Chess

Chess was a game in which two players (one black, one white) moved their pieces to try to checkmate the opponent's king.

History
According to the Eleventh Doctor, the Time Lords invented chess. (TV: Nightmare in Silver)

On Earth, it was known at least by the 13th century. (TV: Marco Polo)

In the 52nd century, a variant of chess called live chess was favoured. Each piece had an electrical current; each time a piece was moved, the current became stronger. (TV: The Wedding of River Song)

Known challenges
At a Gobi Desert camp in 1289, Marco Polo challenged Ian Chesterton to a game of chess. Tegana considered it a "fascinating game of strategy of war". (TV: "The Singing Sands")

Dortmun played a one-player variant of the game. (TV: The Dalek Invasion of Earth)

Two Solonians used pipes with different ends as pieces in a chess game. (TV: The Mutants)

K9 Mark I played chess with the Fourth Doctor in the TARDIS. Leela had to move K9's pieces for him. The Doctor declared that even one-dimensional chess showed the failings of the mechanical brain, shortly before K9 put him in check. (TV: The Sun Makers) A match with K9 Mark II saw the Doctor moving K9's pieces. (TV: The Androids of Tara)

The Fourth Doctor played chess with Magnus Greel and defeated him. (TV: The Talons of Weng-Chiang)

Vislor Turlough and Tegan Jovanka played chess in the TARDIS. (TV: Enlightenment)

The Sixth Doctor also played a game of chess against Frobisher, but the game had more than one board and some were stacked to form a cube. (COMIC: War-Game)

Frobisher played chess against a robotic arm. After it beat him, he knocked the set over and claimed the robot cheated. (COMIC: Profits of Doom)

Chess was particularly favoured by the seventh incarnation of the Doctor when battling certain enemies (in particular Fenric). He was accused by Ace and Bernice Summerfield of playing with their lives "as though you would a game of chess". (TV: The Curse of Fenric) While battling Lady Peinforte, de Flores and Cybermen, the Seventh Doctor and Ace travelled to 1638, where the Doctor played chess against an unknown opponent (thought to be Fenric). (TV: Silver Nemesis) The Seventh Doctor played chess against Anthony Rupert Hemmings while the latter posed as his friend George. (PROSE: Timewyrm: Revelation) The Seventh Doctor and his companions Ace, Hex, Lysandra, and Sally were transported by Fenric to a pocket universe resembling a chessboard. (AUDIO: Gods and Monsters)

Haresh Chandra taught Luke Smith how to play chess and was subsequently beaten by him six times in a row. (TV: The Eternity Trap)

Darius Pike (with the help of K9 Mark 2) played chess against Starkey (aided by Jorjie Turner). Starkey beat him. The particular chessboard on which they were playing had animals as the chess pieces. (TV: The Fall of the House of Gryffen)

Rory Williams and Oliver Marks played chess in the garden of the Manse. Oliver put Rory in check eleven times. (PROSE: The Glamour Chase)

Adric and Nyssa often played chess. Adric "always" won. (PROSE: Hearts of Stone)

The Eleventh Doctor played a game against a Cyber-Planner that had attempted to possess him, with the prize being total control over the Doctor's mind. (TV: Nightmare in Silver)

Humphrey, a fictional character created by Annette Billingsley, was taught chess by his grandfather and used his knowledge to beat a minor villain in one of Billingsley's Troubleseekers novels. When a Ch'otterai brought the Troubleseekers fictional world to life, the Tenth Doctor encountered the robber and agreed to his challenge of a game of chess. However, the Doctor said it was inevitable that he would win because he had never lost a game of chess except to a metal dog which did not count, so he refused to play the game and claimed victory anyway. (PROSE: The Mystery of the Haunted Cottage)

Other references
Morgaine claimed she could always beat the Doctor at chess. (TV: Battlefield)

K9 Mark II was programmed with all the championship games since 1866. (TV: The Androids of Tara)

A trap in the Tomb of Rassilon resembled a chess board. Nothing happened until a visitor reached the fifth row; then the board became a giant death trap. (TV: The Five Doctors)

When being warned that he had only four minutes left to live, the Eighth Doctor retorted by asking "anyone for chess?" (TV: The Night of the Doctor)

Group Captain Ian Gilmore was not fond of chess, claiming that "wars are fought on battlefields, not chessboards." (AUDIO: Peshka)