Allen (uncredited)
 * Technical Manager - Mark Lewis (uncredited)

Cultural references from the real world

 * The coat the Doctor lends Ian was given to him by Gilbert and Sullivan.

Individuals

 * Susan and the Doctor share a telepathic link with each other and the TARDIS.

Story notes

 * This is the first story — and only full-length story — featuring only the Doctor and his companions. It has the smallest cast of any of Doctor Who's televised stories, strictly limited to the four main characters.
 * This is the first (and arguably only) televised Doctor Who story in which, essentially, all action takes place inside the TARDIS.
 * The first episode, "The Edge of Destruction", takes place entirely in the TARDIS. The same is true for the second episode, "The Brink of Disaster", except for the final moments leading into the next story.
 * This story is also known as Inside the Spaceship (also sometimes The Spaceship) and The Brink of Disaster, and is often wrongly referred to as Beyond the Sun.
 * Both episodes exist in 16mm telerecordings.
 * Both episodes were recovered from the negative film prints discovered at BBC Enterprises in 1978.
 * An Arabic print is also held.
 * This story was written to make up the allotted number of episodes and meet the show's commitment to the BBC. The series was initially commissioned for thirteen episodes. An Unearthly Child had four and The Daleks had seven, so an additional two episodes were required in case the show should be cancelled at this point; indeed, during preproduction on Unearthly Child, Donald Baverstock of the BBC did in fact cancel the series, with "Brink of Disaster" earmarked as the final episode as a result, but he later relented.
 * Some of the music from this story was released as Doctor Who at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop, Volume One - The Early Years, 1963 - 1969.
 * This was one of the stories selected to be shown as part of BSB's Doctor Who Weekend in September 1990. The episodes were shown in the wrong order, but were repeated in the correct sequence later that weekend.
 * This story marks the first time the Doctor indicates on screen that his TARDIS might be sentient (though in An Unearthly Child, Ian at one point exclaims, "It's alive!" when he first touches its exterior). There is nothing to indicate that the Doctor himself isn't aware of the TARDIS matrix being alive, but as the series progresses, more clues are given to the viewer, with the Third Doctor stating at one point that the TARDIS is alive. A full indication of this for viewers does not occur until The Doctor's Wife, when the conscious entity within the TARDIS assumes a host body and speaks to the Doctor directly, confirming to viewers her sentience (the Doctor is already aware of this, but up to that story had assumed it would be impossible to communicate in traditional fashion with his TARDIS).
 * Verity Lambert had to write a letter of apology after the children's department made it known they felt it was an unwise decision to show Susan acting out violently with a pair of scissors.
 * The director originally assigned to this serial was Paddy Russell, one of the first female directors at the BBC. Russell was not available for the studio dates, however, and associate producer Mervyn Pinfield was suggested as her replacement.
 * William Hartnell decided to play a joke on the cast, who often teased him when he messed up his lines. During one take, when he was supposed to say, "The fault locator!", he replaced the line with, "The fornicator!"
 * During recording, slight changes were made to the adventure's climax, having Barbara alone deducing that the TARDIS was trying to communicate with its passengers (whereas originally this achievement was shared with Ian). In rehearsals, the resolution to this crisis was made more exciting: the script had simply described the Doctor flipping the fast return switch to save the Ship.
 * This is the first of very few TV stories in which no characters die or are destroyed; though no characters outside the main cast appear.

Ratings

 * "The Edge of Destruction" - 10.4 million viewers
 * "The Brink of Disaster" - 9.9 million viewers

Myths

 * This story had the working title Beyond the Sun. This was a working title used for The Daleks. (See Disputed story titles)
 * This story was written at short notice because the set for Marco Polo was not complete. (See notes for real reason)

Filming locations

 * Lime Grove Studios (Studio D)

Production errors

 * There is a shadow visible on the wall when Barbara tries to wake Ian up.
 * In the first episode, "The Edge of Destruction", the studio floor is clearly visible in the "white void" outside the TARDIS.
 * Two floor assistants' shadows can be seen in the episode "The Edge of Destruction", against the door leading into the bedroom and food machine area.
 * While the Doctor is describing the birth of a new solar system, a cough can be clearly heard.
 * Susan is wearing ankle-socks in the reprise, but afterwards she is not.

Continuity

 * The travellers reference their first adventure together. (TV: An Unearthly Child)
 * The Daleks and Skaro are mentioned. (TV: The Daleks)
 * Susan reminds the Doctor of their visit to Quinnis in the fourth universe, during which they almost lost the TARDIS, prior to travelling to London in 1963. (AUDIO: Quinnis)
 * While Ian and Barbara were aboard the TARDIS, Susan slept in a communal room in order to be more sociable. (PROSE: The Rag & Bone Man's Story)

DVD release
This story was released (Doctor Who: The Edge of Destruction) together with An Unearthly Child and The Daleks in The Beginning DVD box set.

Special Features:
 * Doctor Who: Origins - A 55 minute documentary, detailing the creation of Doctor Who, including a rare interview with creator Sydney Newman, and new interviews with producer Verity Lambert, director Waris Hussein and Richard Martin, actors William Russell and Carole Ann Ford, title sequence designer Bernard Lodge, and TARDIS sound effect creator Brian Hodgson.
 * Over the Edge - The cast and crew look back at the production of The Edge of Destruction
 * Inside the Spaceship - A look at the Doctor's time and space ship, the TARDIS
 * Masters of Sound - A look inside the BBC Radiophonic Workshop which created electronic sounds and music during Doctor Who's early years
 * Marco Polo - A 30 minute version of the 'lost' fourth Doctor Who story, created using a recording of the soundtrack, plus off-screen stills and production photographs
 * PDF Documents - A selection of Radio Times billings for the first three stories, plus the full script of An Unearthly Child (DVD-ROM - PC/Mac)
 * Arabic Soundtrack - Listen to the final episode of this story dubbed into Arabic
 * Production Subtitles
 * Digitally remastered picture and sound quality

Released:
 * Region 2 - 30 January 2006
 * PAL - BBC DVD BBCDVD1882


 * Region 4 - 2 March 2006
 * PAL - Roadshow ????


 * Region 1 - 28 March 2006
 * NTSC - Warner Video E2489

Box sets
This story was released along with An Unearthly Child and The Daleks in a box set called The Beginning.

Digital releases
This story is available:
 * for streaming through BritBox (US) as part of Season 1 of Classic Doctor Who.

Video release
This story was released as Doctor Who: The Edge of Destruction and Dr Who: The Pilot Episode as a compilation video. The BBC originally intended to release this story in a box set with An Unearthly Child and The Daleks, but they changed their plans and decided to release each story individually.

Released:
 * UK Release: May 2000
 * PAL - BBC Video BBCV6877


 * US Release: October 2000
 * NTSC - Warner Video E1578 (2 tapes)

Notes: This video release includes the full takes of "The Pilot Episode". The US release also included the documentary The Missing Years and episode 3 of The Underwater Menace.


 * Editing for the VHS and DVD releases was completed by the Doctor Who Restoration Team.