Star Chamber

The Star Chamber was a British organisation that controlled the Security Service. During the 18th century it was composed of a five-man Council. (PROSE: The Adventuress of Henrietta Street)

Alternate timelines
In an alternate timeline created by the Oracle, Alan Turing was the inventor of the Turing Shroud, which served as a schematic of an early computer. He was arrested on charges of sexual deviancy by the Star Chamber, which still existed in the 20th century in that timeline. When the Eighth Doctor confronted them, he learned that they justified their actions by preventing change and the development of advanced technology and weapons that could threaten the world and a decent way of life. The fact that they genuinely believed their philosophy confirmed for the Doctor that they had been manipulated by this timeline's version of Sabbath, who acted as the Oracle's agent. (PROSE: The Domino Effect)